Map of Hungary | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called 'Goulash Communism.' Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 93,028 km²
Land: 89,608 km²
Water: 3,420 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana

Land boundaries
Total: 2,106 km
Border countries (7): (7) Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

Elevation
Highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
Mean elevation: 143 m

Natural resources

Land use
Agricultural land: 55.7% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
Permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
Forest: 22.7% (2023 est.)
Other: 20.9% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land: 1,331 km² (2022)

Major rivers: Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
Note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: landlocked; strategic location on main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean basin; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions


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Population
Total: 9,855,745 (2024 est.)
Male: 4,812,668
Female: 5,043,077
Distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Growth rate: -0.28% (2024 est.)

Nationality

Ethnic groups

Languages: Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)
Major-language sample(s): ; A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian); The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language

Religions: Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 56.4 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)

Median age
Total: 44.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 42.8 years
Female: 46.7 years

Population growth rate: -0.28% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 9.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 14.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Urbanization
Urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)

Environment

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio: 12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 5 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76 years (2024 est.)
Male: 72.9 years
Female: 79.3 years

Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment
Rate (ages 15-24): 4.5% (2024 est.); 4.2% (2023 est.); 3.7% (2022 est.)
Rate (ages 15-24) note: % of labor force seeking employment


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Country name

Government type

Capital
Name: Budapest
Geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning 'water;' Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning 'furnace' or 'oven'

Administrative divisions: 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
Counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
Cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
Capital city: Budapest

Dependent areas

Independence

National holiday

Constitution

Legal system: civil system influenced by the German model

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction

Citizenship

Suffrage

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
Head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
Election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
Most recent election date: president: 26 February 2024
Prime minister: April or May 2,027
2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5
2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51
Expected date of next election: president: spring 2,029

Legislative branch
Legislature name: National Assembly (Országgyülés)
Legislative structure: unicameral
Chamber name: National Assembly (Orszaggyules)
Number of seats: 199 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: mixed system
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 4 years
Most recent election date: 4/3/2022
Parties elected and seats per party: Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)
Percentage of women in chamber: 15.6%
Expected date of next election: April 2026

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

National symbols

National anthem
Title: 'Himnusz' (Hymn)
Lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
History: adopted 1844

National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales:


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 0.5% (2024 est.); -0.8% (2023 est.); 4.3% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: 0.5% (2024 est.); -0.8% (2023 est.); 4.3% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 49.1% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 19.9% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 25.6% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.3% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 80.8% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -76.3% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.4% (2024 est.)
Industry: 23.9% (2024 est.)
Services: 59.7% (2024 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products

Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Industrial production growth rate: -2.5% (2024 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 4.954 million (2024 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 4.5% (2024 est.); 4.2% (2023 est.); 3.7% (2022 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate (ages 15-24): 4.5% (2024 est.); 4.2% (2023 est.); 3.7% (2022 est.)
Rate (ages 15-24) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $69.793 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $166.503 billion (2024 est.); $173.034 billion (2023 est.); $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $154.077 billion (2024 est.); $163.192 billion (2023 est.); $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity
Installed generating capacity: 14.829 million kW (2023 est.)
Consumption: 42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Exports: 8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports: 19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Access electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal
Production: 4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption: 4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports: 115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption: 8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports: 8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven reserves: 3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 40.161 million metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 3.373 million metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 20.887 million metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 15.901 million metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 2.693 million (2023 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 10.2 million (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet
Users percent of population: 92% (2024 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 3.56 million (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2023 est.)


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Military expenditures: 2.1% of GDP (2025 est.); 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.); 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.); 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 109 (2025)

Heliports: 15 (2025)

Pipelines

Railways
Total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine
Total: 1 (2023)
By type: other 1

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs