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Background: Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975.

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area

Land boundaries: 5,198 km total; Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Coastline: 1,600 km

Maritime claims

Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Land use: 2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 23% meadows and pastures; 43% forest and woodland; 32% other

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Democratic Republic of the Congo


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Population: 8,534,483 (July 1990), growth rate 2.9% (1990)

Nationality: noun--Angolan(s; adjective--Angolan

Ethnic groups: 37% Ovimbundu, 25% Kimbundu, 13% Bakongo, 2% Mestico, 1% European

Languages: Portuguese (official; various Bantu dialects

Religions: 47% indigenous beliefs, 38% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant (est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 47 births/1000 population (1990)

Death rate: 20 deaths/1000 population (1990)

Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1000 population (1990)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on plateau; desertification

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 158 deaths/1000 live births (1990)

Life expectancy at birth: 42 years male, 46 years female (1990)

Total fertility rate: 6.7 children born/woman (1990)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hivaids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 41%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name: conventional long form: People's Republic of Angola

Government type: Marxist people's republic

Capital: Luanda

Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular--provincia; Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Dependent areas

Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Constitution: 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978 and 11 August 1980

Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, but being modified along socialist lines

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

Executive branch: Chief of State and Head of Government--President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)

Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense; paramilitary forces--People's Defense Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard, Popular Vigilance Brigades

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: none

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80-90% of the population, but accounts for only 10-20% of GDP. Oil production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an internal war has severely affected the economy and food has to be imported.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: cash crops--coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco; food crops--cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports

Industries: petroleum, mining (phosphate rock, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, food processing, building construction

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force:

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues NA; expenditures $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1986 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.)
Commodities: oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
Partners: US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.)
Commodities: capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries
Partners: US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $3.0 billion (1989)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: kwanza (Kz) per US$1--29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)


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Electricity
Capacity: 506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1989)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: NA

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 317 total, 184 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 60 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: 1,295 km navigable

Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: civil war since independence on 11 November 1975

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs