arable land: 2.1%
permanent crops: 0.1%
permanent pasture: 6.2%

Guyana is the only English-speaking country in South America and shares cultural and historical bonds with the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana's two largest ethnic groups are the Afro-Guyanese (descendants of African slaves) and the Indo-Guyanese (descendants of Indian indentured laborers) which together comprise about three quarters of Guyana's population. Tensions periodically have boiled over between the two groups which back ethnically based political parties and vote along ethnic lines. Poverty reduction has stagnated since the late 1990s. About one-third of the Guyanese population lives below the poverty line; indigenous people are disproportionately affected. Although Guyana's literacy rate is reported to be among the highest in the Western Hemisphere the level of functional literacy is considerably lower which has been attributed to poor education quality teacher training and infrastructure.
Guyana's emigration rate is among the highest in the world - more than 55% of its citizens reside abroad - and it is one of the largest recipients of remittances relative to GDP among Latin American and Caribbean counties. Although remittances are a vital source of income for most citizens the pervasive emigration of skilled workers deprives Guyana of professionals in healthcare and other key sectors. More than 80% of Guyanese nationals with tertiary level educations have emigrated. Brain drain and the concentration of limited medical resources in Georgetown hamper Guyana's ability to meet the health needs of its predominantly rural population. Guyana has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the region and continues to rely on international support for its HIV treatment and prevention programs.

urban: 98.2% of population
rural: 98.3% of population
total: 98.3% of population
urban: 1.8% of population
rural: 1.7% of population
total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)

urban: 87.9% of population
rural: 82% of population
total: 83.7% of population
urban: 12.1% of population
rural: 18% of population
total: 16.3% of population (2015 est.)

A Partnership for National Unity or APNU [David A. GRANGER]
Alliance for Change or AFC [Khemraj RAMJATTAN]
Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA]
People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Donald RAMOTAR]
Rise Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]
The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]
The Unity Party [Joey JAGAN]
Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]

The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar gold bauxite shrimp timber and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Much of Guyana's growth in recent years has come from a surge in gold production in response to global prices although downward trends in gold prices may threaten future growth. In 2014 production of sugar dropped to a 24-year low.
Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy in January 2006 has broadened the country's export market primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government's stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Despite recent improvements the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007 the Inter-American Development Bank Guyana's principal donor canceled Guyana's nearly $470 million debt equivalent to 21% of GDP which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country debt forgiveness brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 67% in 2015. Guyana had become heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s.
Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure.

$5.759 billion (2015 est.)
$5.59 billion (2014 est.)
$5.383 billion (2013 est.)

3% (2015 est.)
3.8% (2014 est.)
5.2% (2013 est.)

$7,500 (2015 est.)
$7,300 (2014 est.)
$7,100 (2013 est.)

20.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
9.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
3.7% of GDP (2013 est.)

11.1% (2013)
11.3% (2012)

44.6 (2007)
43.2 (1999)

48.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
50.9% of GDP (2014 est.)

-0.9% (2015 est.)
0.9% (2014 est.)

5.5% (31 December 2011)
4.25% (31 December 2010)

12.83% (31 December 2015 est.)
12.83% (31 December 2014 est.)

$631 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$635.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)

$1.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.596 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$1.492 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.551 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$610.9 million (31 December 2012 est.)
$440.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$339.8 million (31 December 2010 est.)

-$151 million (2015 est.)
-$388 million (2014 est.)

$1.17 billion (2015 est.)
$1.167 billion (2014 est.)

$1.475 billion (2015 est.)
$1.791 billion (2014 est.)

$600.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$667.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)

$2.303 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$1.974 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar -
206.5 (2015 est.)
206.45 (2014 est.)
206.45 (2013 est.)
204.36 (2012 est.)
204.02 (2011 est.)

1.09% of GDP (2012)
1.17% of GDP (2011)
1.09% of GDP (2010)