Statistics Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Bosnia and Herzegovina in the World
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: Bosnia and Herzegovina is suffering from interethnic civil strife which began in March 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to a "greater Serbia." Since the onset of the conflict, which has driven thousands from their homes, both the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Croats have asserted control of large areas formerly under the control of the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN and the EU are trying to mediate a plan for peace.
Land boundaries: 1,369 km; Croatia (northwest) 751 km, Croatia (south) 91 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km
Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: NA nm
Continental shelf: 20-meter depth
Exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes:
Serbia and Croatia seek to cantonize Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Muslim majority being forced from many areas
Muslim majority being forced from many areas
Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Natural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium, lead, zinc
Land use: 20% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 25% meadows and pastures; 36% forest and woodland; 16% other; includes 1% irrigated
Bosnia and Herzegovina - People 1992
top of pageEnvironment
Current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes
Current issues note:
Controls large percentage of important land routes from Western
Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Government 1992
top of pageBosnia and Herzegovina - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to Macedonia as the poorest component in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist central planning and management. Tito had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As of April 1992, the newly independent republic was being torn apart by bitter interethnic warfare that has caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. The survival of the republic as a political and economic unit is in doubt. Both Serbia and Croatia have imposed various economic blockades and may permanently take over large areas populated by fellow ethnic groups.
These areas contain most of the industry. If a much smaller core Muslim state survives, it will share many Third World problems of poverty, technological backwardness, and dependence on historically soft foreign markets for its primary products. In these circumstances, other Muslim countries might offer assistance.
These areas contain most of the industry. If a much smaller core Muslim state survives, it will share many Third World problems of poverty, technological backwardness, and dependence on historically soft foreign markets for its primary products. In these circumstances, other Muslim countries might offer assistance.
GDP: $14 billion; real growth rate --37% (1991)
Agriculture products: accounted for 8.6% of national income in 1989; regularly produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive
Industries: steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances), oil refining
Industrial production growth rate: sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare (1991-92)
Budget: revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (19_)
Exports: $2,054 million (1990)
Commodoties: manufactured goods (31%), machinery and transport equipment (20.8%), raw materials (18%), miscellaneous manufactured articles (17.3%), chemicals (9.4%), fuel and lubricants (1.4%), food and live animals (1.2%)
Partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics
Imports: $1,891 million (1990)
Commodoties: fuels and lubricants (32%), machinery and transport equipment (23.3%), other manufactures (21.3%), chemicals (10%), raw materials (6.7%), food and live animals (5.5%), beverages and tobacco (1.9%)
Partners: principally the other former Yugoslav republics
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity
Production: 14,400 million kW capacity; NA million kWh produced, 3,303 kWh per capita (1991)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Communication 1992
top of pageBosnia and Herzegovina - Military 1992
top of pageBosnia and Herzegovina - Transportation 1992
top of pageAirports:
2 main, NA usable; NA with permanent-surface runways; NA with runways over 3,659 m; NA
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; NA
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Merchant marine: NA ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling NA GRT/NA DWT; includes NA cargo, NA container, NA liquefied gas, NA petroleum tanker
Civil air: NA major transport aircraft
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transnational issues 1992
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