Background: The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918 the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia which though communist distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe a strong economy and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen zone in 2007.

Geographic coordinates: 46 07 N 14 49 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 20,273 km²
Land: 20,151 km²
Water: 122 km²
Rank: 155
Comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey

Land boundaries
Total: 1211 km
Border countries: (4) Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

Coastline: 46.6 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: Mediterranean climate on the coast continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Terrain: a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Elevation
Mean elevation: 492 m
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m: highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

Natural resources: lignite lead zinc building stone hydropower forests

Land use
Agricultural land: 22.8%
Forest: 62.3%
Other: 14.9%

Irrigated land: 60 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: flooding; earthquakes

Geography
Note: despite its small size this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Population
Distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere: 1,972,126 (July 2017 est.)
Rank: 147
Growth rate: -0.31% (2017 est.)
Growth rate rank: 219
Below poverty line: 14.3% (2015 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Slovene
Adjective: Slovenian

Ethnic groups: Slovene 83.1% Serb 2% Croat 1.8% Bosniak 1.1% other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)

Languages: Slovenian (official) 91.1% Serbo-Croatian 4.5% other or unspecified 4.4% Italian (official only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside) Hungarian (official only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)

Religions: Catholic 57.8% Muslim 2.4% Orthodox 2.3% other Christian 0.9% unaffiliated 3.5% other or unspecified 23% none 10.1% (2002 census)

Age structure
0-14 years: 13.32%
15-24 years: 9.45%
25-54 years: 42.9%
55-64 years: 14.83%
65 years and over: 19.51% (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 48.7
Youth dependency ratio: 21.9
Elderly dependency ratio: 26.8
Potential support ratio: 3.7

Median age
Total: 44.5 years
Male: 42.8 years
Female: 46.2 years
Rank: 9

Population growth rate: -0.31% (2017 est.)
Rank: 219

Birth rate: 8.2 births/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 221

Death rate: 11.6 deaths/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 26

Net migration rate: 0.4 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 66

Population distribution: a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

Urbanization
Urban population: 49.6% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 0.18% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: LJUBLJANA (capital) 279,000 (2014)

Environment
Current issues: Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage from urban air pollution and resulting acid rain
International agreements party to: Air Pollution Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Air Pollution-Sulfur 94 Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Law of the Sea Marine Dumping Ozone Layer Protection Ship Pollution Wetlands Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.07 male/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male/female
Total population: 0.95 male/female

Mothers mean age at first birth: 29.1 years (2014 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 3.9 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 4.4 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 3.4 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 194

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 78.3 years
Male: 74.8 years
Female: 82.2 years
Rank: 62

Total fertility rate: 1.36 children born/woman (2017 est.)
Rank: 213

Drinking water source:

Physicians density: 2.77 physicians/1000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density: 4.6 beds/1000 population (2013)

Sanitation facility access:

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: .1% (2016 est.)
People living with hivaids: 1000 (2016 est.)
Deaths: 100 (2016 est.)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.2% (2016)
Rank: 102

Education expenditures: 5.5% of GDP (2013)
Rank: 51

Literacy
Definition: NA
Total population: 99.7%
Male: 99.7%
Female: 99.7%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 17 years
Male: 17 years
Female: 18 years

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
Conventional short form: Slovenia
Local long form: Republika Slovenija
Local short form: Slovenija
Former: People's Republic of Slovenia Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Etymology: related to the Slavic autonym 'Slovenin' a derivation from 'slovo' (word) denoting 'people who speak (the same language)' (i.e. people who understand each other)

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Ljubljana
Geographic coordinates: 46 03 N 14 31 E
Time difference: UTC+1
Daylight saving time: +1hr begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: Majsperk Makole Markovci Medvode Menges Metlika Mezica Miklavz na Dravskem Polju Miren-Kostanjevica Mirna Mirna Pec Mislinja Mokronog-Trebelno Moravce Moravske Toplice Mozirje Muta Naklo Nazarje Odranci Oplotnica Ormoz Osilnica Pesnica Piran/Pirano Pivka Podcetrtek Podlehnik Podvelka Poljcane Polzela Postojna Prebold Preddvor Prevalje Puconci Race-Fram Radece Radenci Radlje ob Dravi Radovljica Ravne na Koroskem Razkrizje Recica ob Savinji Rence-Vogrsko Ribnica Ribnica na Pohorju Rogaska Slatina Rogasovci Rogatec Ruse Selnica ob Dravi Semic Sevnica Sezana Slovenska Bistrica Slovenske Konjice Sodrazica Solcava Sredisce ob Dravi Starse Straza Sveta Ana Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah Sveti Tomaz Salovci Sempeter-Vrtojba Sencur Sentilj Sentjernej Sentjur Sentrupert Skocjan Skofja Loka Skofljica Smarje pri Jelsah Smarjeske Toplice Smartno ob Paki Smartno pri Litiji Sostanj Store Tabor Tisina Tolmin Trbovlje Trebnje Trnovska Vas Trzic Trzin Turnisce Velika Polana Velike Lasce Verzej Videm Vipava Vitanje Vodice Vojnik Vransko Vrhnika Vuzenica Zagorje ob Savi Zalec Zavrc Zelezniki Zetale Ziri Zirovnica Zrece Zuzemberk
Municipalities: Ajdovscina Ankaran Apace Beltinci Benedikt Bistrica ob Sotli Bled Bloke Bohinj Borovnica Bovec Braslovce Brda Brezice Brezovica Cankova Cerklje na Gorenjskem Cerknica Cerkno Cerkvenjak Cirkulane Crensovci Crna na Koroskem Crnomelj Destrnik Divaca Dobje Dobrepolje Dobrna Dobrova-Polhov Gradec Dobrovnik/Dobronak Dolenjske Toplice Dol pri Ljubljani Domzale Dornava Dravograd Duplek Gorenja Vas-Poljane Gorisnica Gorje Gornja Radgona Gornji Grad Gornji Petrovci Grad Grosuplje Hajdina Hoce-Slivnica Hodos Horjul Hrastnik Hrpelje-Kozina Idrija Ig Ilirska Bistrica Ivancna Gorica Izola/Isola Jesenice Jezersko Jursinci Kamnik Kanal Kidricevo Kobarid Kobilje Kocevje Komen Komenda Kosanjevica na Krki Kostel Kozje Kranjska Gora Krizevci Krsko Kungota Kuzma Lasko Lenart Lendava/Lendva Litija Ljubno Ljutomer Log-Dragomer Logatec Loska Dolina Loski Potok Lovrenc na Pohorju Luce Lukovica
Urban municipalities: Celje Koper-Capodistria Kranj Ljubljana Maribor Murska Sobota Nova Gorica Novo Mesto Ptuj Slovenj Gradec Velenje

Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday: Independence Day/Statehood Day 25 June (1991)

Constitution
History: previous 1974 ; latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991
Amendments: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members by the government or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times last in 2015

Legal system: civil law system

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes for select cases
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years the last 5 of which have been continuous

Suffrage: 18 years of age 16 if employed; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Borut PAHOR
Head of government: Prime Minister Miro CERAR
Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister elected by the National Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term ; election last held on 22 October and 12 November 2017 (next election schedule for 2022); following National Assembly elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly
Election results: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR 47.1% Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25% Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7% Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2% other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9% Marjan SAREC 47.1%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11

Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council or Drzavni Svet and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
Elections: National Assembly - last held on 13 July 2014
Election results: percent of vote by party - SMC 34.5% SDS 20.7% DeSUS 10.2% ZL 6% SD 6% NSi 5.6% ZaAB 4.4% other 12.6%; seats by party - SMC 36 SDS 21 DeSUS 10 ZL 6 SD 6 NSi 5 ZaAB 4 Hungarian minority 1 Italian minority 1
Note: as of January 2017 seats by party - SMC 35 SDS 19 DeSUS 11 ZL 6 SD 6 NSi 5 Hungarian minority 1 Italian minority 1 unaffiliated 6

Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court ; Constitutional Court (consists of the court president vice president and 7 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president attorneys law universities and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among their own for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
Subordinate courts: county district regional and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

Political parties and leaders:
Inactive: Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia; reportedly inactive since 2009

International organization participation: Australia Group BIS CD CE CEI EAPC EBRD ECB EIB EMU ESA (cooperating state) EU FAO IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICCt ICRM IDA IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM IPU ISO ITU MIGA NATO NEA NSG OAS (observer) OECD OIF (observer) OPCW OSCE PCA Schengen Convention SELEC UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNIFIL UNTSO UNWTO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Stanislav VIDOVIC
In the us chancery: 2,410 California Street N.W. Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] 386-6,601
In the us FAX: [1] 386-6,633
In the us consulate general: Cleveland
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Brent Robert HARTLEY
From the us embassy: Presernova 31 1000 Ljubljana
From the us mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana US Department of State 7,140 Ljubljana Place Washington DC 20,521-7,140
From the us telephone: [386] 200-5,500
From the us FAX: [386] 200-5,555

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top) blue and red derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav Slovenia's highest peak in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje the prominent Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

National symbols: Mount Triglav; national colors: white blue red

National anthem
Name: 'Zdravljica'
Lyrics and music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
Note: adopted 1989; originally written in 1848; the full poem whose seventh verse is used as the anthem speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

Economy overview:

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 99

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 110

Real gdp per capita:
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 58

Gross national saving:
Rank: 43

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 51.8%
Government consumption: 19%
Investment in fixed capital: 18.4%
Investment in inventories: 1.3%
Exports of goods and services: 79.2%
Imports of goods and services: -69.6%

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 2.3%
Industry: 32.4%
Services: 65.3%

Agriculture products: hops wheat coffee corn apples pears; cattle sheep poultry

Industries: ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics) trucks automobiles electric power equipment wood products textiles chemicals machine tools

Industrial production growth rate: 2.8% (2016 est.)
Rank: 88

Labor force: 920,400 (2016 est.)
Rank: 149
By occupation agriculture: 3.7%
By occupation industry: 31.7%
By occupation services: 64.6%

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 142

Population below poverty line: 14.3% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 3.8%
Highest 10: 20.2%

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 147

Budget
Revenues: $19.2 billion
Expenditures: $20.01 billion
Surplus or deficit: -1.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 83

Taxes and other revenues: 43.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Rank: 28

Public debt:
Note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government state government local government and social security funds
Rank: 37

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 45

Central bank discount rate:
Note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
Rank: 150

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 170

Stock of narrow money:
Note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Rank: 69

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 83

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 77

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Rank: 84

Current account balance:
Rank: 32

Exports:
Rank: 61
Commodities: manufactured goods machinery and transport equipment chemicals food
Partners: Germany 19.3% Italy 10.4% Austria 7.5% Croatia 7.3% Hungary 4.4% France 4.1% (2016)

Imports:
Rank: 65
Commodities: machinery and transport equipment manufactured goods chemicals fuels and lubricants food
Partners: Germany 16.8% Italy 13.5% Austria 9.9% Croatia 5.5% China 4.8% Turkey 4.4% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 131

Debt external:
Rank: 64

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 88

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 64

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100%
Production: 16.53 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 84
Consumption: 14.57 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 80
Exports: 10.28 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 22
Imports: 8.325 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 30
Installed generating capacity: 3.37 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 95
Generation sources fossil fuels: 31.8% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 184
Generation sources nuclear: 34.4% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 2
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 31.9% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 66
Generation sources other renewable sources: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 127

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 5 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 101
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 189
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 188
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2017 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 191

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products production rank: 196
Products consumption: 52,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 104
Products exports: 28,400 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products exports rank: 63
Products imports: 87,530 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products imports rank: 61

Natural gas
Production: 4.5 million m³ (2016 est.)
Production rank: 99
Consumption: 836.5 million m³ (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 103
Exports: 0 m³ (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 181
Imports: 832 million m³ (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 62
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (2016 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 193

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 14.3 million Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 92

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 731,320
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37
Fixed lines rank: 88
Mobile cellular total: 2,385,757
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121
Mobile cellular rank: 149

Telephone system
General assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure
Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 155 telephones per 100 persons
International: country code - 386

Broadcast media: public TV broadcaster Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV) operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally regionally and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)

Internet
Country code: .si
Users total: 1,493,382
Users percent of population: 75.5%
Users rank: 115

Military expenditures:
Rank: 85

Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 35
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,130,637
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,349,442 mt-km

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: S5 (2016)

Airports: 16 (2013)
Rank: 143
With paved runways total: 7
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 3
With paved runways under 914 m: 1
With unpaved runways total: 9
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 3
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 5

Pipelines: gas 844 km; oil 5 km (2013)

Railways
Total: 1229 km
Standard gauge: 1229 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 85

Roadways
Total: 38,985 km
Paved: 38,985 km (2012)
Rank: 91

Waterways: (some transport on the Drava River) (2012)

Merchant marine
Registered in other countries: 24 (2010)
Rank: 90

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Koper

Disputes international
Rank: li>a href='../rankorder/rankorderguide.html'>Guide to Country Comparisons: since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009 however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Note: 477,791 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals ; migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts fewer than 250 asylum seekers as of September 2017

Illicit drugs: minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe and for precursor chemicals