Map of Georgia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024 | More stats

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Background:


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Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe
Note: Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Geographic coordinates: 42 00 N, 43 30 E

Map reference: Asia

Area
Total: 69,700 km²
Land: 69,700 km²
Water: 0 km²
Note: approximately 12,560 km², or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Comparative: slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
Country comparison total: 1,814 km
Country comparison border countries: (4) Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km

Land boundaries
Total: 1,814 km
Border countries: (4) Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km

Coastline: 310 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Terrain: largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

Elevation
Highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m
Lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 1,432 m

Natural resources: timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Land use
Agricultural land: 35.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 39.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 25.1% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 4,330 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 610 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 340 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 710 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 63.33 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: earthquakes

Geography
Note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them
Note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)


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Population
Distribution: settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
Total: 4,900,961
Male: 2,343,068
Female: 2,557,893 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: -0.5% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 15.6% (2022 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Georgian(s)
Adjective: Georgian

Ethnic groups: Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)

Languages: Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)
Major-language samples: მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882)
15-64 years: 62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637)
65 years and over: 16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 55.4
Youth dependency ratio: 32.8
Elderly dependency ratio: 22.6
Potential support ratio: 4.4 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 38.3 years (2024 est.)
Male: 35.9 years
Female: 40.6 years

Population growth rate: -0.5% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 13.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

Urbanization
Urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Major urban areas
Population: 1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 19.06 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 10.13 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 6.05 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 25.9 years (2019 est.)
Note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Maternal mortality ratio: 28 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 19.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 72.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 68.7 years
Female: 77.2 years

Total fertility rate: 1.95 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 40.6% (2018)

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 99.4% of population
Unimproved rural: 5.7% of population
Unimproved total: 2.7% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0.6% of population

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density: 2.9 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 96.3% of population
Improved rural: 72.7% of population
Improved total: 86.7% of population
Unimproved urban: 3.7% of population
Unimproved rural: 27.3% of population
Unimproved total: 13.3% of population (2020 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 21.7% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 31.7% (2020 est.)
Male: 56.3% (2020 est.)
Female: 7.1% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.1% (2018)

Education expenditures: 3.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.6%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.5% (2019)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 16 years
Male: 16 years
Female: 16 years (2021)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 30.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 28.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 32.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment


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Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Georgia
Local long form: Republic of Georgia
Local short form: Sak'art'velo
Former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Etymology: the Western name may derive from the Persian designation 'gurgan' meaning 'Land of the Wolves'; the native name 'Sak'art'velo' means 'Land of the Kartvelians' and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Tbilisi
Geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E
Time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: the name in Georgian means 'warm place,' referring to the numerous sulfuric hot springs in the area

Administrative divisions: 9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika); regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli
Note: the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti; city: Tbilisi; autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)
Note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses
Note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to be part of Georgia

Dependent areas

Independence: 9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)

National holiday: Independence Day, 26 May (1918)
Note: 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union

Constitution
History: previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995
Amendments: proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia; amended several times, last in 2020 (legislative electoral system revised)

Legal system: civil law system

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Salome ZOURABICHVILI (since 16 December 2018)
Head of government: Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 November 2018 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president
Note: Irakli GARIBASHVILI resigned on 29 January 2024 to prepare for general elections in October 2024
Election results: 2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10; 2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2; resigned on January 29, 2024

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Parliament or Sakartvelos Parlamenti (150 seats statutory, 140 as of October 2024); 120 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed, party-list proportional representation vote and 30 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by at least 50% majority vote, with a runoff if needed; no party earning less than 40% of total votes may claim a majority; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held on 26 October 2024
Elections results: percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 53.9%, the Coalition for Change 11%, Unity-National Movement 10.2%, Strong Georgia 8.8%, Gakharia for Georgia 7.8%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 89, Coalition for Change 19, Unity-National Movement 16, Strong Georgia 14, Gakharia for Georgia 12

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts

Political parties and leaders: Citizens, European Socialists, For Georgia, Georgian Dream, Girchi, Law and Justice, Lelo for Georgia, National Democratic Party, People's Power, Progress and Freedom, Republican Party, State for the People, Strategy Aghmashenebeli, United National Movement or UNM, Victorious Georgia

International organization participation: ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador David ZALKALIANI (since 7 June 2022)
In the us chancery: 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 387-2,390
In the us fax: [1] (202) 387-0864
In the us email address and website: embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge; [link]
In the us consulates general: New York, San Francisco
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Robin L. DUNNIGAN (since 12 October 2023)
From the us embassy: 29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131
From the us mailing address: 7,060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC 20,521-7,060
From the us telephone: [995] (32) 227-70-00
From the us fax: [995] (32) 253-23-10
From the us email address and website: askconsultbilisi@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag; although adopted as the official Georgian flag in 2004, the five-cross design is based on a 14th century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia

National symbols: Saint George, lion; national colors: red, white

National anthem
Name: 'Tavisupleba' (Liberty)
Lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)
Note: adopted 2004; after the Rose Revolution, a new anthem with music based on the operas 'Abesalom da Eteri' and 'Daisi' was adopted

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 4 (3 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected world heritage site locales:


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Economy overview: main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products, such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $83.656 billion (2023 est.); $77.838 billion (2022 est.); $70.151 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: 7.47% (2023 est.); 10.96% (2022 est.); 10.64% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $22,200 (2023 est.); $21,000 (2022 est.); $18,900 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 68.9% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 12.7% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 21.5% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 4.5% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 49.4% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -56.9% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 6% (2023 est.)
Industry: 19% (2023 est.)
Services: 61.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: milk, grapes, potatoes, wheat, maize, apples, watermelons, barley, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine

Industrial production growth rate: 6.15% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 1.853 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 11.62% (2023 est.); 11.66% (2022 est.); 11.79% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 30.2% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 28.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 32.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 15.6% (2022 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $6.712 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $6.23 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 22.9% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 42.97% of GDP (2022 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.07% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.49% (2023 est.); 11.9% (2022 est.); 9.57% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance: -$1.326 billion (2023 est.); -$1.12 billion (2022 est.); -$1.943 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $15.161 billion (2023 est.); $13.24 billion (2022 est.); $8.086 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 11%, Azerbaijan 10%, Russia 9%, Armenia 8%, Bulgaria 7% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: copper ore, cars, fertilizers, iron alloys, wine (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $17.791 billion (2023 est.); $15.665 billion (2022 est.); $11.151 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Turkey 17%, Russia 12%, China 8%, US 8%, Germany 5% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: cars, refined petroleum, natural gas, packaged medicine, copper ore (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $5.002 billion (2023 est.); $4.886 billion (2022 est.); $4.271 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Debt external: $6.976 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 4.128 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 13.902 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 4.131 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 4.693 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 905.421 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 23.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 75.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Production: 256,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Consumption: 516,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 100 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 241,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 900.999 million metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 300 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 32,000 bbl/day (2022 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 35 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 8.76 million m³ (2022 est.)
Consumption: 2.796 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Imports: 2.787 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Proven reserves: 8.495 billion m³ (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 10.958 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 1.157 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 4.34 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 5.46 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 58.044 million Btu/person (2022 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 301,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 5.844 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2022 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.); 1.8% of GDP (2020 est.); 1.8% of GDP (2019 est.)

Military and security forces: Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia or DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, National Guard, Special Operations Forces, National Guard; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Border Police, Coast Guard (includes Georgian naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2024)
Note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs also has forces for protecting strategic infrastructure and conducting special operations

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2024)
Note 1: approximately 6-7,000 individuals are called up annually for conscription for service; conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections
Note 2: as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 4 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 516,034 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 750,000 (2018) mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 4L

Airports: 19 (2024)

Heliports: 4 (2024)

Pipelines: 1,596 km gas, 1,175 km oil (2013)

Railways

Roadways
Total: 40,044 km (2021)

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 26,660 (Ukraine) (as of 30 December 2023)
Idps: 308,000 (displaced in the 1990s as a result of armed conflict in the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia; displaced in 2008 by fighting between Georgia and Russia over South Ossetia) (2022)
Stateless persons: 530 (2022)

Illicit drugs: a transit country for opiates produced in Asia trafficked into Ukraine or Moldova via the Black Sea for other European destinations; not a major corridor for synthetic drug smuggling operations; domestic synthetic market for ecstasy/MDMA, amphetamines, and cannabis with ecstasy laced with fentanyl the drug of choice