top of pageBackground: Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power Denmark has evolved into a modern prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However the country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty including the European Economic and Monetary Union European defense cooperation and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.
AreaTotal: 43,094 km²
Land: 42,434 km²
Water: 660 km²
Note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Rank: 134
Comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild windy winters and cool summers
Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains
Natural resources: petroleum natural gas fish arable land: salt limestone chalk stone gravel and sand
Natural hazards: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g. parts of Jutland along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
GeographyNote: controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen
top of pagePopulationDistribution: with excellent access to the North Sea Skagerrak Kattegat and the Baltic Sea population centers tend to be along coastal areas particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland: 5,593,785
Note: Statistics Denmark estimates the country's total population to be 5,724,456 as of 2016 Q3
Rank: 116
Growth rate: 0.22% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 184
Below poverty line: 13.4% (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups: Scandinavian Inuit Faroese German Turkish Iranian Somali
Languages: Danish Faroese Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect) German (small minority)
Note: English is the predominant second language
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran (official) 80% Muslim 4% other (denominations of less than 1% each includes Roman Catholic Jehovah's Witness Serbian Orthodox Christian Jewish Baptist and Buddhist) 16% (2012 est.)
Population distribution: with excellent access to the North Sea Skagerrak Kattegat and the Baltic Sea population centers tend to be along coastal areas particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland
EnvironmentCurrent issues: air pollution principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 85 Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Antarctic Treaty Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Marine Life Conservation Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Drinking water source:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 99.6% of population
rural: 99.6% of population
total: 99.6% of population
urban: 0.4% of population
rural: 0.4% of population
total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)
top of pageAdministrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner singular - region); Hovedstaden (Capital) Midtjylland (Central Jutland) Nordjylland (North Jutland) Sjaelland (Zealand) Syddanmark (Southern Denmark)
Note: an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions effective 1 January 2007
Independence: ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under HARALD I Gormson); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)
National holiday: none designated; Constitution Day 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as National Day
Constitution: several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953; changed several times last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession) (2016)
Legal system: civil law; judicial review of legislative acts
Executive branchChief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II ; Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK elder son of the monarch (born on 26 May 1968)
Head of government: Prime Minister Lars LOEKKE RASMUSSEN
Cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch
Electionsappointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
Legislative branchDescription: unicameral People's Assembly or Folketing
Elections: last held on 18 June 2015
Election results: percent of vote by party - SDP 26.3% DF 21.1% V 19.5% EL 7.8% LA 7.5% AP 4.8% SLP 4.6% SF 4.2% C 3.4% other 0.9%; seats by party - SDP 47 DF 37 V 34 EL 14 LA 13 AP 9 SLP 8 SF 7 C 6; note - does not include each of the two seats from Greenland and the Faroe Islands
Judicial branchHighest court: Supreme Court
Judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Minister of Justice with the advice of the Judicial Appointments Council a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70
Subordinate courts: Special Court of Indictment and Revision; 2 High Courts; Maritime and Commercial Court; county courts
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member) AfDB (nonregional member) Arctic Council Australia Group BIS CBSS CD CE CERN EAPC EBRD ECB EIB EITI (implementing country) ESA EU FAO FATF G-9 IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICCt ICRM IDA IEA IFAD IFC IFRCS IGAD (partners) IHO ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) MIGA MINUSMA NATO NC NEA NIB NSG OAS (observer) OECD OPCW OSCE Paris Club PCA Schengen Convention UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNMIL UNMISS UNRWA UNTSO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO ZC
Flag description: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th century battle; caught up by the Danish king before it ever touched the earth this heavenly talisman inspired the royal army to victory; in actuality the flag may derive from a crusade banner or ensign
Note: the shifted cross design element was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland Iceland Norway and Sweden
National anthemName: 'Der er et yndigt land' ; 'Kong Christian' (King Christian)
Lyrics and music: Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown
Note: Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; 'Der er et yndigt land' adopted 1844 is a national anthem while 'Kong Christian' adopted 1780 serves as both a national and royal anthem; 'Kong Christian' is also known as 'Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast' and 'Kongesangen' (The King's Anthem); within Denmark the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark the royal anthem is played unless the national anthem is requested
top of pageEconomy overview:
This thoroughly modern market economy features a high-tech agricultural sector advanced industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals maritime shipping and renewable energy and a high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food oil and gas and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. An aging population will be a major long-term issue.
Denmark is a member of the EU; Danish legislation and regulations conform to EU standards on almost all issues. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union Denmark has negotiated an opt-out with the EU and is not required to adopt the euro. Within the EU Denmark is among the strongest supporters of trade liberalization.
After a long consumption-driven upswing Denmark's economy began slowing in 2007 with the end of a housing boom. Housing prices dropped markedly in 2008-09 but with significant regional differences have since recovered. Household indebtedness is still relatively high at more than 305% of net disposable income in 2014 while household net worth - from private pension schemes and other assets - amounted to 546% of net disposable income.
The global financial crisis exacerbated this cyclical slowdown by increasing domestic borrowing costs and lowering foreign demand for Danish exports. Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008 but the budget balance swung into deficit in 2009. The structural budget deficit has remained below 1% and is estimated at -0.4% in 2016. Denmark is experiencing a lackluster economic recovery having still not regained the GDP level of 2008. GDP contracted in 2012 and 2013 followed by real growth of 1.3% in 2014 and 1.2% in 2015. The government projects 1.9% growth in 2016 while private sector estimates are about 1% growth. A historically low level of unemployment rose with the economic downturn but the labor market has strengthened since 2013 and unemployment stood at about 4.5% in early 2016 based on the national measure. Productivity growth was significantly below the OECD average in 2012–2014.
Industries: iron steel nonferrous metals chemicals food processing machinery and transportation equipment textiles and clothing electronics construction furniture and other wood products shipbuilding and refurbishment windmills pharmaceuticals medical equipment
Public debt:
40.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
44.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
Note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds such as for retirement medical care and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Rank: 114
Exports:
$95.97 billion (2015 est.)
$111.4 billion (2014 est.)
Rank: 36
Commodities: machinery and instruments meat and meat products dairy products fish pharmaceuticals furniture windmills
Partners: Germany 17.8% Sweden 11.6% US 8.4% Norway 6.3% UK 6.3% Netherlands 4.4% China 4.2% (2015)
Imports:
$85.02 billion (2015 est.)
$101.3 billion (2014 est.)
Rank: 34
Commodities: machinery and equipment raw materials and semimanufactures for industry chemicals grain and foodstuffs consumer goods
Partners: Germany 20.4% Sweden 12.3% Netherlands 8.1% China 7.3% Norway 6.1% UK 4.4% (2015)
Debt external:
$534.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$609.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Rank: 22
Exchange rates:
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -
6.7236 (2015 est.)
5.6183 (2014 est.)
5.6125 (2013 est.)
5.79 (2012 est.)
5.3687 (2011 est.)
top of pagetop of pageTelephone systemGeneral assessment: excellent telephone and Internet services
Domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network; multiple mobile-cellular communications systems
International: country code - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada Faroe Islands Germany Iceland Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Sweden and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 ); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark Finland Iceland Norway and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik Norway station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2015)
Broadcast media: strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 6 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half-dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations 10 digital audio broadcasting stations and 14 web-based radio stations; in 2010 there were 140 commercial and 187 community (non-commercial) radio stations
top of pageMilitary service age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2012)
top of pagePipelines: condensate 11 km; gas 4,377 km; oil 647 km; oil/gas/water 2 km (2013)
Denmark - Transnational issues 2016
top of pageDisputes international: Iceland the UK and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; sovereignty dispute with Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission
🅶🅷🅴🅾🆂.🅲🅾🅼