Map of Tuvalu | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
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Background: In 1974 ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000 Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name '.tv' for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.


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Location: Oceania island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia

Geographic coordinates: 8 00 S 178 00 E

Map reference: Oceania

Area
Total: 26 km²
Land: 26 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: 0.1 times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 24 km

Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 24 NM
Exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate: tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)

Terrain: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: unnamed location 5 m

Natural resources: fish

Land use
Arable land: 0%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 0%
Forests and woodland: 0%
Other: 100% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: severe tropical storms are usually rare but in 1997 there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level

Geography


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Population: 10,991 (July 2001 est.)
Growth rate: 1.4% (2001 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Tuvaluan
Adjective: Tuvaluan

Ethnic groups: Polynesian 96%

Languages: Tuvaluan English

Religions: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97% Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4% Baha'i 1% other 0.6%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 33.28% (male 1,862; female 1,796)
15-64 years: 61.6% (male 3,241; female 3,529)
65 years and over: 5.12% (male 236; female 327) (2001 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.4% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 21.56 births/1000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 7.55 deaths/1000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2001 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels which threaten the country's underground water table
International agreements party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
International agreements signed but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.04 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male/female
Total population: 0.94 male/female (2001 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 22.65 deaths/1000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 66.65 years
Male: 64.52 years
Female: 68.88 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA%
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: NA
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Tuvalu
Former: Ellice Islands

Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992

Capital: Funafuti

Administrative divisions: none

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day 1 October (1978)

Constitution: 1 October 1978

Legal system: NA

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA (since 26 June 1998)
Head of government: Acting Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU (since 8 December 2000); note - TUILIMU took over after Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA died suddenly of a heart attack on 8 December 2000
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister
Elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 27 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)
Election results: results of the last election for prime minister - Ionatana IONATANA elected prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU elected deputy prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; note - Deputy Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU became acting prime minister following the death of Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA on 8 December 2000

Legislative branch
Elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
Election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 12

Judicial branch: High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings

International organization participation: ACP AsDB C ESCAP IFRCS (associate) Intelsat (nonsignatory user) ITU Sparteca SPC SPF UN UNCTAD UNESCO UPU WHO WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu

Flag description: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Tuvalu consists of a densely populated scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans however as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia NZ and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu with 1999 payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries at about $9 million a total which is expected to rise annually. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid the government is pursuing public sector reforms including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998 Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for '900' lines and in 2000 from the sale of its '.tv' Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could raise GDP three or more times over the next decade. In 1999 with merchandise exports falling and financing reaching less than 5% of imports continued reliance was placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees remittances from overseas workers official transfers and investment income from overseas assets to cover the trade deficit.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 3% (1999 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $1100 (1999 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: NA%
Industry: NA%
Services: NA%

Agriculture products: coconuts; fish

Industries: fishing tourism copra

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: NA
By occupation: people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea reefs and atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $6.2 million
Expenditures: $6.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 7% (1999 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $165,000 (f.o.b. 1989)
Commodities: copra
Partners: Fiji Australia NZ

Imports: $4.4 million (c.i.f. 1989)
Commodities: food animals mineral fuels machinery manufactured goods
Partners: Fiji Australia NZ

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001) 1.7173 (2000) 1.5497 (1999) 1.5888 (1998) 1.3439 (1997) 1.2773 (1996)


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Electricity
Production by source fossil fuel: NA%
Production by source hydro: NA%
Production by source nuclear: NA%
Production by source other: NA%

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 1000 (1997)
Mobile cellular: 0 (1994)

Telephone system
General assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications
Domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands
International: NA

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .tv
Service providers isps: 1 (2000)
Users: NA

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $NA
Percent of gdp: NA%

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 1 (2000 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 1
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways: 0 km

Roadways

Waterways: none

Merchant marine
Total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,135 GRT/68,300 DWT
Ships by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs