Background: Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) led by Jonas SAVIMBI followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president.

Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S 18 30 E

Area
Rank: 23
Land: 1,246,700 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries
Border countries: (4) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km; (of which 225 km; is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province) Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1427 km; Zambia 1065 km

Coastline: 1600 km

Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool dry season (May to October) and hot rainy season (November to April)

Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation
Extremes highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

Natural resources: petroleum diamonds iron ore phosphates copper feldspar gold bauxite uranium

Land use
Permanent crops: 0.23%
Other: 96.48% (2011)

Irrigated land: 855.3 km² (2005)

Total renewable water resources: 148 km³ (2011)

Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Geography
Note: the province of Cabinda is an exclave separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Population: 19,088,106 (July 2014 est.)
Rank: 59
Growth rate: 2.78% (2014 est.)
Growth rate rank: 19
Below poverty line: 40.5% (2006 est.)

Nationality
Adjective: Angolan

Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37% Kimbundu 25% Bakongo 13% mestico (mixed European and native African) 2% European 1% other 22%

Languages: Portuguese (official) Bantu and other African languages

Religions: indigenous beliefs 47% Roman Catholic 38% Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Age structure
15-24 years: 20.5% (male 1,992,955/female 1,923,932)
25-54 years: 29.3% (male 2,822,164/female 2,777,147)
55-64 years: 4% (male 370,181/female 389,885)
65 years and over: 2.9% (male 259,637/female 301,658) (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios
Youth dependency ratio: 93.9 %
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 %
Potential support ratio: 21 (2014 est.)

Median age
Male: 17.7 years
Female: 18.1 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.78% (2014 est.)
Rank: 19

Birth rate: 38.97 births/1000 population (2014 est.)
Rank: 9

Death rate: 11.67 deaths/1000 population (2014 est.)
Rank: 29

Net migration rate: 0.47 migrant(s)/1000 population (2014 est.)
Rank: 70

Urbanization
Rate of urbanization: 3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 1.098 million (2011)

Environment
Current issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 18 (2008-09 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Rank: 8
Male: 83.74 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 76.05 deaths/1000 live births (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Rank: 205
Male: 54.16 years
Female: 56.47 years (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate: 5.43 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Rank: 10

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 17.7% (2009)

Drinking water source:

Physicians density: 0.17 physicians/1000 population (2009)

Hospital bed density: 0.8 beds/1000 population (2005)

Sanitation facility access:

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 2.3% (2012 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 26
People living with hivaids: 248,800 (2012 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 24
Deaths: 12,600 (2012 est.)
Deaths rank: 23

Major infectious diseases
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever malaria
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 6.4% (2008)
Rank: 147

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 15.6% (2007)
Rank: 47

Education expenditures: 3.5% of GDP (2010)
Rank: 127

Literacy
Total population: 70.4%
Male: 82.6%
Female: 58.6% (2011 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Male: 14 years
Female: 9 years (2011)

Country name
Conventional short form: Angola
Local long form: Republica de Angola
Local short form: Angola
Former: People's Republic of Angola

Government type: republic; multiparty presidential regime

Capital
Geographic coordinates: 8 50 S 13 13 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias singular - provincia); Bengo Benguela Bie Cabinda Cunene Huambo Huila Kwando Kubango Kwanza Norte Kwanza Sul Luanda Lunda Norte Lunda Sul Malanje Moxico Namibe Uige Zaire

Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day 11 November (1975)

Constitution: previous 1975 1992; latest adopted 5 February 2010 (2013)

Legal system: civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law;

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declar

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections: president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates the majority leader is appointed president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)
Election results: NA; as leader of the MPLA Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)
Election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8% UNITA 18.7% CASA-CE 6.0% PRS 1.7% FNLA 1.1% other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175 UNITA 32 CASA-CE 8 PRS 3 FNLA 2

Judicial branch
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president 4 elected by National Assembly 2 elected by Supreme National Council 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms
Subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: ACP AfDB AU CPLP FAO G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO (correspondent) ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) MIGA NAM OAS (observer) OPEC SADC UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 2,108 16th Street NW Washington DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 785-1258
In the us consulate general: Houston New York
From the us embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda) Luanda
From the us mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6,468 Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda US Department of State 2,550 Luanda Place Washington DC 20,521-2,550
From the us telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000
From the us FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty black the African continent the symbols characterize workers and peasants

National symbols: Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)

National anthem
Lyrics and music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

Economy overview: Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005 the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China Brazil Portugal Germany Spain and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009 and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009 and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption especially in the extractive sectors also is a major challenge.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 67

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 44

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 147

Gross national saving:
Rank: 83

Gdp composition by end use
Government consumption: 20%
Investment in fixed capital: 11.4%
Investment in inventories: -0.1%
Exports of goods and services: 59.2%
Imports of goods and services: -39.7%: (2013 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Industry: 61.4%
Services: 28.4% (2011 est.)

Agriculture products: bananas sugarcane coffee sisal corn cotton cassava (manioc tapioca) tobacco vegetables plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries: petroleum; diamonds iron ore phosphates feldspar bauxite uranium and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing brewing tobacco products sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate: 5.5% (2013 est.)
Rank: 50

Labor force: 9.018 million (2013 est.)
Rank: 53
By occupation industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Population below poverty line: 40.5% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Highest 10: 44.7% (2000)

Budget
Expenditures: $48.48 billion (2013 est.)
Surplus or deficit: 3.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 14

Taxes and other revenues: 42.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
Rank: 28

Public debt: 17.2% of GDP (2012 est.)
Rank: 145

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 10.3% (2012 est.)
Rank: 203

Central bank discount rate: 30% (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 2

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 16.81% (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 29

Stock of narrow money: $13.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 68

Stock of broad money: $40.34 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 69

Stock of domestic credit:

Current account balance: $13.85 billion (2012 est.)
Rank: 22

Exports: $71.09 billion (2012 est.)
Rank: 49
Commodities: crude oil diamonds refined petroleum products coffee sisal fish and fish products timber cotton
Partners: China 46.3% US 13.9% India 10.1% South Africa 4.2% (2012)

Imports: $23.72 billion (2012 est.)
Rank: 72
Commodities: machinery and electrical equipment vehicles and spare parts; medicines food textiles military goods
Partners: China 20.9% Portugal 19.5% US 7.7% South Africa 7.1% Brazil 5.9% (2012)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 48

Debt external: $21.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 79

Stock of direct foreign investment at home: $12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Rank: 77

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad: $9.877 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Rank: 50

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Production: 5.118 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Production rank: 118
Consumption: 4.592 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Consumption rank: 116
Exports: 0 kWh (2012 est.)
Exports rank: 97
Imports: 0 kWh (2012 est.)
Imports rank: 114
Installed generating capacity: 1.155 million kW (2010 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 123
Generation sources fossil fuels: 56.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 139
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 39
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 43.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 55
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 151

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 1.872 million bbl/day (2012 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 16
Crude oil exports: 1.928 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 7
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 153
Crude oil proven reserves: 10.47 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 17

Refined petroleum
Products production: 38,760 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products production rank: 85
Products consumption: 79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Products consumption rank: 85
Products exports: 17,750 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products exports rank: 74
Products imports: 55,740 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Products imports rank: 66

Natural gas
Production: 752 million m³ (2011 est.)
Production rank: 68
Consumption: 733 million m³ (2010 est.)
Consumption rank: 94
Exports: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Exports rank: 58
Imports: 0 m³ (2011 est.)
Imports rank: 153
Proven reserves: 366 billion m³ (1 January 2013 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 37

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 26.97 million Mt (2011 est.)

Telephones
Main lines in use: 303,000 (2012)
Main lines in use rank: 116
Mobile cellular: 9.8 million (2012)
Mobile cellular rank: 80

Telephone system
Domestic: only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011
International: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

Broadcast media: state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet
Country code: .ao
Hosts: 20,703 (2012)
Hosts rank: 116
Users: 606,700 (2009)
Users rank: 114

Military expenditures:
Rank: 13

Military service age and obligation: 20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Airports: 176 (2013)
Rank: 32
With paved runways over 3047 m: 7
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 8
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 12
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 4 (2013)
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 3
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 31
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 66
With unpaved runways: 43 (2013)

Heliports: 1 (2013)

Pipelines: gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Railways
Rank: 60
Narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

Roadways
Rank: 76
Paved: 5,349 km
Unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Waterways: 1300 km (2011)
Rank: 54

Merchant marine
Rank: 123
By type: cargo 1 chemical tanker 1 passenger/cargo 2 petroleum tanker 2 roll on/roll off 1
Foreign owned: 1 (Spain 1)
Registered in other countries: 17 (Bahamas 6 Curacao 2 Cyprus 1 Liberia 1 Malta 7) (2010)

Disputes international: Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs: 19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)

Illicit drugs: used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states particularly South Africa