Map of Hungary | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called 'Goulash Communism.' Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.


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Location: Central Europe, northwest of Romania

Geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 20 00 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 93,028 km²
Land: 89,608 km²
Water: 3,420 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana
Country comparison total: 2,106 km
Country comparison border countries: (7) Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km

Land boundaries
Total: 2,106 km
Border countries: (7) Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

Elevation
Highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
Mean elevation: 143 m

Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land

Land use
Agricultural land: 58.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 48.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 22.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 18.6% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 1,010 km² (2019)

Major rivers
By length in km: Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 660 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 3.45 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 550 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 104 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions


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Population
Distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Total: 9,855,745
Male: 4,812,668
Female: 5,043,077 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: -0.28% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 12.1% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Hungarian(s)
Adjective: Hungarian

Ethnic groups: Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)
Note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–10% of Hungary's population

Languages: Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)
Major-language samples: A Gheos World Guide nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language

Religions: Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 53.8
Youth dependency ratio: 22.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 31.4
Potential support ratio: 3.2 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 44.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 42.8 years
Female: 46.7 years

Population growth rate: -0.28% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 9.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 14.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Urbanization
Urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: air and water pollution are some of Hungary's most serious environmental problems; water quality in the Hungarian part of the Danube has improved but is still plagued by pollutants from industry and large-scale agriculture; soil pollution
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 14.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 45.54 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 7.25 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 28.4 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 15 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76 years (2024 est.)
Male: 72.9 years
Female: 79.3 years

Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 100% of population
Unimproved rural: 0% of population
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 7 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 100% of population
Improved rural: 100% of population
Improved total: 100% of population
Unimproved urban: 0% of population
Unimproved rural: 0% of population
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 26.4% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 31.8% (2020 est.)
Male: 35.8% (2020 est.)
Female: 27.8% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA

Education expenditures: 4.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.1%
Male: 99.1%
Female: 99.1% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years
Male: 15 years
Female: 15 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 12.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 13.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 11.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Hungary
Local long form: none
Local short form: Magyarorszag
Former: Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic
Etymology: the Byzantine Greeks refered to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the 'Oungroi,' a name that was later Latinized to 'Ungri' and which became 'Hungari'; the name originally meant an '[alliance of] ten tribes'; the Hungarian name 'Magyarorszag' means 'Country of the Magyars'; the term may derive from the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes, the Megyer

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Budapest
Geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called 'Pession' in ancient times; 'Buda' may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name

Administrative divisions: 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros); counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala; cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg; capital city: Budapest

Dependent areas

Independence: 16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)

National holiday: Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)
Note: commemorates his canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083

Constitution
History: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president; amended several times, last in 2018

Legal system: civil legal system influenced by the German model

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
Head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2024 (next to be held in spring 2,029); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April or May 2,027)
Election results: 2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5; 2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, using the D’Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2,026)
Elections results: percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 54.1%, United for Hungary 34.5%, Mi Hazank 5.9%, other 5.5%; seats by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 135, United for Hungary 57, Mi Hazank 6, independent 1; composition - men 170, women 29, percentage women 14.6%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
Judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
Subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts

Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP, Democratic Coalition or DK, Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd, Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz, Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP, Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik, LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP, Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM, Momentum Movement or Momentum, Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik, National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ, On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján, Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk, TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA

International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)
In the us chancery: 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20,005
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 362-6,730
In the us fax: [1] (202) 966-8,135
In the us email address and website: info.was@mfa.gov.hu; [link]
In the us consulates general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
In the us consulates: Houston, Miami
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador David PRESSMAN (since 14 September 2022)
From the us embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
From the us mailing address: 5,270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20,521-5,270
From the us telephone: [36] (1) 475-4,400
From the us fax: [36] (1) 475-4,248
From the us email address and website: acs.budapest@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so much of the country

National symbols: Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen); national colors: red, white, green

National anthem
Name: 'Himnusz' (Hymn)
Lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
Note: adopted 1844

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: high-income EU and OECD economy; tightening fiscal policy in response to budget deficit; delayed EU cohesion fund disbursement due to judicial independence concerns; high inflation and low consumer confidence; seeking alternatives to dependence on Russian natural gas

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $388.906 billion (2023 est.); $392.468 billion (2022 est.); $375.268 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: -0.91% (2023 est.); 4.58% (2022 est.); 7.06% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $40,600 (2023 est.); $40,700 (2022 est.); $38,600 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 49.5% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 20% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 26.3% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -1% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 81.2% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -76.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 4.7% (2023 est.)
Industry: 24.3% (2023 est.)
Services: 57.6% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: wheat, maize, milk, barley, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, sugar beets, pork, grapes, apples (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Industrial production growth rate: -5.16% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 5.006 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 4.13% (2023 est.); 3.61% (2022 est.); 4.05% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 12.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 13.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 11.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 12.1% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $69.793 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $75.081 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 23.43% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 75.53% of GDP (2022 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.1% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 17.12% (2023 est.); 14.61% (2022 est.); 5.11% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: $623.545 million (2023 est.); -$14.47 billion (2022 est.); -$7.337 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $172.484 billion (2023 est.); $160.038 billion (2022 est.); $145.539 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Germany 24%, Italy 6%, Romania 5%, Slovakia 5%, Austria 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $161.558 billion (2023 est.); $167.744 billion (2022 est.); $145.058 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Germany 21%, China 7%, Austria 7%, Slovakia 6%, Poland 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: natural gas, vehicle parts/accessories, electricity, cars, plastic products (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $45.719 billion (2023 est.); $41.219 billion (2022 est.); $43.483 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 11.995 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 43.186 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 9.439 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 21.589 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 2.801 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 33.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 13.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Production: 5.45 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Consumption: 6.18 million metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 132,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 804,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 2.909 billion metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 175,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 1.523 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 9.485 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Imports: 9.314 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 3.738 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 44.884 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 4.915 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 21.781 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 18.187 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 102.832 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 2.845 million (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 10.372 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.); 2.1% of GDP (2023); 1.8% of GDP (2022); 1.7% of GDP (2021); 1.8% of GDP (2020)

Military and security forces: Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2024)
Note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Ministry of Interior also has the Counterterrorism Center, a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts

Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2023)
Note: as of 2021, women comprised over 20% of Hungary's full-time military personnel

Space program

Terrorist groups: Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 5 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 145
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 31,226,848 (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: HA

Airports: 109 (2024)

Heliports: 14 (2024)

Pipelines: 5,874 km gas (high-pressure transmission system), 83,732 km gas (low-pressure distribution network), 850 km oil, 1,200 km refined products (2018)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 216,443 km (2022)

Waterways: 1,622 km (2011) (most on Danube River)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 66,135 (Ukraine) (as of 15 April 2024)
Stateless persons: 130 (2022)

Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; efforts to counter money laundering, related to organized crime and drug trafficking are improving but remain vulnerable; significant consumer of ecstasy