Map of San Marino | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 61 km²
Land: 61 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries
Total: 37 km
Border countries (1): (1) Italy 37 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Terrain: rugged mountains

Elevation
Highest point: Monte Titano 739 m
Lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Natural resources

Land use
Agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)
Other: 45% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land: 0 km² (2022)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: occasional earthquakes

Geography
Note: landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains


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Population
Total: 35,095 (2024 est.)
Male: 16,944
Female: 18,151
Growth rate: 0.57% (2024 est.)

Nationality

Ethnic groups

Languages: Italian
Major-language sample(s): ; L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian); The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Roman Catholic

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387)
15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 55.5 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 33.4 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)

Median age
Total: 46.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 44.5 years
Female: 47.4 years

Population growth rate: 0.57% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Environment

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio: 8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.)
Male: 81.7 years
Female: 87 years

Total fertility rate: 1.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access
Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name

Government type

Capital
Name: San Marino (city)
Geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Dependent areas

Independence

National holiday

Constitution

Legal system: civil law system with Italian civil law influences

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

Suffrage

Executive branch
Chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
Election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term
Most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025
Secretary of state: 28 December 2019
2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
Expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025
Note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch
Legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)
Legislative structure: unicameral
Number of seats: 60 (all directly elected)
Electoral system: proportional representation
Scope of elections: full renewal
Term in office: 5 years
Most recent election date: 6/9/2024
Parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)
Percentage of women in chamber: 35%
Expected date of next election: June 2,029

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

National symbols

National anthem
Title: 'Inno Nazionale della Repubblica' (National Anthem of the Republic)
Lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO
History: adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales:


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Economy overview

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 7.9% (2022 est.); 13.9% (2021 est.); -6.6% (2020 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: 7.9% (2022 est.); 13.9% (2021 est.); -6.6% (2020 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.)
Government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.)
Investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0% (2022 est.)
Industry: 37.6% (2022 est.)
Services: 55.1% (2022 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products

Industries: tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Industrial production growth rate: 10.7% (2022 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force

Unemployment rate

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $841.03 million (2023 est.)
Expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $3.616 billion (2022 est.); $3.23 billion (2021 est.); $2.439 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $3.169 billion (2022 est.); $2.94 billion (2021 est.); $2.232 billion (2020 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity
Access electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2022 est.)

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet
Users percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 12,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 1 (2025)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs