Background: Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the European Union although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor Italy.

Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N 12 25 E

Area
Rank: 229
Land: 61 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about one third times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries
Border countries: (1) Italy 39 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm sunny summers

Terrain: rugged mountains

Elevation
Extremes highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources: building stone

Land use
Permanent crops: 0%
Other: 83.33% (2011)

Irrigated land: NA

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

Population: 32,448 (July 2013 est.)
Rank: 215
Growth rate: 0.93% (2013 est.)
Growth rate rank: 123
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups: Sammarinese Italian

Languages: Italian

Religions: Roman Catholic

Age structure
15-24 years: 10.6% (male 1749/female 1679)
25-54 years: 42.8% (male 6,575/female 7,327)
55-64 years: 11.8% (male 1926/female 1919)
65 years and over: 18.5% (male 2,680/female 3,333) (2013 est.)

Median age
Male: 42.3 years
Female: 44 years (2013 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.93% (2013 est.)
Rank: 123

Birth rate: 8.78 births/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 213

Death rate: 8.17 deaths/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 94

Net migration rate: 8.66 migrant(s)/1000 population (2013 est.)
Rank: 14

Urbanization
Rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution

Sex ratio
0-14 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Rank: 185
Male: 4.77 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 4.38 deaths/1000 live births (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Rank: 5
Male: 80.59 years
Female: 85.88 years (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.48 children born/woman (2013 est.)
Rank: 192

Physicians density: 4.88 physicians/1000 population (2011)

Hospital bed density: 3.9 beds/1000 population (2011)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Total population: 96%
Male: 97%
Female: 95%

Country name
Conventional short form: San Marino
Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Local short form: San Marino

Government type: republic

Capital
Geographic coordinates: 43 56 N 12 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli singular - castello); Acquaviva Borgo Maggiore Chiesanuova Domagnano Faetano Fiorentino Montegiardino San Marino Citta Serravalle

Independence: 3 September 301

National holiday: Founding of the Republic 3 September (A.D. 301)

Constitution: consists of several legislative instruments chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974; latter document amended 2000 2002 (2013)

Legal system: civil law system with Italian civil law influences

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Pasquale VALENTINI (since 5 December 2012)
Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
Elections: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Grand and General Council for a six-month term; election last held on 17 September 2013 (next to be held in March 2014); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Grand and General Council for a five-year term; election last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
Election results: Anna Maria MUCCIOLI and Gian Carlo CAPICCHIONI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Pasquale VALENTINI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA

Legislative branch: unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 11 November 2012 (next to be held by November 2017)
Election results: percent of vote by party - San Marino Common Good coalition (San Marino Bene Comune) 50.7% (PDCS 29.5% PSD 14.3% AP 6.7%) Entente for the Country coalition (Intesa per Il Paese) 22.3% (PS 12.1% UPR 8.4% USDM 1.7%) Active Citizenry coalition (Cittadinanza Attiva) 16.1% (SU 9.1% Civic 10 6.7%) Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 6.3% For San Marino 2.8% San Marino 3.0 1.8%; seats by party - San Marino Common Good coalition 35 (PDCS 21 PSD 10 AP 4) Entente for the Country coalition 12 (PS 7 UPR 5) Active Citizenry 9 (SU 5 Civic 10 4) Civic Movement R.E.T.E. 4

Judicial branch: note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
Judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
Subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal administrative and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: CE FAO IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (NGOs) ICRM IDA IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM (observer) IPU ITU ITUC (NGOs) LAIA (observer) OPCW OSCE Schengen Convention (de facto member) UN UNCTAD UNESCO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WHO WIPO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 1711 N Street NW 2nd floor Washington DC 20,036
In the us telephone: 202-223-2,418
In the us FAX: 202-223-2,748
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy currently Ambassador John R. PHILLIPS is accredited to San Marino

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature Mount Titano: Guaita Cesta and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

National symbols: three peaks each displaying a tower

National anthem
Lyrics and music: none/Federico CONSOLO

Economy overview: San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism the banking industry and the manufacture and export of ceramics clothing fabrics furniture paints spirits tiles and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low about one-third the average EU level. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. San Marino''s economy has encountered five years of GDP contraction largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector the recent global economic downturn and the sizeable decline in tax revenues have contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government has adopted measures to counter the economic downturn including subsidized credit to businesses. For the first time since 2009 there were signs of improvements in the financial sector in the third quarter of 2012. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009 the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. San Marino's Government continues to work with Italy to ratify a financial information exchange agreement seen by businesses and investors as crucial to strengthening the economic relationship between the two countries.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 199

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 216

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 228

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Industry: 39.2%
Services: 60.7% (2009)

Agriculture products: wheat grapes corn olives; cattle pigs horses beef cheese hides

Industries: tourism banking textiles electronics ceramics cement wine

Industrial production growth rate: 2.3% (2012 est.)
Rank: 97

Labor force: 21,830 (December 2012)
Rank: 209
By occupation industry: 34.4%
By occupation services: 65.5% (2010 est.)

Unemployment rate: 5.5% (2011)
Rank: 78

Population below poverty line: NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10: NA%

Budget
Expenditures: $694.7 million (2011)
Surplus or deficit: -1.5% of GDP (2011)
Surplus or deficit rank: 72

Taxes and other revenues: 36.5% of GDP (2011)
Rank: 60

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 3.1% (December 2011)
Rank: 66

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 5.38% (31 December 2010 est.)
Rank: 153

Stock of narrow money: $1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of broad money: $4.584 billion (31 December 2007)
Rank: 131

Stock of domestic credit: $8.008 billion (31 December 2009)
Rank: 102

Market value of publicly traded shares: $N/A

Exports: $2.576 billion (2010 est.)
Rank: 123
Commodities: building stone lime wood chestnuts wheat wine baked goods hides ceramics

Imports: $2.132 billion (2010 est.)
Rank: 154
Commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures food energy

Debt external: $N/A

Exchange rates:

Telephones
Main lines in use: 18,700 (2012)
Main lines in use rank: 189
Mobile cellular: 36,000 (2011)
Mobile cellular rank: 205

Telephone system
Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity 170 telephones per 100 persons
International: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2011)

Broadcast media: state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)

Internet
Country code: .sm
Hosts: 11,015 (2012)
Hosts rank: 133
Users: 17,000 (2009)
Users rank: 195

Military expenditures: NA

Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

Roadways
Rank: 205
Paved: 292 km (2006)

Disputes international: none