Map of Chad | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Central Africa, south of Libya

Geographic coordinates: 15 00 N, 19 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1.284 million km²
Land: 1,259,200 km²
Water: 24,800 km²
Comparative: almost nine times the size of New York state; slightly more than three times the size of California
Country comparison total: 6,406 km
Country comparison border countries: (6) Cameroon 1,116 km; Central African Republic 1,556 km; Libya 1,050 km; Niger 1,196 km; Nigeria 85 km; Sudan 1,403 km

Land boundaries
Total: 6,406 km
Border countries: (6) Cameroon 1,116 km; Central African Republic 1,556 km; Libya 1,050 km; Niger 1,196 km; Nigeria 85 km; Sudan 1,403 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical in south, desert in north

Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

Elevation
Highest point: Emi Koussi 3,445 m
Lowest point: Djourab 160 m
Mean elevation: 543 m

Natural resources: petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Land use
Agricultural land: 39.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 3.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 35.7% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 9.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 51.3% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 300 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 km²); Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 100 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 100 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 670 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 45.7 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Geography
Note 1: Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries
Note 2: not long ago, geologically speaking, what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the 'Green Sahara' exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site
Note 3: Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5,000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 km² (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea


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Population
Distribution: the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated as shown in this population distribution map
Total: 19,093,595
Male: 9,464,699
Female: 9,628,896 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 3.01% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 42.3% (2018 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Chadian(s)
Adjective: Chadian

Ethnic groups: Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 30.5%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 9.8%, Arab 9.7%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 5.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.9%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.7%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 3.5%, Mundang 2.7%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 2.5%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.4%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 1.8%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.2%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 1.1%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.1%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 0.8%, other 4.6%, unspecified 1.7% (2014-15 est.)

Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 languages and dialects
Major-language samples: Gheos World Guide une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French); دليل جيوس العالمي، المصدر الذي لا غنى عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 45.8% (male 4,428,132/female 4,323,398)
15-64 years: 51.7% (male 4,831,744/female 5,031,383)
65 years and over: 2.5% (2024 est.) (male 204,823/female 274,115)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 98.7
Youth dependency ratio: 94.7
Elderly dependency ratio: 4
Potential support ratio: 24.9 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 16.7 years (2024 est.)
Male: 16.3 years
Female: 17.2 years

Population growth rate: 3.01% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 39.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated as shown in this population distribution map

Urbanization
Urban population: 24.4% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.592 million N'DJAMENA (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas and poor farming practices contribute to soil and water pollution; desertification
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Marine Dumping-London Convention

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 41.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 1.02 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 30.69 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 18.1 years (2014/15 est.)
Note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Maternal mortality ratio: 1,063 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 68.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 56.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 60 years (2024 est.)
Male: 58.1 years
Female: 62 years

Total fertility rate: 5.24 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 8.1% (2019)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 90.2% of population
Unimproved rural: 48.1% of population
Unimproved total: 39.1% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 9.8% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 57.5% of population
Improved rural: 4.9% of population
Improved total: 17.3% of population
Unimproved urban: 42.5% of population
Unimproved rural: 95.1% of population
Unimproved total: 82.7% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 6.1% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 0.55 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 8.3% (2020 est.)
Male: 13.8% (2020 est.)
Female: 2.7% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 18.9% (2022)

Education expenditures: 2.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic
Total population: 26.8%
Male: 35.4%
Female: 18.2% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 7 years
Male: 9 years
Female: 6 years (2015)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 0.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Chad
Conventional short form: Chad
Local long form: République du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad
Local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Etymology: named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word 'tsade' means 'large body of water' or 'lake' in several local native languages
Note: the only country whose name is composed of a single syllable with a single vowel

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: N'Djamena
Geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: name taken from the Arab name of a nearby village, Nijamina, meaning 'place of rest'

Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (provinces, singular - province); Barh-El-Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi-Est, Mayo-Kebbi-Ouest, Moyen-Chari, N'Djamena, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Wadi-Fira

Dependent areas

Independence: 11 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted by National Transitional Council 27 June 2023, approved by referendum 17 December, verified by Chad Supreme Court 28 December, promulgated 1 January 2024
Amendments: previous process: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly

Legal system: mixed legal system of civil and customary law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Chad
Dual citizenship recognized: Chadian law does not address dual citizenship
Residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Mahamat Idriss DÉBY (since 6 May 2024)
Head of government: Prime Minister Allamaye HALINA (since 23 May 2024)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 6 May 2024 (next to be held NA)
Election results: 2024: Mahamat Idriss DÉBY elected president; percent of vote - Mahamat Idriss DÉBY (MPS) 61%, Succes MASRA (Transformers) 18.5%, Albert PADACKE 16.9%, other 3.6%; 2021: Lt. Gen. Idriss DÉBY reelected transitional president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DÉBY (MPS) 79.3%, Pahimi PADACKET Albert (RNDT) 10.3%, Lydie BEASSEMDA (Party for Democracy and Independence) 3.2%, other 7.2%
Note: on 20 April 2021; President Idriss DÉBY died of injuries sustained following clashes between government forces and insurgents in northern Chad; following his death, Mahamat Idriss DÉBY , his son, took control of the country, established a Transitional Military Council which was dissolved in October 2022, and was elected president by popular vote in May 2024

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament to replace unicameral National Assembly and to consist of: Senate - representing the Autonomous Communities - NA seats (members indirectly elected by electoral college of provincial and communal councilors for 6-year renewable terms), National Assembly NA seats (members directly elected by popular vote to serve 5-year renewable terms)
Elections: last held for National Assembly on 6 May 2011 (first elections for new Parliament expected in late 2024)
Elections results: 6 May 2011: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 64, women 29, percent of women 31.2%
Note: the Transitional Military Council dissolved the National Assembly in September 2021 and replaced it with the National Transitional Council (CNT) in October 2022; the CNT serves as an interim parliament for the country and is tasked with preparations for elections in late 2024

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Supreme Council of the Judiciary (consists of the Judiciary president, vice president and 13 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Supreme Council of the Judiciary - with the exception of the Judiciary president and vice president, members are elected for single renewable 4-year terms
Subordinate courts: High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace

Political parties and leaders: Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD, Federation Action for the Republic or FAR, National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP, National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR, Party for Unity and Reconstruction or PUR, Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS , Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP, Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening or RNDT/Le Reveil, Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA, Union for Democracy and the Republic or UDR, Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD, Transformers

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador KITOKO GATA Ngoulou (since 30 June 2023)
In the us chancery: 2,401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 652-1312
In the us fax: [1] (202) 578-0431
In the us email address and website: info@chadembassy.us; [link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Alexander LASKARIS (since 19 August 2022)
From the us embassy: Rond-Point Chagoua, B.P. 413, N’Djamena
From the us mailing address: 2,410 N'Djamena Place, Washington DC 20,521-2,410
From the us telephone: [235] 6,885-1065
From the us fax: [235] 2,253-9,102
From the us email address and website: NdjamenaACS@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow (gold) of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; gold represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice
Note: almost identical to the flag of Romania but with a darker shade of blue; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design based on the flag of France

National symbols: goat (north), lion (south); national colors: blue, yellow, red

National anthem
Name: 'La Tchadienne' (The Chadian)
Lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD
Note: adopted 1960

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 2 (1 natural, 1 mixed)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: oil-dependent economy challenged by market fluctuations, regional instability, refugee influx, and climate vulnerability; high levels of extreme poverty and food insecurity; recent growth driven by oil and agricultural recovery; debt-restructuring agreement under G20 Common Framework

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $32.446 billion (2023 est.); $31.161 billion (2022 est.); $30.311 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 4.12% (2023 est.); 2.8% (2022 est.); -1.17% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $1,800 (2023 est.); $1,800 (2022 est.); $1,800 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 74.6% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 25.8% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 43.5% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -48.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 25.1% (2023 est.)
Industry: 44.4% (2023 est.)
Services: 28.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: sorghum, groundnuts, millet, cereals, beef, sugarcane, yams, maize, cassava, milk (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: 3.27% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 5.806 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 1.08% (2023 est.); 1.1% (2022 est.); 1.51% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 1.5% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 2.1% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 0.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 42.3% (2018 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $2.29 billion (2020 est.)
Expenditures: $2.12 billion (2020 est.)

Taxes and other revenues: 13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Revenue
From forest resources: 3.81% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 10.84% (2023 est.); 5.79% (2022 est.); -0.77% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$558 million (2017 est.); -$926 million (2016 est.)

Exports: $6.503 billion (2022 est.); $4.565 billion (2021 est.); $2.863 billion (2020 est.)
Note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Germany 25%, China 21%, UAE 20%, Taiwan 12%, France 10% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: crude petroleum, gold, oil seeds, gum resins, cotton (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $5.028 billion (2022 est.); $5.211 billion (2021 est.); $4.502 billion (2020 est.)
Note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 25%, UAE 20%, France 7%, US 7%, Belgium 7% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: vaccines, jewelry, electric generators, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicine (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $211.591 million (2021 est.); $390.675 million (2020 est.); $310.032 million (2019 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external: $2.352 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 11.7% (2022 est.)
Access electrification urban areas: 46.3%
Access electrification rural areas: 1.3%
Installed generating capacity: 90,000 kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 301.523 million kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 48.261 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 94.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 124,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 15,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 1.5 billion barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions: 2.064 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 2.064 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 1.649 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 5,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 12.087 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 68 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 2.9% of GDP (2023 est.); 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.); 2.5% of GDP (2021 est.); 2.9% of GDP (2020 est.); 2% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Land Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), General Direction of the Security Services of State Institutions (Direction Generale des Services de Securite des Institutions de l'Etat, GDSSIE); National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Public Security and Immigration: National Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2023)
Note 1: the GDSSIE, formerly known as the Republican Guard, is the presidential guard force and is considered to be Chad's elite military unit; it is reportedly a division-sized force with infantry, armor, and special forces/anti-terrorism regiments (known as the Special Anti-Terrorist Group or SATG, aka Division of Special Anti-Terrorist Groups or DGSAT)
Note 2: the Chadian National Police are under the Ministry of Public Security and Immigration; border security duties are shared by the Army, Customs (Ministry of Public Security and Immigration), the Gendarmerie, and the GNNT

Military service age and obligation: 20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service for men with an 18-36 month service obligation (information varies); women are subject to 12 months of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; 18-35 for voluntary service (18-25 for officer recruits); soldiers released from active duty are in the reserves until the age of 50 (2023)

Space program

Terrorist groups: Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa (ISIS-WA)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 3

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: TT

Airports: 42 (2024)

Heliports

Pipelines: 582 km oil (2013)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 40,000 km (2018)
Note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved

Waterways: 12,400 km (2022) (Chari and Logone Rivers are navigable only in wet season) Chari is 11,400 km Legone is 1,000 km

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 694,569 (Sudan) (includes refugees since 15 April 2023), 26,692 (Cameroon) (2023); 134,015 (Central African Republic), 21,381 (Nigeria) (2024)
Idps: 215,918 (majority are in the east) (2023)

Illicit drugs: NA