year=2016&name=Tajikistan - Gheos Worldguide

Statistics Tajikistan

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Tajikistan in the World

Tajikistan - Introduction 2016

Background: The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bands of indigenous guerrillas (called 'basmachi') fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area which was not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan was first created as an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan in 1924 but the USSR designated Tajikistan a separate republic in 1929 and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd province. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan and ethnic Tajiks an even larger minority in Uzbekistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992 to 1997. Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010 including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and criminal groups in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast. The most recent incidents were a series of attacks on security personnel in September 2015 led by a former high-ranking official in the Ministry of Defense. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Tajikistan became a member of the World Trade Organization in March 2013. However its economy continues to face major challenges including dependence on remittances from Tajikistanis working in Russia pervasive corruption and the major role narcotrafficking plays in the country's informal economy.

Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N 71 00 E

Map reference: Asia

Area
Total: 144,100 km²
Land: 141,510 km²
Water: 2,590 km²
Rank: 96
Comparative: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Land boundaries
Total: 4,130 km
Border countries: (4) Afghanistan 1357 km; China 477 km; Kyrgyzstan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1312 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: mid-latitude continental hot summers mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Terrain: mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; western Fergana Valley in north Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Elevation
Mean elevation: 3,186 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Syr Darya 300 m: highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Natural resources: hydropower some petroleum uranium mercury brown coal lead zinc antimony tungsten silver gold

Land use
Agricultural land: 34.7%

arable land: 6.1%
permanent crops: 0.9%
permanent pasture: 27.7%

Forest: 2.9%
Other: 62.4%

Irrigated land: 7,420 km² (2012)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: earthquakes; floods

Geography
Note: landlocked; highest point Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak) was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Tajikistan - People 2016

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Population
Distribution: the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west: 8,330,946 (July 2016 est.)
Rank: 96
Growth rate: 1.66% (2016 est.)
Growth rate rank: 69
Below poverty line: 35.6% (2013 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Tajikistani
Adjective: Tajikistani

Ethnic groups: Tajik 84.3% Uzbek 13.8% (includes Lakai Kongrat Katagan Barlos Yuz) other 2% (includes Kyrgyz Russian Turkmen Tatar Arab) (2010 est.)

Languages: Tajik (official) Russian widely used in government and business
Note: different ethnic groups speak Uzbek Kyrgyz and Pashto

Religions: Sunni Muslim 85% Shia Muslim 5% other 10% (2003 est.)

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 32.56%
15-24 years: 19.04%
25-54 years: 39.79%
55-64 years: 5.37%
65 years and over: 3.24% (2016 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 60.9%
Youth dependency ratio: 56%
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.8%
Potential support ratio: 20.7%

Median age
Total: 24.2 years
Male: 23.6 years
Female: 24.8 years
Rank: 159

Population growth rate: 1.66% (2016 est.)
Rank: 69

Birth rate: 23.8 births/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 63

Death rate: 6.1 deaths/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 160

Net migration rate: -1.1 migrant(s)/1000 population (2016 est.)
Rank: 142

Population distribution: the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Urbanization
Urban population: 26.8% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 2.62% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: DUSHANBE (capital) 822,000 (2015)

Environment
Current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Environmental Modification Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male/female
Total population: 0.99 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 22.8
Note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 32.8 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 37.1 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 28.4 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 62

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 67.7 years
Male: 64.6 years
Female: 71 years
Rank: 168

Total fertility rate: 2.67 children born/woman (2016 est.)
Rank: 72

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 27.9% (2012)

Drinking water source:

urban: 93.1% of population
rural: 66.7% of population
total: 73.8% of population
urban: 6.9% of population
rural: 33.3% of population
total: 26.2% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 1.92 physicians/1000 population (2013)

Hospital bed density: 5.5 beds/1000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access:

urban: 93.8% of population
rural: 95.5% of population
total: 95% of population
urban: 6.2% of population
rural: 4.5% of population
total: 5% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.31% (2015 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 79
People living with hivaids: 16,200 (2015 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 84
Deaths: 800 (2015 est.)
Deaths rank: 73

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 12% (2014)
Rank: 136

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 13.3% (2012)
Rank: 56

Education expenditures: 4% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 114

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.8%
Female: 99.7%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 11 years
Male: 12 years
Female: 11 years

Youth unemployment

Tajikistan - Government 2016

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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan
Conventional short form: Tajikistan
Local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston
Local short form: Tojikiston
Former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Etymology: the Persian suffix '-stan' means 'place of' or 'country' so the word Tajikistan literally means 'Land of the Tajik [people]'

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Dushanbe
Geographic coordinates: 38 33 N 68 46 E
Time difference: UTC+5

Administrative divisions: 2 provinces (viloyatho singular - viloyat) 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor) 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht) and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe** Khatlon (Qurghonteppa) Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh) Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri*** Sughd (Khujand)
Note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Dependent areas

Independence: 9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday: Independence Day (or National Day) 9 September (1991)

Constitution: several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994; amended 1999 2003 2014 (2016)

Legal system: civil law system

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON
Head of government: Prime Minister Qohir RASULZODA
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president approved by the Supreme Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term ; election last held on 6 November 2013 (next to be held in November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 83.9% Ismoil TALBAKOV (CPT) 5% other 11.1%

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly or Majlisi Milli and the Assembly of Representatives or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; 41 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by two-round absolute majority vote and 22 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: National Assembly - last held on 1 March 2015 ; Assembly of Representatives - last held on 1 March 2015 (next to be held in 2020)
Election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65.4% APT 11.7% PERT 7.5% SPT 5.5% CPT 2.2% DPT 1.7% other 6%; seats by party - PDPT 51 APT 5 PERT 3 SPT 1 CPT 2 DPT 1

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court ; Constitutional Court (consists of the court chairman vice-president and 5 judges); High Economic Court (consists 16 judicial positions)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court Constitutional Court and High Economic Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and approved by the National Assembly; judges of all 3 courts appointed for 10-year renewable terms with no limit on terms but last appointment must occur before the age of 65
Subordinate courts: regional and district courts; Dushanbe City Court; viloyat courts; Court of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region

Political parties and leaders:

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]
Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar ISMONOV]
Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV]
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]
Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]
Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]

International organization participation: ADB CICA CIS CSTO EAEC EAPC EBRD ECO EITI (candidate country) FAO G-77 GCTU IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (NGOs) ICCt ICRM IDA IDB IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO (correspondent) ITSO ITU MIGA NAM (observer) OIC OPCW OSCE PFP SCO UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Farhod SALIM
In the us chancery: 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW Washington DC 20,037
In the us telephone: [1] 223-6,090
In the us FAX: [1] 223-6,091
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Elisabeth MILLARD
From the us embassy: 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue Dushanbe 734,019
From the us mailing address: 7,090 Dushanbe Place Dulles VA 20,189
From the us telephone: [992] 229-20-00
From the us FAX: [992] 229-20-50

Flag description

: three horizontal stripes of red (top) a wider stripe of white and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun victory and the unity of the nation white stands for purity cotton and mountain snows while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number 'seven' - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

National symbols: crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars; national colors: red white green

National anthem
Name: 'Surudi milli'
Lyrics and music: Gulnazar KELDI/Sulaimon YUDAKOV
Note: adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics

National heritage

Tajikistan - Economy 2016

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Economy overview:

Tajikistan is a poor mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction metals processing agriculture and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production and today Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the most important crop. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food. Mineral resources include silver gold uranium antimony and tungsten. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry substantial hydropower facilities and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity.
Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that have been equivalent to nearly 50% of GDP. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30-50% of GDP.
Since the end of the devastating five-year civil war the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations but the poor business climate remains a hurdle to attracting investment. Tajikistan has sought to develop its substantial hydroelectricity potential through partnership with Russian and Iranian investors and is pursuing completion of the Roghun dam - which if built according to plan would be the tallest dam in the world. However the project will take at least 8 to 11 years to construct and faces financing shortfalls and opposition from downstream Uzbekistan.
Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies low commodity prices and currency fluctuations are hampering economic growth in Tajikistan. By some estimates the dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by more than 65% in 2015. The government faces challenges financing the public debt which is equivalent to 35% of GDP and the National Bank of Tajikistan has aggressively spent down reserves to bolster the weakening somoni leaving little space for fiscal or monetary measures to counter any additional economic shocks.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:

$23.31 billion (2015 est.)
$22.63 billion (2014 est.)
$21.21 billion (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 140

Real gdp growth rate:

3% (2015 est.)
6.7% (2014 est.)
7.4% (2013 est.)

Rank: 30

Real gdp per capita:

$2,700 (2015 est.)
$2,700 (2014 est.)
$2,600 (2013 est.)

Note: data are in 2015 US dollars
Rank: 193

Gross national saving:

11.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
15.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
16.7% of GDP (2013 est.)

Rank: 138

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 112.8%
Government consumption: 12.9%
Investment in fixed capital: 13.4%
Investment in inventories: 3.5%
Exports of goods and services: 17.1%
Imports of goods and services: -59.7%

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 29.5%
Industry: 21.2%
Services: 49.3%

Agriculture products: cotton grain fruits grapes vegetables; cattle sheep goats

Industries: aluminum cement vegetable oil

Industrial production growth rate: 4% (2015 est.)
Rank: 56

Labor force: 2.209 million (2013 est.)
Rank: 120
By occupation agriculture: 46.5%
By occupation industry: 10.7%
By occupation services: 42.8%

Unemployment rate:

2.5% (2013 est.)
2.5% (2012 est.)

Note: official rates; actual unemployment is much higher
Rank: 17

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 35.6% (2013 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index:

32.6 (2006)
34.7 (1998)

Rank: 106

Budget
Revenues: $2.606 billion
Expenditures: $2.543 billion
Surplus or deficit: 0.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 23

Taxes and other revenues: 33.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
Rank: 69

Public debt:

6.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
NA%

Rank: 177

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:

10.8% (2015 est.)
6.1% (2014 est.)

Rank: 183

Central bank discount rate:

4.8% (31 December 2013)
6.5% (31 December 2012)

Rank: 81

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

25.84% (31 December 2015 est.)
24.53% (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 7

Stock of narrow money:

$773 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$920.3 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 156

Stock of broad money:

$2.085 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.778 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

Rank: 152

Stock of domestic credit:

$1.401 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.628 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 154

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance:

-$795 million (2015 est.)
-$892 million (2014 est.)

Rank: 98

Exports:

$572 million (2015 est.)
$526.8 million (2014 est.)

Rank: 170
Commodities: aluminum electricity cotton fruits vegetable oil textiles
Partners: Turkey 19.7% Kazakhstan 17.6% Switzerland 13.7% Iran 8.7% Afghanistan 7.5% Russia 5.1% China 4.9% Italy 4.8% (2015)

Imports:

$2.825 billion (2015 est.)
$3.528 billion (2014 est.)

Rank: 145
Commodities: petroleum products aluminum oxide machinery and equipment foodstuffs
Partners: China 42.3% Russia 17.9% Kazakhstan 13.1% Iran 4.7% (2015)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$494.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)
$510.8 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 149

Debt external:

$3.938 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$4.047 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

Rank: 136

Stock of direct foreign investment at home: $2.272 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Rank: 107

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:

$N/A
$16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates:

Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar -
6.1631 (2015 est.)
4.9376 (2014 est.)
4.9348 (2013 est.)
4.76 (2012 est.)
4.6103 (2011 est.)

Tajikistan - Energy 2016

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Coal

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 181.6 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 97
Crude oil exports: 78.6 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 194
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 131
Crude oil proven reserves: 12 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 91

Crude oil

Refined petroleum
Products production: 445 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products production rank: 111
Products consumption: 14,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products consumption rank: 151
Products exports: 427.9 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products exports rank: 115
Products imports: 12,870 bbl/day (2013 est.)
Products imports rank: 111

Natural gas
Production: 12 million m³ (2014 est.)
Production rank: 91
Consumption: 224 million m³ (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 104
Exports: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Exports rank: 190
Imports: 212 million m³ (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 70
Proven reserves: 5.663 billion m³ (1 January 2016 es)
Proven reserves rank: 94

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 3.7 million Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 144

Energy consumption per capita

Tajikistan - Communication 2016

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Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 457,000
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6
Fixed lines rank: 98
Mobile cellular total: 8.489 million
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104
Mobile cellular rank: 96

Telephone system
General assessment: foreign investment in the telephone system has resulted in major improvements; conversion of the existing fixed network from analogue to digital was completed in 2012
Domestic: fixed line availability has not changed significantly since 1998 while mobile cellular subscribership aided by competition among multiple operators has expanded rapidly; coverage now extends to all major cities and towns
International: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara ; satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat and 1 Orbita); established a single gateway for Internet traffic in December 2015 which is expected to limit the connectivity of nonstate-owned telecom Internet and mobile companies (2016)

Broadcast media: state-run TV broadcasters transmit nationally on 9 TV and 10 radio stations and regionally on 4 stations; 31 independent TV and 20 radio stations broadcast locally and regionally; many households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite (2016)

Internet
Country code: .tj
Users total: 1.555 million
Users percent of population: 19%
Users rank: 118

Broadband fixed subscriptions

Tajikistan - Military 2016

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Military expenditures:

1.1% of GDP (2014)
1% of GDP (2008)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation; males required to undergo compulsory military training between ages 16 and 55; males can enroll in military schools from at least age 15 (2012)

Space program

Terrorist groups

Tajikistan - Transportation 2016

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National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 802,470
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 105,376 mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: EY (2016)

Airports: 24 (2013)
Rank: 131
With paved runways total: 17
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 5
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 3
With paved runways under 914 m: 3
With unpaved runways total: 7
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 5

Heliports

Pipelines: gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2013)

Railways
Total: 680 km
Broad gauge: 680 km 1.520-m gauge
Rank: 103

Roadways
Total: 27,767 km
Rank: 98

Waterways: 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2011)
Rank: 98

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals

Tajikistan - Transnational issues 2016

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Disputes international: in 2006 China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 19,469

Illicit drugs: major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and to a lesser extent Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium); significant consumer of opiates

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