Map of Mali | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger

Geographic coordinates: 17 00 N, 4 00 W

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,240,192 km²
Land: 1,220,190 km²
Water: 20,002 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Country comparison total: 7,908 km
Country comparison border countries: (7) Algeria 1,359 km; Burkina Faso 1,325 km; Cote d'Ivoire 599 km; Guinea 1,062 km; Mauritania 2,236 km; Niger 838 km; , Senegal 489 km

Land boundaries
Total: 7,908 km
Border countries: (7) Algeria 1,359 km; Burkina Faso 1,325 km; Cote d'Ivoire 599 km; Guinea 1,062 km; Mauritania 2,236 km; Niger 838 km; , Senegal 489 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

Elevation
Highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
Mean elevation: 343 m

Natural resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
Note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited

Land use
Agricultural land: 34.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 55.7% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 3,780 km² (2012)

Major rivers
By length in km: Niger (shared with Guinea [s], Niger, and Nigeria [m]) - 4,200 km; Senegal (shared with Guinea [s], Senegal, and Mauritania [m]) - 1,641 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 km²), Senegal (456,397 km²), Volta (410,991 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 110 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 4 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 5.08 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 120 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding

Geography
Note: landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan


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Population
Distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 21,990,607
Male: 10,688,755
Female: 11,301,852 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 2.9% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 44.6% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Malian(s)
Adjective: Malian

Ethnic groups: Bambara 33.3%, Fulani (Peuhl) 13.3%, Sarakole/Soninke/Marka 9.8%, Senufo/Manianka 9.6%, Malinke 8.8%, Dogon 8.7%, Sonrai 5.9%, Bobo 2.1%, Tuareg/Bella 1.7%, other Malian 6%, from members of Economic Community of West Africa 0.4%, other 0.3% (2018 est.)

Languages: Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)
Note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language

Religions: Muslim 93.9%, Christian 2.8%, animist 0.7%, none 2.5% (2018 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 46.8% (male 5,175,714/female 5,114,128)
15-64 years: 50.1% (male 5,178,742/female 5,842,456)
65 years and over: 3.1% (2024 est.) (male 334,299/female 345,268)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 99.3
Youth dependency ratio: 94.5
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.9
Potential support ratio: 20.6 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 16.4 years (2024 est.)
Male: 15.7 years
Female: 17.1 years

Population growth rate: 2.9% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 40 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 46.2% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 2.929 million BAMAKO (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; loss of pasture land; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 38.55 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 3.18 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 19.16 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 19.2 years (2018 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 440 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 57.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 62.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 52 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 63.2 years (2024 est.)
Male: 60.9 years
Female: 65.6 years

Total fertility rate: 5.35 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 17.2% (2018)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 99.9% of population
Unimproved rural: 24.1% of population
Unimproved total: 13.6% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0.1% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 0.1 beds/1,000 population

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 85.7% of population
Improved rural: 44.7% of population
Improved total: 62.7% of population
Unimproved urban: 14.3% of population
Unimproved rural: 55.3% of population
Unimproved total: 37.3% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 8.6% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 0.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 8.3% (2020 est.)
Male: 15.6% (2020 est.)
Female: 1% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 18.5% (2022)

Education expenditures: 4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 35.5%
Male: 46.2%
Female: 25.7% (2018)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 7 years
Male: 8 years
Female: 7 years (2017)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 4.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 4.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Mali
Conventional short form: Mali
Local long form: République de Mali
Local short form: Mali
Former: French Sudan, Sudanese Republic, Mali Federation
Etymology: name derives from the West African Mali Empire of the 13th to 16th centuries A.D.

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Bamako
Geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W
Time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: the name in the Bambara language can mean either 'crocodile tail' or 'crocodile river' and three crocodiles appear on the city seal

Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Menaka, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Taoudenni, Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
Note: Menaka and Taoudenni were legislated in 2016, but implementation has not been confirmed by the US Board on Geographic Names

Dependent areas

Independence: 22 September 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September (1960)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest drafted 13 October 2022 and submitted to Transition President Assimi GOITA; final draft completed 1 March 2023; referendum held on 18 June 2023 and approved; referendum results validated by Constitutional Court on 22 July 2023
Note: the new constitution includes provisions for the extension of presidential and military powers and the creation of a 'senate'
Amendments: procedure for amending the 2023 constitution NA

Legal system: civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mali
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021)
Head of government: Transition Prime Minister Choguel MAIGA (since 7 June 2021)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 July 2018 with runoff on 12 August 2018; prime minister appointed by the president
Note: an August 2020 coup d'état deposed President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA; on 21 September 2020, a group of 17 electors chosen by the Malian military junta, known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP) and led by Colonel Assimi GOITA, selected Bah NDAW as transition president; GOITA served as vice president of the transition government which was inaugurated on 25 September 2020; Vice President GOITA seized power on 25 May 2021; NDAW resigned on 26 May 2021; on 6 June 2022, GOITA's government announced a transition period of 24 months with a planned return to civilian rule by March 2024
Election results: 2018: Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 41.7%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 17.8%, other 40.5%; percent of vote in second round - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 67.2%, Soumaila CISSE 32.8%; 2013: Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 39.8%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 19.7%, other 40.5%; percent of vote in second round - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 22.4%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: last held on 30 March and 19 April 2020
Elections results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA
Note 1: the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 after a military coup; the transitional government created a Transitional National Council (CNT) that acts as the transitional government's legislative body; a new constitution was ratified in July 2023 that expanded the military junta's powers, and no plans for legislative elections have been announced
Note 2: coup leaders appointed a president and vice president; the president then apportioned CNT seats to various groups and political parties

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 judges organized into judicial, administrative, and accounting sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office); administrative courts (first instance and appeal); commercial courts; magistrate courts; labor courts; juvenile courts; special court of state security

Political parties and leaders: African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI, Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP-Maliba, Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ, Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP, Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM, Democratic Alliance for Peace or ADP-Maliba, Movement for Mali or MPM, Party for National Renewal (also Rebirth or Renaissance or PARENA), Rally for Mali or RPM , Social Democratic Convention or CDS, Union for Democracy and Development or UDD, Union for Republic and Democracy or URD, Yéléma

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOPS, UN Women, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, World Bank Group, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Sékou BERTHE (since 16 September 2022)
In the us chancery: 2,130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-2,249
In the us fax: [1] (202) 332-6,603
In the us email address and website: administration@maliembassy.us; [link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Rachna KORHONEN (since 16 March 2023)
From the us embassy: ACI 2000, Rue 243, (located off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge west of the Bamako central district), Porte 297, Bamako
From the us mailing address: 2,050 Bamako Place, Washington DC 20,521-2,050
From the us telephone: [223] 20-70-23-00
From the us fax: [223] 20-70-24-79
From the us email address and website: ACSBamako@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red
Note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea

National symbols: Great Mosque of Djenne; national colors: green, yellow, red

National anthem
Name: 'Le Mali' (Mali)
Lyrics/music: Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO
Note: adopted 1962; also known as 'Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali' (For Africa and for You, Mali) and 'A ton appel Mali' (At Your Call, Mali)

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 4 (3 cultural, 1 mixed)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: low-income Saharan economy; recession due to COVID-19 and political instability; extreme poverty; environmentally fragile; high public debt; agricultural and gold exporter; terrorism and warfare are common

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $57.235 billion (2023 est.); $54.387 billion (2022 est.); $52.56 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 5.24% (2023 est.); 3.47% (2022 est.); 3.05% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $2,500 (2023 est.); $2,400 (2022 est.); $2,400 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 74.3% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 17.1% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20.1% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -1.9% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 28.2% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -37.8% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Industry: 19.4% (2023 est.)
Services: 36.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: maize, rice, millet, sorghum, okra, sugarcane, mangoes/guavas, onions, cotton, bananas (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Industrial production growth rate: -0.82% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 8.277 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 3.01% (2023 est.); 3.09% (2022 est.); 2.29% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 4.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 4.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 44.6% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $2.841 billion (2020 est.)
Expenditures: $2.533 billion (2020 est.)
Note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 14.16% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources: 2.02% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.06% (2023 est.); 9.62% (2022 est.); 3.93% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$1.475 billion (2022 est.); -$1.469 billion (2021 est.); -$379.683 million (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $5.855 billion (2022 est.); $5.381 billion (2021 est.); $5.196 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: UAE 74%, Switzerland 17%, Australia 5%, China 1%, Turkey 1% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: gold, cotton, oil seeds, wood, fertilizers (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $7.942 billion (2022 est.); $7.596 billion (2021 est.); $6.339 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Cote d'Ivoire 24%, Senegal 19%, China 10%, France 6%, Burkina Faso 5% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, cotton fabric, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicine, gold (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $647.8 million (31 December 2017 est.); $395.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Debt external: $3.923 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 53% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 99.7%
Access electrification rural areas: 18.3%
Installed generating capacity: 1.145 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 3.5 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 600 million kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 775.87 million kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 433.773 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 60.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 37.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Exports: (2022 est.) less than 1 metric ton
Imports: 100 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 46,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions: 6.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 6.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 4.476 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 307,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 25.869 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 114 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 4% of GDP (2023 est.); 3.5% of GDP (2022 est.); 3.5% of GDP (2021 est.); 3.4% of GDP (2020 est.); 3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Malian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Maliennes or FAMa): Land Forces (l’Armée de Terre), Air Force (l’Armée de l’Air); National Guard (la Garde Nationale du Mali or GNM); General Directorate of the National Gendarmerie (la Direction Générale de la Gendarmerie Nationale or DGGN) (2024)
Note 1: the Gendarmerie and the National Guard are under the authority of the Ministry of Defense and Veterans Affairs (Ministere De La Defense Et Des Anciens Combattants, MDAC), but operational control is shared with the Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection which also controls the National Police; the National Police has responsibility for law enforcement and maintenance of order in urban areas and supports the FAMa in internal military operations
Note 2: the Gendarmerie's primary mission is internal security and public order; its duties also include territorial defense, humanitarian operations, intelligence gathering, and protecting private property, mainly in rural areas; it also has a specialized border security unit
Note 3: the National Guard is a military force responsible for providing security to government facilities and institutions, prison service, public order, humanitarian operations, some border security, and intelligence gathering; its forces include a camel corps for patrolling the deserts and borders of northern Mali
Note 4: there are also pro-government militias operating in Mali, such as the Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies (GATIA); the leader of GATIA is also a general in the national army

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for men and women for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 24-month compulsory service obligation (2023)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Ansar al-Dine; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS); Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 0 (2020)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: TZ, TT

Airports: 30 (2024)

Heliports: 3 (2024)

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 139,107 km (2014)

Waterways: 1,800 km (2011) (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels)

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 29,138 (Burkina Faso) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,617 (Niger) (refugees and asylum seekers), 14,956 (Mauritania) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)
Idps: 375,539 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2023)

Illicit drugs: a transit point for illicit drugs trafficked to Europe; trafficking controlled by armed groups, criminal organizations, terrorist groups and government officials that facilitate, protect and profit from the activity