Statistical information Ethiopia 2001Ethiopia

Map of Ethiopia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Ethiopia - Introduction 2001
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Background: Unique among African countries the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta the Derg deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups uprisings wide-scale drought and massive refugee problems the regime was finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea that ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000 has strengthened the ruling coalition but has hurt the nation's economy.


Ethiopia - Geography 2001
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Location: Eastern Africa west of Somalia

Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N 38 00 E

Map referenceAfrica

Area
Total: 1,127,127 km²
Land: 1,119,683 km²
Water: 7,444 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 5,311 km
Border countries: (5) Djibouti 337 km; , Eritrea 912 km; , Kenya 830 km; , Somalia 1,626 km; , Sudan 1,606 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

Terrain: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Denakil Depression -125 m
Extremes highest point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m

Natural resources: small reserves of gold platinum copper potash natural gas hydropower
Land use

Land use
Arable land: 12%
Permanent crops: 1%
Permanent pastures: 40%
Forests and woodland: 25%
Other: 22% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 1900 km² (1993 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts

Geography
Note: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993


Ethiopia - People 2001
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Population
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Growth rate: 2.7% (2001 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Ethiopian
Adjective: Ethiopian

Ethnic groups: Oromo 40% Amhara and Tigre 32% Sidamo 9% Shankella 6% Somali 6% Afar 4% Gurage 2% other 1%

Languages: Amharic Tigrinya Oromigna Guaragigna Somali Arabic other local languages English (major foreign language taught in schools)

Religions: Muslim 45%-50% Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40% animist 12% other 3%-8%

Demographic profile
Age structure

Age structure
0-14 years: 47.18% (male 15,647,675; female 15,442,348)
15-64 years: 50.03% (male 16,584,765; female 16,378,060)
65 years and over: 2.79% (male 834,825; female 1,004,201) (2001 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 2.7% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 44.68 births/1000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 17.84 deaths/1000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate
Note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
International agreements signed but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male/female
Total population: 1.01 male/female (2001 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 99.96 deaths/1000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 44.68 years
Male: 43.88 years
Female: 45.51 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate: 7 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 10.63% (1999 est.)
People living with hivaids: 3 million (1999 est.)
Deaths: 280,000 (1999 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 35.5%
Male: 45.5%
Female: 25.3% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


Ethiopia - Government 2001
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Country name
Conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Conventional short form: Ethiopia
Local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
Local short form: Ityop'iya
Former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
Abbreviation: FDRE

Government type: federal republic

Capital: Addis Ababa

Administrative divisions: 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch singular - astedader): Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa); Afar; Amara Binshangul Gumuz; Dire Dawa*; Gambela Hizboch; Hareri Hizb; Oromiya; Sumale; Tigray; YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region)

Dependent areas

Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2000 years

National holiday: National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime) 28 May (1991)

Constitution: ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995

Legal system: currently transitional mix of national and regional courts

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President NEGASSO Gidada (since 22 August 1995)
Head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives
Elections: president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held NA June 1995 (next to be held NA May 2001); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections
Election results: NEGASSO Gidada elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - NA%

Legislative branch
Elections: last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)
Election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed
Note: irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought

Judicial branch: Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)

Political parties and leaders: Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [KEGNAZ MATCH Neguea Tibeb]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [TEFERA Walwa]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Coalition of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy or CAFPD [Kifle TIGNEH Abate and BEYENE Petros]; Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party or EDUP [Lt. Gen. TESFAYE Gebre Kidan]; Ethiopian National Democratic Party or ENDP [FEKADU Gedamu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of the ANDM OPDO and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Movement or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurange Nationalities Democratic Movement or GNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata Alabaa and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [KUMA Demeksa]; Sidama People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrai People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta Gamo Gofa Dawro Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties

International organization participation: ACP AfDB CCC ECA FAO G-24 G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS IGAD ILO IMF IMO Intelsat Interpol IOC IOM (observer) ISO ITU NAM OAU OPCW UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNU UPU WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WToO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
In the us chancery: 3,506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200
In the us fax: [1] (202) 686-9,857
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Tibor P. NAGY, Jr.
From the us embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
From the us telephone: [251] (1) 550,666
From the us fax: [251] (1) 551,328

Flag descriptionflag of Ethiopia: three equal horizontal bands of green (top) yellow and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


Ethiopia - Economy 2001
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Economy overview: Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture which accounts for half of GDP 90% of exports and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought and poor cultivation practices and as many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy and Ethiopia earned $267 million in 1999 by exporting 105,000 metric tons. According to current estimates coffee contributes 10% of Ethiopia's GDP. More than 15 million people (25% of the population) derive their livelihood from the coffee sector. Other exports include live animals hides gold and qat. In December 1999 Ethiopia signed a $1.4 billion joint venture deal to develop a huge natural gas field in the Somali Regional State. The war with Eritrea forced the government to spend scarce resources on the military and to scale back ambitious development plans. Foreign investment has declined significantly. Government taxes imposed in late 1999 to raise money for the war depressed an already weak economy. The war forced the government to improve roads and other parts of the previously neglected infrastructure but only certain regions of the nation benefited. Recovery from the war is mostly contingent on natural factors. A drought has continued into the end of 2000 and food relief is expected to be needed through mid-2001 at least. Ethiopia may receive Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief by the end of the year.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 2% (2000 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $600 (2000 est.)

Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 45%
Industry: 12%
Services: 43% (1999 est.)

Agriculture products: cereals pulses coffee oilseed sugarcane potatoes qat; hides cattle sheep goats

Industries: food processing beverages textiles chemicals metals processing cement

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: NA
By occupation agriculture and animal husbandry: 80%
By occupation government and services: 12%
By occupation industry and construction: 8% (1985)
Labor force

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 3%
Highest 10: 33.7% (1995)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $1 billion
Expenditures: $1.48 billion, including capital expenditures of $415 million (FY96/97)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July

Inflation rate consumer prices: 5% (2000 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $460 million (f.o.b. 1999)
Commodities: coffee gold leather products oilseeds qat
Partners: Germany 16% Japan 13% Djibouti 10% Saudi Arabia 7% (1999 est.)

Imports: $1.25 billion (f.o.b. 1999)
Commodities: food and live animals petroleum and petroleum products chemicals machinery motor vehicles
Partners: Saudi Arabia 28% Italy 10% Russia 7% US 6% (1999 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $10 billion (1999 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates
Note: since May 1993, the birr market rate has been determined in an interbank market supported by weekly wholesale auction


Ethiopia - Energy 2001
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Electricity
Production: 1.625 billion kWh (1999)
Production by source fossil fuel: 3.08%
Production by source hydro: 96.92%
Production by source nuclear: 0%
Production by source other: 0% (1999)
Consumption: 1.511 billion kWh (1999)
Exports: 0 kWh (1999)
Imports: 0 kWh (1999)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


Ethiopia - Communication 2001
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Telephones
Main lines in use: 157,000 (1997)
Mobile cellular: 4,000 (1999)

Telephone system
General assessment: open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use
Domestic: open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service
International: open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .et
Service providers isps: 1 (2000)
Users: 7,200 (1999)

Broadband fixed subscriptions


Ethiopia - Military 2001
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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $138 million (FY98/99)
Percent of gdp: 2.5% (FY98/99)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


Ethiopia - Transportation 2001
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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 86 (2000 est.)
With paved runways total: 12
With paved runways over 3047 m: 3
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2000 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 74
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 7
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 10
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 35
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 20 (2000 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways
Total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)
Narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge
Note: in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines

Roadways

Waterways: none

Merchant marine
Total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT
Ships by type: cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)

Ports and terminals


Ethiopia - Transnational issues 2001
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Disputes international: most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; as a result of the 12 December 2000 peace agreement ending a two year war with Eritrea the UN will administer a 25-km wide temporary security zone within Eritrea until a joint boundary commission delimits and demarcates a final boundary; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998; a peace accord signed in December 2000 provides for UN-assisted arbitration and demarcation of the border

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs


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