Background: Long isolated and impoverished mountainous Andorra has achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.

Map reference: Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Area
Total: 450 km²
Land: 450 km²

Land boundaries: total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers

Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Land use
Arable land: 2%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 56%
Forest and woodland: 22%
Other: 20%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Population: 61,962 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 3.27% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Andorran(s)
Adjective: Andorran

Ethnic groups: Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%

Languages: Catalan (official), French, Castilian
Total population: NA%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%

Religions: Roman Catholic (predominant)

Population growth rate: 3.27% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 13.78 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 6.99 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: 25.92 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation, overgrazing
Current issues note: landlocked

Infant mortality rate: 8.1 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)
Total population: 78.22 years
Male: 75.35 years
Female: 81.34 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Country name
Conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
Conventional short form: Andorra
Local long form: Principat d'Andorra
Local short form: Andorra

Government type:

Capital: Andorra la Vella

Administrative divisions:

Independence: 1278

Constitution: Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993; to take effect within 15 days

Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal

Executive branch: two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council

Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Valls)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases

International organization participation: INTERPOL, IOC

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Andorra has no mission in the US
From the us: Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center

Economy overview: The mainstay of Andorra's economy is tourism. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes significantly to the economy. Agricultural production of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Although it is a member of the EC customs union, it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.

Real gdp growth rate: NA% (1992 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $14,000 (1992 est.)

Agriculture products: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate NA%

Labor force: NA

Unemployment rate: 0%

Budget: revenues $119.4 million; expenditures $190 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Exports: $23 million (f.o.b., 1989)
Commodoties: electricity, tobacco products, furniture
Partners: France, Spain

Imports: $888.7 million (f.o.b., 1989)
Commodoties: consumer goods, food
Partners: France, Spain

Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988; Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 114.59 (January 1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988)

Electricity
Production: 35,000 kW capacity; 140 million kWh produced, 2,570 kWh per capita (1992)

Disputes international: none