Map of Croatia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background: The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics, including Croatia, under the strong hand of Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in 2009 and the EU in 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.


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Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Geographic coordinates: 45 10 N, 15 30 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 56,594 km²
Land: 55,974 km²
Water: 620 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia
Country comparison total: 2,237 km
Country comparison border countries: (5) Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; Hungary 348 km; Montenegro 19 km; Serbia 314 km; Slovenia 600 km

Land boundaries
Total: 2,237 km
Border countries: (5) Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; Hungary 348 km; Montenegro 19 km; Serbia 314 km; Slovenia 600 km

Coastline: 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Elevation
Highest point: Dinara 1,831 m
Lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 331 m

Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Land use
Agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 16% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 41.9% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 171 km² (2020)

Major rivers
By length in km: Dunav (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
By length in km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 km²)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 460 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 80 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 105.5 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes

Geography
Note: controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia -- some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks


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Population
Distribution: more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
Total: 4,150,116
Male: 2,003,431
Female: 2,146,685 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: -0.46% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 18% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
Adjective: Croatian
Note: the French designation of 'Croate' to Croatian mercenaries in the 17th century eventually became 'Cravate' and later came to be applied to the soldiers' scarves - the cravat; Croatia celebrates Cravat Day every 18 October

Ethnic groups: Croat 91.6%, Serb 3.2%, other 3.9% (including Bosniak, Romani, Albanian, Italian, and Hungarian), unspecified 1.3% (2021 est.)

Languages: Croatian (official) 95.2%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3.1% (including Bosnian, Romani, Albanian, and Italian) unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.)
Major-language samples: Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Roman Catholic 79%, Orthodox 3.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other Christian 4.8%, Muslim 1.3%, other 1.1%, agnostic 1.7%, none or atheist 4.7%, unspecified 3.9% (2021 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.8% (male 296,527/female 278,236)
15-64 years: 63.1% (male 1,307,814/female 1,309,394)
65 years and over: 23.1% (2024 est.) (male 399,090/female 559,055)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 56.5
Youth dependency ratio: 22.1
Elderly dependency ratio: 34.4
Potential support ratio: 2.9 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 45.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 43.2 years
Female: 47 years

Population growth rate: -0.46% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 8.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated

Urbanization
Urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 15.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 17.49 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 3.98 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 29 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 5 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 8.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 8.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 77.7 years (2024 est.)
Male: 74.6 years
Female: 81 years

Total fertility rate: 1.46 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA

Drinking water source
Improved urban: NA
Unimproved rural: NA
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: NA

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 5.5 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 99.5% of population
Improved rural: 98.4% of population
Improved total: 99% of population
Unimproved urban: 0.5% of population
Unimproved rural: 1.6% of population
Unimproved total: 1% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 24.4% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 9.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 4.75 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 3.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 1.37 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 36.9% (2020 est.)
Male: 37.6% (2020 est.)
Female: 36.1% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: NA

Education expenditures: 5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.4%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.2% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years
Male: 14 years
Female: 16 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 17.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 22.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
Conventional short form: Croatia
Local long form: Republika Hrvatska
Local short form: Hrvatska
Former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Etymology: name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D.

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Zagreb
Geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: the name seems to be related to 'digging'; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or graba and that the name derives from this; za in Slavic means 'beyond'; the overall meaning may be 'beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)'

Administrative divisions: 20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska (Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)

Dependent areas

Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Note: 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia; notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

National holiday: Statehood Day (National Day), 30 May (1990)
Note: marks the day in 1990 that the first modern multi-party Croatian parliament convened

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990
Amendments: proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014

Legal system: civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary
Note: Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 December 2019 with a runoff on 5 January 2020 (next to be held in 2024); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly
Election results: 2019: Zoran MILANOVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Zoran MILANOVIC (SDP) 52.7%, Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 47.3%; 2015: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last election held on 17 April 2024 (next to be held by April 2,028)
Elections results: percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 40.4%, SDP 27.8%, DP 9.3%, MOST 7.3%, We Can! 6.6%, SDSS 2.0%, Independents 1.3%, NPS 1.3%, IDS 1.3%, Bosniaks Together 0.7%, DZMH 0.7%, Focus 0.7%, SRRH 0.7%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 61, SDP 42, DP 14, MOST 11, We Can! 10, SDSS 3, Independents 2, NPS 2, IDS 2, Bosniaks Together 1, DZMH 1, Focus 1, SRRH 1; composition - men 101, women 50, percent of women 33%
Note: of the 151 seats, 140 members come from 10 multi-seat constituencies, with 3 members in a constituency for Croatian diaspora; voters belonging to recognized minorities elect an additional 8 members from a nationwide constituency: the Serb minority elects 3 members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)
Judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by the president of Croatia and elected by the Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by the National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70
Subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts
Note: there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside of the judicial system

Political parties and leaders: Bosniaks Together, The Bridge or MOST (formerly the Bridge of Independent Lists), Croatia Romani Union Kali Sara (SRRH), Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Croatia (DZMH), Focus or Fokus, Homeland Movement or DP (also known as Miroslav Škoro Homeland Movement or DPMS), Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS , Independent Platform of the North (NPS), Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS, Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP, We Can! or Mozemo!

International organization participation: AIIB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Pjer ŠIMUNOVIĆ (since 8 September 2017)
In the us chancery: 2,343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 588-5,899
In the us fax: [1] (202) 588-8,937
In the us email address and website: washington@mvep.hr; [link]
In the us consulates general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle (WA)
In the us consulates: Anchorage (AL), Houston, Kansas City (MO),Minneapolis/St. Paul (MN), New Orleans, Pittsburgh (PA)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Nathalie RAYES (since 25 January 2024)
From the us embassy: Ulica Thomasa Jeffersona 2, 10,010 Zagreb
From the us mailing address: 5,080 Zagreb Place, Washington DC 20,521-5,080
From the us telephone: [385] (1) 661-2,200
From the us fax: [385] (1) 665-8,933
From the us email address and website: ZagrebACS@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue - the Pan-Slav colors - superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms; the coat of arms consists of one main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver (white) fields) surmounted by five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the five small shields represent five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia
Note: the Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

National symbols: red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue

National anthem
Name: 'Lijepa nasa domovino' (Our Beautiful Homeland)
Lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN
Note: adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; 'Lijepa nasa domovino,' whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 10 (8 cultural, 2 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: tourism-based economy that was one of the hardest hit by COVID-19 economic disruptions; newest euro user since 2023, helping recover from a 6-year recession; public debt increases due to COVID-19 and stimulus packages; weak exports; continuing emigration; new liquefied natural gas import terminal

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $159.305 billion (2023 est.); $154.574 billion (2022 est.); $144.425 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 3.06% (2023 est.); 7.03% (2022 est.); 13.04% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $41,300 (2023 est.); $40,100 (2022 est.); $37,200 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 58% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 21.1% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 19.4% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 2.6% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 54% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -55.9% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 3% (2023 est.)
Industry: 18.8% (2023 est.)
Services: 61.2% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: maize, wheat, maize, sugar beets, milk, barley, soybeans, sunflower seeds, grapes, pork (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Industrial production growth rate: -0.47% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 1.744 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 6.06% (2023 est.); 6.96% (2022 est.); 7.61% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 19.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 17.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 22.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 18% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $3.678 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $3.662 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 21.41% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 82.08% of GDP (2022 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.26% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 7.94% (2023 est.); 10.78% (2022 est.); 2.55% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: $956.968 million (2023 est.); -$2.336 billion (2022 est.); $651.685 million (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $44.969 billion (2023 est.); $41.903 billion (2022 est.); $34.367 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Italy 13%, Slovenia 11%, Germany 11%, Hungary 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: refined petroleum, electricity, natural gas, garments, wood (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $46.571 billion (2023 est.); $46.664 billion (2022 est.); $36.256 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Italy 14%, Germany 12%, Slovenia 11%, Hungary 7%, US 7% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: natural gas, refined petroleum, electricity, garments, cars (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $3.176 billion (2023 est.); $29.726 billion (2022 est.); $28.309 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:
Note: Croatia used the kuna prior to conversion to the euro on 1 January 2023. During the transition period the exchange rate was fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro.


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 5.417 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 17.111 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 7.226 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 11.92 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 1.729 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 36.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 16.2% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 38.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 7.5% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Consumption: 702,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 1,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 702,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 70,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 71 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 741.456 million m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 2.502 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Exports: 1.038 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Imports: 3.006 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 24.919 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 15.944 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 1.563 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 9.474 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 4.907 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 78.371 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 1.235 million (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 4.48 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 1.8% of GDP (2024 est.); 1.8% of GDP (2023); 1.8% of GDP (2022); 2% of GDP (2021); 1.7% of GDP (2020)

Military and security forces: Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (Oruzane Snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH): Ground Forces (Hrvatska Kopnena Vojska, HKoV), Naval Forces (Hrvatska Ratna Mornarica, HRM; includes Coast Guard), Air Force (Hrvatsko Ratno Zrakoplovstvo, HRZ) (2024)
Note: the Ministry of the Interior is responsible for internal security, including law enforcement (Croatia Police) and border security

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 but slated to be reinstated in January 2025 (2024)
Note: as of 2024, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 18
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,093,577 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 530,000 (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 9A

Airports: 40 (2024)

Heliports: 4 (2024)

Pipelines: 2,410 km gas, 610 km oil (2011)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 26,958 km (2022)

Waterways: 4,714 km (2022) Danube 2,859 km, Sava 562 km, Drava 505 km, Neretva 20 km, Bosut 151 km, Kupa 296 km, Mura 53 km, Korana 134 km, Lonja 134 km

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 24,525 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)
Stateless persons: 2,889 (2022)
Note: 843,010 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2023)

Illicit drugs: drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets