Map of San Marino | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.


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Location: Southern Europe an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N 12 25 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 61.2 km²
Land: 61.2 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 39 km
Border countries: (1) Italy 39 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm sunny summers

Terrain: rugged mountains

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
Extremes highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources: building stone

Land use
Arable land: 17%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 0%
Forests and woodland: 0%
Other: 83% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines


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Population: 27,336 (July 2001 est.)
Growth rate: 1.45% (2001 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups: Sammarinese Italian

Languages: Italian

Religions: Roman Catholic

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100)
15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525)
65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.45% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 10.76 births/1000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 7.68 deaths/1000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate: 11.45 migrant(s)/1000 population (2001 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: NA
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.09 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.07 male/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male/female
Total population: 0.93 male/female (2001 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 6.21 deaths/1000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 81.23 years
Male: 77.68 years
Female: 85.1 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA%
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 10 and over can read and write
Total population: 96%
Male: 97%
Female: 95% (1976 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
Conventional short form: San Marino
Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Local short form: San Marino

Government type: independent republic

Capital: San Marino

Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli singular - castello); Acquaviva Borgo Maggiore Chiesanuova Domagnano Faetano Fiorentino Monte Giardino San Marino Serravalle

Dependent areas

Independence: 3 September 301

National holiday: Founding of the Republic 3 September (301)

Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001)
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
Elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003)
Election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
Note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Legislative branch
Elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001)
Election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2

Judicial branch: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders: Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]

International organization participation: CE ECE FAO IBRD ICAO ICFTU ICRM IFRCS ILO IMF IOC IOM (observer) ITU OPCW OSCE UN UNCTAD UNESCO UPU WHO WIPO WToO

Diplomatic representation
In the us honorary consulates general: Washington, DC, and New York
In the us honorary consulates: Detroit
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking wearing apparel electronics and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy which supplies much of its food.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 8% (2000 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: NA%
Industry: NA%
Services: NA%

Agriculture products: wheat grapes corn olives; cattle pigs horses beef cheese hides

Industries: tourism banking textiles electronics ceramics cement wine

Industrial production growth rate: 6% (1997 est.)

Labor force: 18,500 (1999)
By occupation services: 60%
By occupation industry: 38%
By occupation agriculture: 2% (1998 est.)

Unemployment rate: 3% (1999)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $400 million
Expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.2% (2000)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Commodities: building stone lime wood chestnuts wheat wine baked goods hides ceramics

Imports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures food

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001) 1.08540 (2000) 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1736.2 (1998) 1703.1 (1997) 1542.9 (1996)


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Electricity
Production: NA kWh
Production by source fossil fuel: NA%
Production by source hydro: NA%
Production by source nuclear: NA%
Production by source other: NA%
Consumption: NA kWh
Exports note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999)
Imports note: electricity supplied by Italy

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 18,000 (1998)
Mobile cellular: 3,010 (1998)

Telephone system
General assessment: adequate connections
Domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system
International: connected to Italian international network

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .sm
Service providers isps: 2 (2000)
Users: NA

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $700,000 (FY00)
Percent of gdp: NA%

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: none

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways: 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore

Roadways

Waterways: none

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs