Background: Long isolated and impoverished mountainous Andorra has achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total area total: 450 km²
Land: 450 km²
Comparative: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries: total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

Land use
Arable land: 2%
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 56%
Forest and woodland: 22%
Other: 20%

Irrigated land: NA km²

Geography
Note: defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Population: 65,780 (July 1995 est.)
Growth rate: 2.72% (1995 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Andorran(s)
Adjective: Andorran

Ethnic groups: Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%

Languages: Catalan (official), French, Castilian

Religions: Roman Catholic (predominant)

Age structure
0-14 years: 18% (female 5,503; male 5,985)
15-64 years: 70% (female 21,873; male 24,334)
65 years and over: 12% (female 4,020; male 4,065) (July 1995 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.72% (1995 est.)

Birth rate: 12.92 births/1000 population (1995 est.)

Death rate: 7.25 deaths/1000 population (1995 est.)

Net migration rate: 21.53 migrant(s)/1000 population (1995 est.)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion
Current issues natural hazards: snowslides, avalanches
Current issues international agreements: NA

Infant mortality rate: 7.7 deaths/1000 live births (1995 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 78.52 years
Male: 75.65 years
Female: 81.66 years (1995 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.72 children born/woman (1995 est.)

Literacy: NA%

Country name
Conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
Conventional short form: Andorra
Local long form: Principat d'Andorra
Local short form: Andorra

Government type: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a co-principality; the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers

Capital: Andorra la Vella

Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia; Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

Independence: 1278

National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

Constitution: Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993

Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chiefs of state: French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); note - COURTOIS is to become French ambassador to Libreville and his replacement has not been announced; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata (since NA); two permanent delegates (French Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, since NA, and Spanish Vicar General Nemesi MARQUES Oste for the Seo de Urgel diocese, since NA)
Head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE (since 21 December 1994) elected by Parliament, following resignation of Oscar RIBAS Reig
Cabinet: Executive Council; designated by the executive council president

Legislative branch: unicameral
General Council of the Valleys: (Consell General de las Valls); elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); yielded no clear winner; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA

Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases

International organization participation: ECE, IFRCS (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, UN, UNESCO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Andorra has no mission in the US
From the us: Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center

Economy overview: Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union; it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status.

Real gdp growth rate: NA%

Real gdp per capita: $14,000 (1992 est.)

Agriculture products: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: NA

Unemployment rate: 0%

Budget
Revenues: $138 million
Expenditures: $177 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
Commodoties: electricity, tobacco products, furniture
Partners: France, Spain

Imports: $NA
Commodoties: consumer goods, food
Partners: France, Spain

Debt external: $NA

Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5,5,520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990; Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 132.61 (January 1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990)

Electricity
Capacity: 35,000 kW
Production: 140 million kWh
Production consumption per capita: 2,570 kWh (1992)

Telephone system: 17,700 telephones; digital microwave network
Local: NA
Intercity: NA
International: landline circuits to France and Spain

Airports: none

Disputes international: none