Background: Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize (formerly British Honduras) until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. The country remains plagued by high unemployment growing involvement in the South American drug trade and increasing urban crime.

Geographic coordinates: 17 15 N 88 45 W

Map reference: Central America and the Caribbean

Area
Total: 22,966 km²
Land: 22,806 km²
Water: 160 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Land boundaries
Total: 516 km
Border countries: (2) Guatemala 266 km; , Mexico 250 km

Coastline: 386 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)

Terrain: flat swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Victoria Peak 1,160 m

Natural resources: arable land: potential timber fish hydropower

Land use
Arable land: 2.85%
Permanent crops: 1.71%
Other: 95.44% (2001)

Irrigated land: 30 km² (1998 est.)

Natural hazards: frequent devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)

Geography
Note: only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean

Population: 279,457 (July 2005 est.)
Growth rate: 2.33% (2005 est.)
Below poverty line: 33% (1999 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Belizean
Adjective: Belizean

Ethnic groups: mestizo 48.7% Creole 24.9% Maya 10.6% Garifuna 6.1% other 9.7%

Languages: English (official) Spanish Mayan Garifuna (Carib) Creole

Religions: Roman Catholic 49.6% Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4% Anglican 5.3% Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2% Mennonite 4.1% Methodist 3.5% Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%) other 14% none 9.4% (2000)

Age structure
0-14 years: 40.1% (male 57,114/female 54,877)
15-64 years: 56.4% (male 79,694/female 77,881)
65 years and over: 3.5% (male 4,768/female 5,123) (2005 est.)

Median age
Total: 19.35 years
Male: 19.21 years
Female: 19.49 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.33% (2005 est.)

Birth rate: 29.34 births/1000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate: 6.04 deaths/1000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2005 est.)

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; water pollution from sewage industrial effluents agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male/female
65 years and over: 0.93 male/female
Total population: 1.03 male/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 25.69 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 28.97 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 22.25 deaths/1000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 68.44 years
Male: 66.54 years
Female: 70.44 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.68 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 2.4% (2003 est.)
People living with hivaids: 3,600 (2003 est.)
Deaths: less than 200 (2003 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 94.1%
Male: 94.1%
Female: 94.1% (2003 est.)

Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Belize
Former: British Honduras

Government type: parliamentary democracy

Capital: Belmopan

Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Belize Cayo Corozal Orange Walk Stann Creek Toledo

Independence: 21 September 1981 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day 21 September (1981)

Constitution: 21 September 1981

Legal system: English law

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993)
Head of government: Prime Minister Said Wilbert MUSA (since 28 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister

Legislative branch
Elections: House of Representatives - last held 5 March 2003 (next to be held March 2008)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 21, UDP 8

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)

Political parties and leaders: People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean BARROW party leader; Douglas SINGH party chairman]

International organization participation: ACP C Caricom CDB FAO G-77 IADB IBRD ICAO ICCt ICFTU ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM ITU LAES MIGA NAM OAS OPANAL OPCW PCA UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UPU WCL WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN
In the us chancery: 2,535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-9,636
In the us fax: [1] (202) 332-6,888
In the us consulates general: Los Angeles
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Russell F. FREEMAN
From the us embassy: 29 Gabourel Lane, Belize City
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 286, Belize City
From the us telephone: [501] 227-7,161 through 7,163
From the us fax: [501] 2-30,802

Flag description: blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom all encircled by a green garland

Economy overview: In this small essentially private enterprise economy the tourism industry is the number one foreign exchange earner followed by marine products citrus cane sugar bananas and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies initiated in September 1998 led to sturdy GDP growth averaging nearly 6% in 1999-2004. Major concerns continue to be the sizable trade deficit and foreign debt. A key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty with the help of international donors.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $1.778 billion (2004 est.)

Real gdp growth rate: 3.5% (2004 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $6,500 (2004 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 17.7%
Industry: 15%
Services: 67.3% (2003 est.)

Agriculture products: bananas coca citrus sugar; fish cultured shrimp; lumber; garments

Industries: garment production food processing tourism construction

Industrial production growth rate: 4.6% (1999)

Labor force
Note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 27%
By occupation industry: 18%
By occupation services: 55% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate: 12.9% (2003)

Population below poverty line: 33% (1999 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA
Highest 10: NA

Budget
Revenues: $244.5 million
Expenditures: $300 million, including capital expenditures of $70 million (2004 est.)

Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.9% (2004 est.)

Current account balance: $-115 million (2004 est.)

Exports: $401.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Commodities: sugar bananas citrus clothing fish products molasses wood
Partners: US 37.2% UK 26.8% Jamaica 4.6% (2004)

Imports: $579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment manufactured goods; fuels chemicals pharmaceuticals; food beverages tobacco
Partners: US 30.1% Mexico 12% Guatemala 7.4% Cuba 7.2% China 4.2% Japan 4.1% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $111.1 million (2004 est.)

Debt external: $1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)

Exchange rates: Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2004) 2 (2003) 2 (2002) 2 (2001) 2 (2000)

Electricity
Production: 117 million kWh (2002)
Consumption: 108.8 million kWh (2002)
Exports: 0 kWh (2002)
Imports: 0 kWh (2002)

Telephones
Main lines in use: 33,300 (2003)
Mobile cellular: 60,400 (2003)

Telephone system
General assessment: above-average system
Domestic: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay
International: country code - 501; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Internet
Country code: .bz
Hosts: 2,613 (2003)
Users: 30,000 (2002)

Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $18 million (2003)
Percent of gdp: 2% (2003)

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1 (2001)

Airports: 43 (2004 est.)
With paved runways total: 5
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2
With paved runways under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 38
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 11
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)

Waterways: 825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2004)

Merchant marine
Total: 295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,015,270 GRT/1,336,890 DWT
By type: bulk carrier 25, cargo 207, chemical tanker 9, container 6, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 17, roll on/roll off 5
Foreign owned: 142 (Australia 2, Belgium 1, China 50, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Estonia 9, Germany 4, Hong Kong 6, Indonesia 3, Italy 2, Japan 5, Latvia 4, Malaysia 1, Nigeria 1, Pakistan 1, Poland 2, Russia 23, Singapore 5, South Korea 6, Spain 3, Switzerland 1, Turkey 2, Ukraine 4, UAE 3, United States 2) (2005)

Disputes international: Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS is attempting to revive the 2002 failed Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays and substantial US-UK financial package

Illicit drugs: major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector