Map of Monaco | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, coastal Mediterranean scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world-famous as a tourist and recreation center.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 2 km²
Land: 2 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries
Total: 6 km
Border countries (1): (1) France 6 km

Coastline: 4.1 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm

Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky

Elevation
Highest point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m
Lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Natural resources

Land use
Agricultural land: 0% (2022 est.)
Arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
Permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
Forest: 0% (2022 est.)
Other: 100% (2022 est.)

Irrigated land: 0 km² (2022)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: none

Geography
Note: second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban


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Population
Total: 31,813 (2024 est.)
Male: 15,366
Female: 16,447
Distribution: the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 km² (0.8 sq mi)
Growth rate: 0.71% (2024 est.)

Nationality

Ethnic groups

Languages: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Major-language sample(s): ; The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French); The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 9.1% (male 1,485/female 1,408)
15-64 years: 53.8% (male 8,620/female 8,490)
65 years and over: 37.1% (2024 est.) (male 5,261/female 6,549)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 85.9 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 16.9 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 69 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 1.4 (2024 est.)

Median age
Total: 56.9 years (2024 est.)
Male: 55 years
Female: 58.4 years

Population growth rate: 0.71% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 6.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution: the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 km² (0.8 sq mi)

Urbanization
Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)

Environment

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio: 5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 1.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 2 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 89.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 86 years
Female: 93.7 years

Total fertility rate: 1.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name

Government type

Capital
Name: Monaco
Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)

Administrative divisions: no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Note: Moneghetti, part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the fifth quarter of Monaco

Dependent areas

Independence

National holiday

Constitution

Legal system: civil law system influenced by French legal tradition

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship

Suffrage

Executive branch
Chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
Head of government: Minister of State Christophe MIRMAND (since 21 July 2025)
Cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
Election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government

Legislative branch
Legislature name: National Council (Conseil national)
Legislative structure: unicameral
Number of seats: 24 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 5 years
Most recent election date: 2/5/2023
Parties elected and seats per party: Monegasque National Union - l’Union (24)
Percentage of women in chamber: 45.8%
Expected date of next election: February 2,028

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white

National symbols

National anthem
Title: 'A Marcia de Muneghu' (The March of Monaco)
Lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
History: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as 'Hymne Monegasque' (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions

National heritage


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 5% (2023 est.); 11% (2022 est.); 22.2% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: 5% (2023 est.); 11% (2022 est.); 22.2% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Industry: 11.5% (2023 est.)
Services: 88.5% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products

Industries: banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate

Labor force

Unemployment rate

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports
Commodities: jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021); top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports
Commodities: jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity
Access electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 43,000 (2023 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 41,000 (2023 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet
Users percent of population: 99% (2023 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 22,000 (2023 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2023 est.)


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports: 3 (2025)

Pipelines

Railways
Note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine
Total: 1

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs