Statistics Japan 
Japan in the World
Japan - Introduction 2017
top of pageBackground: In 1603 after decades of civil warfare the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. For more than two centuries this policy enabled Japan to enjoy a flowering of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports after signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China and Russia. It occupied Korea Formosa (Taiwan) and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied Manchuria and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering America's entry into World War II - and soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World War II Japan recovered to become an economic power and an ally of the US. While the emperor retains his throne as a symbol of national unity elected politicians hold actual decision-making power. Following three decades of unprecedented growth Japan's economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s but the country remains an economic power. In March 2011 Japan's strongest-ever earthquake and an accompanying tsunami devastated the northeast part of Honshu island killed thousands and damaged several nuclear power plants. The catastrophe hobbled the country's economy and its energy infrastructure and tested its ability to deal with humanitarian disasters. Prime Minister Shinzo ABE was reelected to office in December 2012 and has since embarked on ambitious economic and security reforms to improve Japan's economy and bolster the country's international standing.
Area
Total: 377,915 km²
Land: 364,485 km²
Water: 13,430 km²
Note: includes Bonin Islands Daito-shoto Minami-jima Okino-tori-shima Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto) and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Rank: 63
Comparative: slightly smaller than California
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya Tsugaru Osumi and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Elevation
Mean elevation: 438 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 m: highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 m
Natural resources: negligible mineral resources fish
Note: with virtually no natural energy resources Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas as well as the second largest importer of oil
Land use
Agricultural land: 12.5%
arable land: 11.7%
permanent crops: 0.8%
permanent pasture: 0%
permanent crops: 0.8%
permanent pasture: 0%
Forest: 68.5%
Other: 19%
Natural hazards: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Volcanism: both Unzen and Sakura-jima (1117 m) which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama Honshu Island's most active volcano Aso Bandai Fuji Iwo-Jima Kikai Kirishima Komaga-take Oshima Suwanosejima Tokachi Yake-dake and Usu
Geography
Note: strategic location in northeast Asia; composed of four main islands - from north Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku and Kyushu (the 'Home Islands') - and 6,848 smaller islands and islets
Japan - People 2017
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one-third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain): 126,451,398 (July 2017 est.)
Rank: 10
Growth rate: -0.21% (2017 est.)
Growth rate rank: 208
Below poverty line: 16.1% (2013 est.)
Ethnic groups: Japanese 98.5% Koreans 0.5% Chinese 0.4% other 0.6%
Note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil
Religions: Shintoism 79.2% Buddhism 66.8% Christianity 1.5% other 7.1%
Note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism
Age structure
0-14 years: 12.84%
15-24 years: 9.64%
25-54 years: 37.5%
55-64 years: 12.15%
65 years and over: 27.87% (2017 est.)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 64
Youth dependency ratio: 21.3
Elderly dependency ratio: 42.7
Potential support ratio: 2.3
Population distribution: all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one-third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain)
Urbanization
Urban population: 94.3% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.15% annual rate of change
Major urban areas
Population: TOKYO (capital) 38.001 million; Osaka-Kobe 20.238 million; Nagoya 9.406 million; Kitakyushu-Fukuoka 5.51 million; Shizuoka-Hamamatsu 3.369 million; Sapporo 2.571 million (2015)
Environment
Current issues: air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere; following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster Japan originally planned to phase out nuclear power but it has now implemented a new policy of seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards
International agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Antarctic-Marine Living Resources Antarctic Seals Antarctic Treaty Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Tropical Timber 83 Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male/female
15-24 years: 1.11 male/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male/female
55-64 years: 1 male/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male/female
Total population: 0.94 male/female
Infant mortality rate
Total: 2 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 2.2 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 1.8 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 224
Drinking water source:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Japan - Government 2017
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Japan
Local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku
Local short form: Nihon/Nippon
Etymology: the English word for Japan comes via the Chinese name for the country 'Cipangu'; both Nihon and Nippon mean 'where the sun originates' and are frequently translated as 'Land of the Rising Sun'
Administrative divisions: 47 prefectures; Aichi Akita Aomori Chiba Ehime Fukui Fukuoka Fukushima Gifu Gunma Hiroshima Hokkaido Hyogo Ibaraki Ishikawa Iwate Kagawa Kagoshima Kanagawa Kochi Kumamoto Kyoto Mie Miyagi Miyazaki Nagano Nagasaki Nara Niigata Oita Okayama Okinawa Osaka Saga Saitama Shiga Shimane Shizuoka Tochigi Tokushima Tokyo Tottori Toyama Wakayama Yamagata Yamaguchi Yamanashi
Independence: 3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 660 B.C. (traditional date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)
National holiday: Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO 23 December (1933); note - celebrates the birthday of the current emperor
Constitution: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946 adopted 3 November 1946 effective 3 May 1947; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947 (2016)
Legal system: civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japan
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Executive branch
Chief of state: Emperor AKIHITO
Head of government: Prime Minister Shinzo ABE ; Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
Electionsappointments: the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister
Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (475 seats; 295 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 180 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - Japan's amended electoral law changed in May 2017 reduced the total number of House seats to 465 - the number of House of Representatives seats in single-seat districts is reduced to 289 and the number of House of Representatives seats in multi-seat districts reduced to 176; the change is effective for the December 2018 House of Representatives election
Note: the Diet in June 2017 enacted a law - effective in mid-July - that redraws Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduces the current 275 seats in the House of Representatives to 265; the new law which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts is reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts; this law will apply to the next election
Elections: House of Councillors - last held on 10 July 2016 ; House of Representatives - last held on 22 October 2017 (next to be held by 22 October 2021)
Election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 55 DP 32 Komeito 14 JCP 6 Osaka Ishin no Kai 7 PLPTYF 1 SDP 1 independent 5: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 284 CDP 55 New Hope 50 Komeito 29 JCP 12 JIP 11 SDP 2 independents 22
Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho ; note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterward
Subordinate courts: 8 High Courts each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho) with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho)
Political parties and leaders:
Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)
New Renaissance Party [Hiroyuki ARAI]
Party for Japanese Kokoro or PJK [Masashi NAKANO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tadatomo YOSHIDA]
The Assembly to Energize Japan and the Independents [Kota MATSUDA]
New Renaissance Party [Hiroyuki ARAI]
Party for Japanese Kokoro or PJK [Masashi NAKANO]
Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tadatomo YOSHIDA]
The Assembly to Energize Japan and the Independents [Kota MATSUDA]
International organization participation: ADB AfDB (nonregional member) APEC Arctic Council (observer) ARF ASEAN (dialogue partner) Australia Group BIS CD CE (observer) CERN (observer) CICA (observer) CP CPLP (associate) EAS EBRD EITI (implementing country) FAO FATF G-5 G-7 G-8 G-10 G-20 IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICCt ICRM IDA IEA IFAD IFC IFRCS IGAD (partners) IHO ILO IMF IMO IMSO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITSO ITU ITUC (NGOs) LAIA (observer) MIGA NEA NSG OAS (observer) OECD OPCW OSCE (partner) Pacific Alliance (observer) Paris Club PCA PIF (partner) SAARC (observer) SELEC (observer) SICA (observer) UN UN Security Council (temporary) UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNMISS UNRWA UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO ZC
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Kenichiro SASAE
In the us chancery: 2,520 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] 238-6,700
In the us FAX: [1] 328-2,187
In the us consulate general: Anchorage Atlanta Boston Chicago Dallas Denver (CO) Detroit (MI) Honolulu (HI) Houston Las Vegas (NV) Los Angeles Miami Nashville (TN) New Orleans New York Oklahoma City (OK) Orlando (FL) Philadelphia (PA) Phoenix (AZ) Portland (OR) San Francisco Seattle Saipan (Puerto Rico) Tamuning (Guam)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador William F. 'Bill' HAGERTY IV
From the us embassy: 1-10-5 Akasaka Minato-ku Tokyo 107-8,420
From the us mailing address: Unit 9,800 Box 300 APO AP 96,303-0300
From the us telephone: [81] 3,224-5,000
From the us FAX: [81] 3,505-1862
From the us consulate general: Naha Osaka-Kobe Sapporo
From the us consulate: Fukuoka Nagoya
National anthem
Name: 'Kimigayo'
Lyrics and music: unknown/Hiromori HAYASHI
Note: adopted 1999; unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor
Japan - Economy 2017
top of pageEconomy overview:
Over the past 70 years government-industry cooperation a strong work ethic mastery of high technology and a comparatively small defense allocation (slightly less than 1% of GDP) have helped Japan develop an advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-World War II economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers suppliers and distributors known as keiretsu and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features have significantly eroded under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change.
Measured on a purchasing power parity basis that adjusts for price differences Japan in 2016 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China which surpassed Japan in 2001 and third-place India which edged out Japan in 2012. For three postwar decades overall real economic growth was impressive - a 10% average in the 1960s 5% in the 1970s and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s averaging just 1.7% largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and the collapse of an asset price bubble in the late 1980s which entailed considerable time for firms to reduce excess debt capital and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000 but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008.
Japan enjoyed an uptick in growth in 2013 on the basis of Prime Minister Shinzo ABE’s “Three Arrows” economic revitalization agenda - dubbed “Abenomics” - of monetary easing “flexible” fiscal policy and structural reform. Led by the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing Japan is making modest progress in ending deflation but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy. The government currently faces the quandary of balancing its efforts to stimulate growth and institute economic reforms with the necessity of addressing its sizable public debt which stands at 235% of GDP. To help raise government revenue Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. However the first such increase in April 2014 led to another recession so Prime Minister ABE has twice postponed the next increase now scheduled for October 2019. Structural reforms to unlock productivity are seen as central to strengthening the economy in the long-run.
Scarce in critical natural resources Japan has long been dependent on imported energy and raw materials. After the complete shutdown of Japan’s nuclear reactors following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011 Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. However ABE’s government is seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards and is emphasizing nuclear energy’s importance as a base-load electricity source. In August 2015 Japan successfully restarted one nuclear reactor at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture and several other reactors around the country have since resumed operations; however opposition from local governments has delayed several more restarts that remain pending. Reforms of the electricity and gas sectors including full liberalization of Japan’s energy market in April 2016 and gas market in April 2017 constitute an important part of Prime Minister Abe’s economic program.
In October 2015 Japan and 11 trading partners reached agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) a pact that had promised to open Japan's economy to increased foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses. Japan was the second country to ratify the TPP in December 2016; the United States signaled its withdrawal from the TPP on January 23 2017 and as of April 2017 the agreement has not gone into effect.
Measured on a purchasing power parity basis that adjusts for price differences Japan in 2016 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China which surpassed Japan in 2001 and third-place India which edged out Japan in 2012. For three postwar decades overall real economic growth was impressive - a 10% average in the 1960s 5% in the 1970s and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s averaging just 1.7% largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and the collapse of an asset price bubble in the late 1980s which entailed considerable time for firms to reduce excess debt capital and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000 but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008.
Japan enjoyed an uptick in growth in 2013 on the basis of Prime Minister Shinzo ABE’s “Three Arrows” economic revitalization agenda - dubbed “Abenomics” - of monetary easing “flexible” fiscal policy and structural reform. Led by the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing Japan is making modest progress in ending deflation but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy. The government currently faces the quandary of balancing its efforts to stimulate growth and institute economic reforms with the necessity of addressing its sizable public debt which stands at 235% of GDP. To help raise government revenue Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. However the first such increase in April 2014 led to another recession so Prime Minister ABE has twice postponed the next increase now scheduled for October 2019. Structural reforms to unlock productivity are seen as central to strengthening the economy in the long-run.
Scarce in critical natural resources Japan has long been dependent on imported energy and raw materials. After the complete shutdown of Japan’s nuclear reactors following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011 Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. However ABE’s government is seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards and is emphasizing nuclear energy’s importance as a base-load electricity source. In August 2015 Japan successfully restarted one nuclear reactor at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture and several other reactors around the country have since resumed operations; however opposition from local governments has delayed several more restarts that remain pending. Reforms of the electricity and gas sectors including full liberalization of Japan’s energy market in April 2016 and gas market in April 2017 constitute an important part of Prime Minister Abe’s economic program.
In October 2015 Japan and 11 trading partners reached agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) a pact that had promised to open Japan's economy to increased foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses. Japan was the second country to ratify the TPP in December 2016; the United States signaled its withdrawal from the TPP on January 23 2017 and as of April 2017 the agreement has not gone into effect.
Real gdp purchasing power parity:
$5.233 trillion (2016 est.)
$5.115 trillion (2015 est.)
$5.004 trillion (2014 est.)
$5.115 trillion (2015 est.)
$5.004 trillion (2014 est.)
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 5
Real gdp per capita:
$41,200 (2016 est.)
$40,800 (2015 est.)
$40,300 (2014 est.)
$40,800 (2015 est.)
$40,300 (2014 est.)
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 42
Gross national saving:
27.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
27% of GDP (2015 est.)
24.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
27% of GDP (2015 est.)
24.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
Rank: 40
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 55.9%
Government consumption: 19.8%
Investment in fixed capital: 23.1%
Investment in inventories: 0.2%
Exports of goods and services: 16.1%
Imports of goods and services: -15.2%
Agriculture products: vegetables rice fish poultry fruit dairy products pork beef flowers potatoes/taros/yams sugarcane tea legumes wheat and barley
Industries: among world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles electronic equipment machine tools steel and nonferrous metals ships chemicals textiles processed foods
Labor force: 66.73 million (2016 est.)
Rank: 9
By occupation agriculture: 2.9%
By occupation industry: 26.2%
By occupation services: 70.9%
Budget
Revenues: $1.684 trillion
Expenditures: $1.909 trillion
Surplus or deficit: -4.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 152
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
1.48% (31 December 2016 est.)
1.48% (31 December 2015 est.)
1.48% (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 184
Stock of narrow money:
$5.651 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
$5.126 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$5.126 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 3
Stock of broad money:
$8.023 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7.537 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$7.537 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 4
Stock of domestic credit:
$12.11 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
$11.17 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$11.17 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 4
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$4.895 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$4.378 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
$4.543 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
$4.378 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)
$4.543 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
Rank: 4
Exports:
$634.9 billion (2016 est.)
$622 billion (2015 est.)
$622 billion (2015 est.)
Rank: 5
Commodities: motor vehicles 14.9%; iron and steel products 5.4%; semiconductors 5%; auto parts 4.8%; power generating machinery 3.5%; plastic materials 3.3% (2014 est.)
Partners: US 20.2% China 17.7% South Korea 7.2% Hong Kong 5.2% Thailand 4.3% (2016)
Imports:
$583.5 billion (2016 est.)
$629.4 billion (2015 est.)
$629.4 billion (2015 est.)
Rank: 6
Commodities: petroleum 16.1%; liquid natural gas 9.1%; clothing 3.8%; semiconductors 3.3%; coal 2.4%; audio and visual apparatus 1.4% (2014 est.)
Partners: China 25.8% US 11.4% Australia 5% South Korea 4.1% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$1.217 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.233 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.233 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 2
Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
$238.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$205.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$205.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 25
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
$1.363 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.26 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
$1.26 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 10
Exchange rates:
yen (JPY) per US dollar -
108.76 (2016 est.)
108.76 (2015 est.)
121.02 (2014 est.)
97.44 (2013 est.)
79.79 (2012 est.)
108.76 (2016 est.)
108.76 (2015 est.)
121.02 (2014 est.)
97.44 (2013 est.)
79.79 (2012 est.)
Japan - Energy 2017
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100%
Production: 976.3 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Production rank: 6
Consumption: 933.6 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Consumption rank: 5
Exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 152
Imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 163
Installed generating capacity: 322.2 million kW (2015 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 4
Generation sources fossil fuels: 59.5% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 130
Generation sources nuclear: 12.5% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 14
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 126
Generation sources other renewable sources: 15% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 48
Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 3,918 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 84
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 142
Crude oil imports: 3.181 million bbl/day (2016 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 4
Crude oil proven reserves: 44.12 million bbl (1 January 2017 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 80
Refined petroleum
Products production: 3.536 million bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products production rank: 6
Products consumption: 4.026 million bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 5
Products exports: 381,100 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products exports rank: 21
Products imports: 1.141 million bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products imports rank: 5
Natural gas
Production: 4.453 billion m³ (2015 est.)
Production rank: 53
Consumption: 123.6 billion m³ (2015 est.)
Consumption rank: 10
Exports: 0 m³ (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 125
Imports: 114.7 billion m³ (2015 est.)
Imports rank: 2
Proven reserves: 20.9 billion m³ (1 January 2017 es)
Proven reserves rank: 76
Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 1.257 billion Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 6
Japan - Communication 2017
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 64,024,938
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 51
Fixed lines rank: 4
Mobile cellular total: 164,265,142
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130
Mobile cellular rank: 8
Telephone system
General assessment: excellent domestic and international service
Domestic: high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind
International: country code - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia Australia the Middle East Europe and US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2012)
Broadcast media: a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2012)
Japan - Military 2017
top of pageMilitary expenditures:
0.93% of GDP (2016)
0.94% of GDP (2015)
0.96% of GDP (2014)
0.95% of GDP (2013)
0.97% of GDP (2012)
0.94% of GDP (2015)
0.96% of GDP (2014)
0.95% of GDP (2013)
0.97% of GDP (2012)
Rank: 102
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; mandatory retirement at age 53 for senior enlisted personnel and at 62 years for senior service officers (2012)
Japan - Transportation 2017
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 23
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 627
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 113.762 million
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 8,869 million mt-km
Airports: 175 (2013)
Rank: 33
With paved runways total: 142
With paved runways over 3047 m: 6
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 45
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 38
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 28
With paved runways under 914 m: 25
With unpaved runways total: 33
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 5
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 28
Railways
Total: 27,311 km
Standard gauge: 4,800 km 1.435-m gauge
Dual gauge: 132 km 1.435-1.067-m gauge
Narrow gauge: 124 km 1.372-m gauge ; 22,207 km 1.067-m gauge (15,430 km electrified); 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified) (2015)
Rank: 11
Merchant marine
Total: 684
By type: bulk carrier 168 cargo 34 carrier 3 chemical tanker 29 container 2 liquefied gas 58 passenger 11 passenger/cargo 117 petroleum tanker 152 refrigerated cargo 4 roll on/roll off 52 vehicle carrier 54
Registered in other countries: 3,122 (2010)
Rank: 16
Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Chiba Kawasaki Kobe Mizushima Moji Nagoya Osaka Tokyo Tomakomai Yokohama
Container port: Kobe (2,707,000) Nagoya (2,631,000) Osaka (1,970,000) Tokyo (4,150,000) Yokohama (2,787,000) (2015)
LNG terminal: Chita Fukwoke Futtsu Hachinone Hakodate Hatsukaichi Higashi Ohgishima Higashi Niigata Himeiji Joetsu Kagoshima Kawagoe Kita Kyushu Mizushima Nagasaki Naoetsu Negishi Ohgishima Oita Sakai Sakaide Senboku Shimizu Shin Minato Sodegaura Tobata Yanai Yokkaichi; Okinawa - Nakagusuku
Japan - Transnational issues 2017
top of pageDisputes international: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu Kunashiri and Shikotan and the Habomai group known in Japan as the 'Northern Territories' and in Russia as the 'Southern Kuril Islands' occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945 now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do) occupied by South Korea since 1954; the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands are also claimed by China and Taiwan
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Rank: li>a href='../rankorder/rankorderguide.html'>Guide to Country Comparisons
Stateless persons: 626
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