Background: The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. Slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar rum and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance.

Geographic coordinates: 13 10 N 59 32 W

Map reference: Central America and the Caribbean

Area
Total: 431 km²
Land: 431 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: 2.5 times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 97 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical; rainy season (June to October)

Terrain: relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mount Hillaby 336 m

Natural resources: petroleum fish natural gas

Land use
Arable land: 37.21%
Permanent crops: 2.33%
Other: 60.46% (2005)

Irrigated land: 50 km² (2003)

Total renewable water resources: 0.1 km³ (2003)

Natural hazards: infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides

Geography
Note: easternmost Caribbean island

Population: 281,968 (July 2008 est.)
Growth rate: 0.36% (2008 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)
Adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)

Ethnic groups: black 90% white 4% Asian and mixed 6%

Languages: English

Religions: Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3% Pentecostal 18.7% Methodist 5.1% other 11.3%) Roman Catholic 4.2% other Christian 7% other 4.8% none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)

Age structure
0-14 years: 19.3% (male 27,270/female 27,193)
15-64 years: 71.7% (male 99,357/female 102,683)
65 years and over: 9% (male 9,856/female 15,609) (2008 est.)

Median age
Total: 35.4 years
Male: 34.2 years
Female: 36.4 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.36% (2008 est.)

Birth rate: 12.48 births/1000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate: 8.58 deaths/1000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.31 migrant(s)/1000 population (2008 est.)

Environment
Current issues: pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.01 male/female
Under 15 years: 1 male/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male/female
Total population: 0.94 male/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 11.05 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 12.4 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 9.69 deaths/1000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 73.21 years
Male: 71.2 years
Female: 75.24 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.65 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 1.5% (2003 est.)
People living with hivaids: 2,500 (2003 est.)
Deaths: fewer than 200 (2003 est.)

Education expenditures: 6.9% of GDP (2005)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.7% (2002 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 13 years
Male: 13 years
Female: 14 years (2001)

Country name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Barbados

Government type: parliamentary democracy

Capital
Name: Bridgetown
Geographic coordinates: 13 06 N, 59 37 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown* Christ Church Saint Andrew Saint George Saint James Saint John Saint Joseph Saint Lucy Saint Michael Saint Peter Saint Philip Saint Thomas

Independence: 30 November 1966 (from UK)

National holiday: Independence Day 30 November (1966)

Constitution: 30 November 1966

Legal system: English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Clifford Straughn HUSBANDS (since 1 June 1996)
Head of government: Prime Minister David THOMPSON (since 16 January 2008)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister

Legislative branch
Elections: House of Assembly - last held 15 January 2008 (next to be called in 2013)
Election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - DLP 52.5%, BLP 47.3%; seats by party - DLP 20, BLP 10

Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services); Caribbean Court of Justice is the highest court of appeal

Political parties and leaders: Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [David THOMPSON]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]

International organization participation: ACP C Caricom CDB FAO G-77 IADB IBRD ICAO ICCt ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC ISO ITSO ITU ITUC LAES MIGA NAM OAS OPANAL OPCW UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UPU WCO WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Michael Ian KING
In the us chancery: 2,144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 939-9,200
In the us fax: [1] (202) 332-7,467
In the us consulates general: Miami, New York
In the us consulates: Los Angeles
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Mary M. OURISMAN
From the us embassy: U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14,006
From the us mailing address: P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11,000; CMR 1014, APO AA 34,055
From the us telephone: [1] (246) 227-4,399
From the us fax: [1] (246) 431-0179

Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side) gold and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Economy overview: Historically the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However production in recent years has diversified into light industry and tourism with about three-quarters of GDP and 80% of exports being attributed to services. Growth has rebounded since 2003 bolstered by increases in construction projects and tourism revenues - reflecting its success in the higher-end segment. The country enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the region and an investment grade rating which benefits from its political stability and stable institutions. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. The government continues its efforts to reduce unemployment to encourage direct foreign investment and to privatize remaining state-owned enterprises.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $5.31 billion (2007 est.)

Real gdp growth rate: 4.3% (2007 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $18,900 (2007 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 6%
Industry: 16%
Services: 78% (2000 est.)

Agriculture products: sugarcane vegetables cotton

Industries: tourism sugar light manufacturing component assembly for export

Industrial production growth rate: -3.2% (2000 est.)

Labor force: 128,500 (2001 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 10%
By occupation industry: 15%
By occupation services: 75% (1996 est.)

Unemployment rate: 10.7% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Budget
Revenues: $847 million (including grants)
Expenditures: $886 million (2000 est.)

Inflation rate consumer prices: 5.5% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate: 12% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 10.8% (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit: $3.533 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares: $5.513 billion (2005)

Current account balance: -$254 million (2007 est.)

Exports: $385 million (2006)
Commodities: manufactures sugar and molasses rum other foods and beverages chemicals electrical components
Partners: Trinidad and Tobago 15.5% Jamaica 13.5% UK 9.4% US 9.3% Brazil 8.3% Saint Lucia 7.2% Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4.5% (2007)

Imports: $1.586 billion (2006)
Commodities: consumer goods machinery foodstuffs construction materials chemicals fuel electrical components
Partners: US 30.5% Trinidad and Tobago 27.6% UK 6.5% (2007)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $620 million (2007)

Debt external: $668 million (2003)

Exchange rates: Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar - NA (2007) 2 (2006) 2 (2005) 2 (2004) 2 (2003)

Electricity
Production: 1.003 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Consumption: 939.9 million kWh (2007 est.)
Exports: 0 kWh (2007 est.)
Imports: 0 kWh (2007 est.)

Natural gas
Production: 29.17 million m³ (2006 est.)
Consumption: 29.17 million m³ (2006 est.)
Exports: 0 m³ (2007 est.)
Imports: 0 m³ (2007 est.)
Proven reserves: 141.6 million m³ (1 January 2008 est.)

Telephones
Main lines in use: 134,900 (2005)
Mobile cellular: 237,100 (2006)

Telephone system
General assessment: fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of about 85 per 100 persons
Domestic: island-wide automatic telephone system
International: country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat -Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2007)

Internet
Country code: .bb
Hosts: 104 (2008)
Users: 160,000 (2005)

Military expenditures: 0.5% of GDP (2006 est.)

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger requires parental consent); no conscription (2008)

Airports: 1 (2007)
With paved runways total: 1
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2007)

Roadways
Total: 1,600 km
Paved: 1,600 km (2004)

Merchant marine
Total: 85
By type: bulk carrier 15, cargo 50, chemical tanker 7, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2
Foreign owned: 80 (Canada 9, Greece 12, India 1, Iran 2, Lebanon 1, Norway 38, Sweden 7, Syria 1, UK 9)
Registered in other countries: 1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals: Bridgetown

Disputes international: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs: one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center