Map of Namibia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: Various ethnic groups occupied southwestern Africa prior to Germany establishing a colony over most of the territory in 1884. South Africa occupied the colony, then known as German South West Africa, in 1915 during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966, the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia gained independence in 1990, and SWAPO has governed it since, although the party has dropped much of its Marxist ideology. President Hage GEINGOB was elected in 2014 in a landslide victory, replacing Hifikepunye POHAMBA, who stepped down after serving two terms. SWAPO retained its parliamentary super majority in the 2014 elections. In 2019 elections, GEINGOB was reelected but by a substantially reduced majority, and SWAPO narrowly lost its super majority in parliament.


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Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa

Geographic coordinates: 22 00 S, 17 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 824,292 km²
Land: 823,290 km²
Water: 1,002 km²
Comparative: almost seven times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly more than half the size of Alaska
Country comparison total: 4,220 km
Country comparison border countries: (4) Angola 1,427 km; Botswana 1,544 km; South Africa 1,005 km; Zambia 244 km

Land boundaries
Total: 4,220 km
Border countries: (4) Angola 1,427 km; Botswana 1,544 km; South Africa 1,005 km; Zambia 244 km

Coastline: 1,572 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic

Terrain: mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east

Elevation
Highest point: Konigstein on Brandberg 2,573 m
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Mean elevation: 1,141 m

Natural resources: diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish
Note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore

Land use
Agricultural land: 47.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 46.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 44% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 80 km² (2012)

Major rivers
By length in km: Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s]), Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Orange river mouth (shared with Lesotho [s], and South Africa) - 2,092 km; Okavango (shared with Angola [s], and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: Orange (941,351 km²); Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 km²); Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 70 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 201 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 39.91 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: prolonged periods of drought

Geography
Note: the Namib Desert, after which the country is named, is considered to be the oldest desert in the world; Namibia is the first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip; Namib-Naukluft National Park (49,768 km²), is the largest game park in Africa and one of the largest in the world


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Population
Distribution: population density is very low, with the largest clustering found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 2,803,660
Male: 1,377,286
Female: 1,426,374 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 1.72% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 17.4% (2015 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Namibian(s)
Adjective: Namibian

Ethnic groups: Ovambo 50%, Kavangos 9%, Herero 7%, Damara 7%, mixed European and African ancestry 6.5%, European 6%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, San 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%

Languages: Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4%, Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African languages 1.5%, other European languages 0.7%, other 1% (2016 est.)
Note: Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 European languages

Religions: Christian 97.5%, other 0.6% (includes Muslim, Baha'i, Jewish, Buddhist), unaffiliated 1.9% (2020 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 34.1% (male 482,790/female 473,306)
15-64 years: 62% (male 846,810/female 890,099)
65 years and over: 3.9% (2024 est.) (male 47,686/female 62,969)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 67.3
Youth dependency ratio: 60.6
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.7
Potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 22.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 22.1 years
Female: 23.5 years

Population growth rate: 1.72% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 24.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: population density is very low, with the largest clustering found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 54.9% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 477,000 WINDHOEK (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: depletion and degradation of water and aquatic resources; desertification; land degradation; loss of biodiversity and biotic resources; wildlife poaching
International agreements party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 11.81 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 4.23 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 10.4 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 21.6 years (2013 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 215 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 27.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 31 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 65.9 years (2024 est.)
Male: 64.2 years
Female: 67.6 years

Total fertility rate: 2.89 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 56.1% (2013)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 98.9% of population
Unimproved rural: 16.8% of population
Unimproved total: 8.6% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 1.1% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 2.7 beds/1,000 population

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 70.6% of population
Improved rural: 23.6% of population
Improved total: 48.1% of population
Unimproved urban: 29.4% of population
Unimproved rural: 76.4% of population
Unimproved total: 51.9% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 17.2% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 2.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 1.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.53 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 15.1% (2020 est.)
Male: 24.2% (2020 est.)
Female: 6% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 13.2% (2013)

Education expenditures: 9.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 92.3%
Male: 90.6%
Female: 92.3% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 38% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 37.4% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 38.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Namibia
Conventional short form: Namibia
Local long form: Republic of Namibia
Local short form: Namibia
Former: German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Suedwestafrika), South-West Africa
Etymology: named for the coastal Namib Desert; the name 'namib' means 'vast place' in the Nama/Damara language

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Windhoek
Geographic coordinates: 22 34 S, 17 05 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April
Etymology: may derive from the Afrikaans word 'wind-hoek' meaning 'windy corner'

Administrative divisions: 14 regions; Erongo, Hardap, //Karas, Kavango East, Kavango West, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Zambezi
Note: the Karas Region was renamed //Karas in September 2013 to include the alveolar lateral click of the Khoekhoegowab language

Dependent areas

Independence: 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

National holiday: Independence Day, 21 March (1990)

Constitution
History: adopted 9 February 1990, entered into force 21 March 1990
Amendments: passage requires majority vote of the National Assembly membership and of the National Council of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; if the National Council fails to pass an amendment, the president can call for a referendum; passage by referendum requires two-thirds majority of votes cast; amendments that detract from or repeal constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended, and the requisite majorities needed by Parliament to amend the constitution cannot be changed; amended 1998, 2010, 2014

Legal system: mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Namibia
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Acting President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 4 February 2024)
Head of government: Acting President Nangolo MBUMBA (since 4 February 2024)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 27 November 2024 (next to be held in November 2,029)
Note 1: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Note 2: - President Hage GEINGOB died on 4 February 2024, and Vice President MBUMBA was sworn in to run the government until the next presidential election in November 2024
Note 3: - Netumbo Nandi-NDAITWAH won the 7 December 2024 election with her inauguration scheduled for 21 March 2025
Election results: 2024: Netumbo Nandi-NDAITWAH elected president in the first round; percent of vote -Netumbo Nandi-NDAITWAH (SWAPO) 57%, Panduleni ITULA (IPC) 26%, McHenry VENAANI (PDM) 5.10%, Bernadus SWARTBOOI (LPM) 4.72%, Job AMUPANDA (AR) 1.80%, Hendrik GAOBEAB (UDF) 1.16%; other 3.31%; 2019: Hage GEINGOB reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Hage GEINGOB (SWAPO) 56.3%, Panduleni ITULA (independent) 29.4%, McHenry VENAANI (PDM) 5.3%, other .9%

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament consists of: National Council (42 seats); members indirectly elected 3 each by the 14 regional councils to serve 5-year terms), National Assembly (104 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed list, proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 8 nonvoting members appointed by the president)
Elections: National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025), National Assembly - last held on 27 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024)
Elections results: Nstional Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 28, LPM 6, IPC 2, PDM 2, UDF 2, NUDO 1, independent 1; composition - men 36, women 6, percentage women 14.3%, National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 65.5%, PDM 16.6%, LPM 4.7%, NUDO 1.9%, APP 1.8%, UDF 1.8%, RP 1.8%, NEFF 1.7%, RDP 1.1%, CDV .7%, SWANU .6%, other 1.8%; seats by party - SWAPO 63, PDM 16, LPM 4, NUDO 2, APP 2, UDF 2, RP 2, NEFF 2, RDP 1, CDV 1, SWANU 1; composition - men 58, women 46, percentage women 44.2%; total Parliament percentage women 35.6%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)
Judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president of Namibia upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; judges serve until age 65, but terms can be extended by the president until age 70
Subordinate courts: High Court; Electoral Court, Labor Court; regional and district magistrates' courts; community courts

Political parties and leaders: All People's Party or APP , Christian Democratic Voice or CDV , Landless People's Movement or LPM , National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO , Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters or NEFF , Popular Democratic Movement or PDM (formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance or DTA) , Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP , Republican Party or RP, South West Africa National Union or SWANU , South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO , United Democratic Front or UDF , United People's Movement or UPM

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Margareth Natalie MENSAH-WILLIAMS (since 18 January 2021)
In the us chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540
In the us fax: [1] (202) 986-0443
In the us email address and website: info@namibiaembassyusa.org; [link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Randy William BERRY (since 9 February 2023)
From the us embassy: 38 Metje Street, Klein Windhoek, Windhoek
From the us mailing address: 2,540 Windhoek Place, Washington DC 20,521-2,540
From the us telephone: [264] (61) 202-5,000
From the us fax: [264] (61) 202-5,219
From the us email address and website: ConsularWindhoek@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a golden-yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green; red signifies the heroism of the people and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all; white stands for peace, unity, tranquility, and harmony; blue represents the Namibian sky and the Atlantic Ocean, the country's precious water resources and rain; the golden-yellow sun denotes power and existence; green symbolizes vegetation and agricultural resources

National symbols: oryx (antelope); national colors: blue, red, green, white, yellow

National anthem
Name: 'Namibia, Land of the Brave'
Lyrics/music: Axali DOESEB
Note: adopted 1991

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 2 (1 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: upper middle-income, export-driven Sub-Saharan economy; natural resource rich; Walvis Bay port expansion for trade; high potential for renewable power generation and energy independence; major nature-based tourist locale; natural resource rich; shortage of skilled labor

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $29.944 billion (2023 est.); $28.748 billion (2022 est.); $27.288 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 4.16% (2023 est.); 5.35% (2022 est.); 3.6% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $11,500 (2023 est.); $11,200 (2022 est.); $10,800 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 73.3% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 21.8% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 26.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 43.4% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -66.2% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 7.7% (2023 est.)
Industry: 30% (2023 est.)
Services: 53.4% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: root vegetables, milk, maize, millet, grapes, beef, onions, wheat, fruits, pulses (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: mining, tourism, fishing, agriculture

Industrial production growth rate: 9.19% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 989,000 (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 19.42% (2023 est.); 19.75% (2022 est.); 20.88% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 38% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 37.4% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 38.8% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 17.4% (2015 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $3.998 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $4.535 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 27.17% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 4.64% of GDP (2019 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.47% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 5.88% (2023 est.); 6.08% (2022 est.); 3.62% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$1.848 billion (2023 est.); -$1.628 billion (2022 est.); -$1.391 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $5.641 billion (2023 est.); $5.314 billion (2022 est.); $4.341 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: South Africa 28%, Botswana 11%, China 10%, Zambia 5%, France 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: diamonds, gold, fish, radioactive chemicals, ships (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $8.281 billion (2023 est.); $7.423 billion (2022 est.); $6.467 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: South Africa 41%, China 7%, Nigeria 5%, India 4%, UAE 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, ships, copper ore, trucks, electricity (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $2.956 billion (2023 est.); $2.803 billion (2022 est.); $2.764 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 56.2% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 74.8%
Access electrification rural areas: 33.2%
Installed generating capacity: 646,000 kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 3.433 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 382 million kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 2.835 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 370.694 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 36.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 57.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Consumption: 32,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: (2022 est.) less than 1 metric ton
Imports: 33,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 350 million metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 25,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Proven reserves: 62.297 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 3.61 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 72,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 3.538 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 24.695 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 86,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 2.906 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.8% of GDP (2023 est.); 3% of GDP (2022 est.); 3% of GDP (2021 est.); 3.4% of GDP (2020 est.); 3.3% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2024)
Note: the Namibian Police Force is under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety, and Security; it has a paramilitary Special Field Force responsible for protecting borders and government installations

Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2024)
Note: as of 2022, women comprised about 23% of the active-duty military

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 602,893 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 26.29 million (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: V5

Airports: 255 (2024)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 48,875 km
Paved: 7,893 km
Unpaved: 40,982 km (2018)

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 6,288 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)

Illicit drugs