Background: Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives.

Land boundaries: 2,698 km total; Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked

Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August; semiarid in northeast

Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt

Land use: 23% arable land; 9% permanent crops; 25% meadows and pastures; 30% forest and woodland; 13% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Geography
Note: landlocked

Population: 17,007,530 (July 1989), growth rate 3.4% (1989)

Nationality: noun - Ugandan(s; adjective - Ugandan

Ethnic groups: 99% African, 1% European, Asian, Arab

Languages: English (official; Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages

Religions: 33% Roman Catholic, 33% Protestant, 16% Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs

Birth rate: 49 births/1000 population (1989)

Death rate: 15 deaths/1000 population (1989)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1989)

Environment
Current issues: straddles Equator; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion

Infant mortality rate: 99 deaths/1000 live births (1989)

Life expectancy at birth: 49 years male, 51 years female (1989)

Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1989)

Literacy: 52%

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Uganda

Government type: republic

Capital: Kampala

Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Busoga, Central, Eastern, Karamoja, Nile, North Buganda, Northern, South Buganda, Southern, Western

Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Constitution: 8 September 1967, suspended following coup of 27 July 1985; in process of constitutional revision

Legal system: government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage: universal adult

Executive branch: Chief of State President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986; Head of Government Prime Minister Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since 30 January 1986; First Deputy Prime Minister Eriya KATEGAYA (since NA)

Legislative branch: National Resistance Army (NRA)

International organization participation: AfDB, CCC, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB - Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI; 5,909 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20,011; telephone (202) 726-7,100 through 7,102; US - Ambassador John A. BURROUGHS, Jr.; Embassy at British High Commission Building, Obote Avenue, Kampala (mailing address is P. O. Box 7,007, Kampala; telephone Õ256å (41) 259,791

Flag description: six equal horizonal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side

Economy overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and substantial mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. For most of the past 15 years the economy has been devastated by political instability, mismanagement, and civil war, keeping Uganda poor with a per capita income below $300. (GDP remains below the levels of the early 1970s, as does industrial production.) Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounted for 93% of export revenues in 1986. Since 1986 the government has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing petroleum prices, and doubling civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over 300% in 1987, and boosting export earnings.

Agriculture products: coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, fish, livestock

Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement

Industrial production growth rate: 14.5% (1987 est.)

Labor force: 4,500,000 (est.), 94% subsistence activities, 6% wage earners (est.), 50% of population of working age (1983)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Budget: revenues $470 million; expenditures $790 million, including capital expenditures of $265 million (FY88)

Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

Exports: $414 million (f.o.b., FY87 est.)
Commodities: coffee 93%, cotton, tea
Partners: US 27%, UK 14%, France, Spain

Imports: $492 million (c.i.f., FY87 est.)
Commodities: petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food
Partners: Kenya 39%, UK 17%, Japan 7%

Debt external: $1.1 billion (1988)

Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 200.00 (March 1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00 (1986), 6.72 (1985)

Electricity
Capacity: 173,000 kW capacity; 312 million kWh produced, 18 kWh per capita (1988)

Military expenditures
Dollar figure: NA

Airports: 39 total, 33 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria

Merchant marine: 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,697 GRT