Background: Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.

Area
Total: 54 km²
Land: 54 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Land boundaries
Total: 0 km

Coastline: 103 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions

Elevation
Highest point: Town Hill 79 m
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Land use
Agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.)
Permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
Forest: 14.4% (2023 est.)
Other: 80% (2023 est.)

Irrigated land: NA

Natural hazards: hurricanes (June to November)

Geography
Note: the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995

Population
Total: 72,800 (2024 est.)
Male: 35,401
Female: 37,399
Distribution: relatively even population distribution throughout
Growth rate: 0.3% (2024 est.)

Languages: English (official), Portuguese

Religions: Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)

Age structure
0-14 years: 16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817)
15-64 years: 60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113)
65 years and over: 22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 64.1 (2024 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 26.9 (2024 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 37.2 (2024 est.)
Potential support ratio: 2.7 (2024 est.)

Median age
Total: 43.8 years (2024 est.)
Male: 41.5 years
Female: 46.3 years

Population growth rate: 0.3% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 10.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: relatively even population distribution throughout

Urbanization
Urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.)
Male: 79.4 years
Female: 85.7 years

Total fertility rate: 1.88 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Drinking water source
Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Capital
Name: Hamilton
Geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794

Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick

Legal system: English common law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Executive branch
Chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025)
Head of government: Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)
Cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor
Election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier

Legislative branch
Legislature name: Parliament
Legislative structure: bicameral

Flag description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship 'Sea Venture'

National anthem
Title: 'God Save the King'
Lyrics/music: unknown
History: official anthem, as a UK territory

National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry
Selected World Heritage Site locales:

Real gdp growth rate: 2.1% (2024 est.); 4.9% (2023 est.); 6.5% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: 2.1% (2024 est.); 4.9% (2023 est.); 6.5% (2022 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 45.6% (2024 est.)
Government consumption: 11% (2024 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 11.3% (2024 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 56.3% (2024 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -24.2% (2024 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Industry: 4.6% (2023 est.)
Services: 91.5% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Industries: international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Industrial production growth rate: -3.6% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Budget
Revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)

Exports: $1.599 billion (2023 est.); $1.425 billion (2022 est.); $1.136 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $2.3 billion (2023 est.); $2.235 billion (2022 est.); $1.925 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Commodities: ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Electricity
Installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2023 est.)
Consumption: 590.38 million kWh (2023 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)
Access electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Coal
Consumption: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)

Petroleum
Refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 9 metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO&sub2; (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 25,000 (2021 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 68,000 (2021 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 106 (2021 est.)

Internet
Users percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 23,000 (2022 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Airports: 1 (2025)

Merchant marine
Total: 122 (2023)
By type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99