Background: Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about the mid-1980s the island has transformed itself into a freight transshipment point a financial center and a tourist destination. Malta became an EU member in May 2004.

Geographic coordinates: 35 50 N 14 35 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 316 km²
Land: 316 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Exclusive fishing zone: 25 nm

Climate: Mediterranean; mild rainy winters; hot dry summers

Terrain: mostly low rocky flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Ta'Dmejrek 253 m (near Dingli)

Natural resources: limestone salt arable land

Land use
Arable land: 31.25%
Permanent crops: 3.13%
Other: 65.62% (2005)

Irrigated land: 20 km² (2003)

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: the country comprises an archipelago with only the three largest islands (Malta Ghawdex or Gozo and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries particularly for oil exploration

Population: 401,880 (July 2007 est.)
Growth rate: 0.413% (2007 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Maltese

Ethnic groups: Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)

Languages: Maltese (official) English (official)

Religions: Roman Catholic 98%

Age structure
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 34,559/female 32,707)
15-64 years: 69.5% (male 141,265/female 137,951)
65 years and over: 13.8% (male 23,802/female 31,596) (2007 est.)

Median age
Total: 39 years
Male: 37.6 years
Female: 40.4 years (2007 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.413% (2007 est.)

Birth rate: 10.28 births/1000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate: 8.19 deaths/1000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate: 2.04 migrant(s)/1000 population (2007 est.)

Environment
Current issues: very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.057 male/female
15-64 years: 1.024 male/female
65 years and over: 0.753 male/female
Total population: 0.987 male/female (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 3.82 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 4.29 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 3.32 deaths/1000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 79.15 years
Male: 76.95 years
Female: 81.47 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.51 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.2% (2001 est.)
People living with hivaids: less than 500 (2003 est.)
Deaths: less than 100 (2003 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 10 and over can read and write
Total population: 92.8%
Male: 92%
Female: 93.6% (2003 est.)

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Malta
Conventional short form: Malta
Local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta
Local short form: Malta

Government type: republic

Capital
Name: Valletta
Geographic coordinates: 35 53 N, 14 30 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: none (administered directly from Valletta); note - local councils carry out administrative orders

Independence: 21 September 1964 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day 21 September (1964)

Constitution: 1964 constitution; amended many times

Legal system: based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Edward FENECH ADAMI (since 4 April 2004)
Head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence GONZI (since 23 March 2004)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Elections: president elected by the House of Representatives for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 March 2004 (next to be held by April 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Election results: Eddie FENECH ADAMI elected president; House of Representatives vote - 33 out of 65 votes

Legislative branch
Elections: last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held by August 2008)
Election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.8%, MLP 47.5%, AD 0.7%; seats by party - PN 34, MLP 31

Judicial branch: Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Political parties and leaders: Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]

International organization participation: Australia Group C CE CPLP (associate) EBRD EIB EU FAO IAEA IBRD ICAO ICCt ICRM IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC MIGA NSG OPCW OSCE PCA UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina (observer) UNWTO UPU WCL WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador John LOWELL
In the us chancery: 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 462-3,611, 3,612
In the us fax: [1] (202) 387-5,470
In the us consulates: New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Molly BORDONARO
From the us embassy: 3rd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, VLT 01
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 535, Valletta, CMR01
From the us telephone: [356] 2,561 4,000
From the us fax: [356] 21 243,229

Flag description: two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross edged in red

Economy overview: Major resources are limestone a favorable geographic location and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs has limited fresh water supplies and has few domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign trade manufacturing (especially electronics and pharmaceuticals) and tourism. Continued sluggishness in the European economy is holding back exports tourism and overall growth.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $8.518 billion (2006 est.)

Real gdp growth rate: 2.9% (2006 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $21,300 (2006 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.7%
Industry: 22.3%
Services: 74.9% (2003 est.)

Agriculture products: potatoes cauliflower grapes wheat barley tomatoes citrus cut flowers green peppers; pork milk poultry eggs

Industries: tourism electronics ship building and repair construction food and beverages pharmaceuticals footwear clothing tobacco

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: 164,000 (2006 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 3%
By occupation industry: 22%
By occupation services: 75% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate: 6.8% (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line: NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Budget
Revenues: $2.851 billion
Expenditures: $2.998 billion (2005 est.)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 2.8% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares: $4.097 billion (2005)

Current account balance: $-412.1 million (2006 est.)

Exports: $2.908 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment manufactures
Partners: France 15.3% Singapore 13.2% US 13% Germany 12.5% UK 9.5% Japan 4.9% Hong Kong 4.2% (2006)

Imports: $4.13 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food drink tobacco
Partners: Italy 28% UK 10.5% France 8.7% Germany 7.6% Singapore 6.8% US 5.6% (2006)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $2.981 billion (2006 est.)

Debt external: $188.8 million (2005)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad: $NA

Exchange rates: Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.37 (2006) 0.34578 (2005) 0.34466 (2004) 0.37723 (2003) 0.43362 (2002)

Electricity
Production: 2.106 billion kWh (2005)
Consumption: 1.959 billion kWh (2005)
Exports: 0 kWh (2005)
Imports: 0 kWh (2005)

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2005 est.)
Consumption: 0 m³ (2005 est.)

Telephones
Main lines in use: 202,300 (2006)
Mobile cellular: 346,800 (2006)

Telephone system
General assessment: automatic system satisfies normal requirements
Domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands
International: country code - 356; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Internet
Country code: .mt
Hosts: 21,386 (2007)
Users: 127,200 (2005)

Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 0.7% (2006 est.)

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)

Airports: 1 (2007)
With paved runways total: 1
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2007)

Roadways
Total: 2,227 km
Paved: 2,014 km
Unpaved: 213 km (2004)

Merchant marine
Total: 1,281 ships (1000 GRT or over) 25,213,650 GRT/41,033,203 DWT
By type: bulk carrier 439, cargo 382, chemical tanker 125, combination ore/oil 2, container 65, liquefied gas 15, livestock carrier 1, passenger 15, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 132, refrigerated cargo 41, roll on/roll off 31, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 17
Foreign owned: 1,197 (Austria 1, Azerbaijan 3, Bangladesh 3, Belgium 10, Bulgaria 15, Canada 15, China 13, Croatia 12, Cyprus 15, Denmark 10, Estonia 7, France 4, Germany 67, Greece 448, Hong Kong 1, Iceland 7, India 3, Iran 24, Israel 21, Italy 45, Japan 3, South Korea 3, Latvia 36, Lebanon 12, Libya 3, Monaco 1, Netherlands 3, Norway 71, Pakistan 2, Poland 25, Portugal 3, Romania 10, Russia 66, Slovenia 3, Spain 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 22, Syria 4, Turkey 143, Ukraine 28, UAE 10, UK 12, US 11)
Registered in other countries: 4 (Panama 2, Portugal 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)

Ports and terminals: Marsaxlokk Valletta

Disputes international: none

Illicit drugs: minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe