Statistics Uzbekistan 
Uzbekistan in the World
Uzbekistan - Introduction 2017
top of pageBackground: Russia conquered the territory of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era intensive production of 'white gold' (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies which have left the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991 upon the dissolution of the USSR the country has reduced its dependence on the cotton monoculture by diversifying agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base. Uzbekistan’s first president Islom KARIMOV led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in September 2016. The political transition to his successor then-Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV was peaceful but sidelined the constitutional process where the chairman of the Senate would have served as the acting president. MIRZIYOYEV who won the presidential election in December 2016 has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic and judicial reforms.
Area
Total: 447,400 km²
Land: 425,400 km²
Water: 22,000 km²
Rank: 58
Comparative: about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
Land boundaries
Total: 6,893 km
Border countries: (5) Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1314 km; Tajikistan 1312 km; Turkmenistan 1793 km
Coastline: 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Elevation
Mean elevation: NA
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m: highest point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Natural resources: natural gas petroleum coal gold uranium silver copper lead and zinc tungsten molybdenum
Land use
Agricultural land: 62.6%
arable land: 10.1%
permanent crops: 0.8%
permanent pasture: 51.7%
permanent crops: 0.8%
permanent pasture: 51.7%
Forest: 7.7%
Other: 29.7%
Geography
Note: along with Liechtenstein one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Uzbekistan - People 2017
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated: 29,748,859 (July 2017 est.)
Rank: 44
Growth rate: 0.93% (2017 est.)
Growth rate rank: 127
Below poverty line: 14% (2016 est.)
Ethnic groups: Uzbek 80% Russian 5.5% Tajik 5% Kazakh 3% Karakalpak 2.5% Tatar 1.5% other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Languages: Uzbek (official) 74.3% Russian 14.2% Tajik 4.4% other 7.1%
Note: in the Karakalpakstan Republic both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.88%
15-24 years: 18.52%
25-54 years: 44.49%
55-64 years: 7.85%
65 years and over: 5.25% (2017 est.)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 47.7
Youth dependency ratio: 41.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.2
Potential support ratio: 16
Population distribution: most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
Urbanization
Urban population: 36.6% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 1.62% annual rate of change
Environment
Current issues: shrinkage of the Aral Sea has resulted in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification and respiratory health problems; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals including DDT
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes Ozone Layer Protection Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male/female
55-64 years: 0.9 male/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male/female
Total population: 0.99 male/female
Infant mortality rate
Total: 18 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 21.4 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 14.4 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 90
Drinking water source:
urban: 98.5% of population
rural: 80.9% of population
total: 87.3% of population
urban: 1.5% of population
rural: 19.1% of population
total: 12.7% of population (2012 est.)
rural: 80.9% of population
total: 87.3% of population
urban: 1.5% of population
rural: 19.1% of population
total: 12.7% of population (2012 est.)
Sanitation facility access:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Uzbekistan - Government 2017
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan
Conventional short form: Uzbekistan
Local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi
Local short form: O'zbekiston
Former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Etymology: a combination of the Turkic words 'uz' and 'bek' (master) with the Persian suffix '-stan' (country) to give the meaning 'Land of the Free'
Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (viloyatlar singular - viloyat) 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi) and 1 city** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati Buxoro Viloyati Farg'ona Viloyati Jizzax Viloyati Namangan Viloyati Navoiy Viloyati Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi) Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus) Samarqand Viloyati Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston) Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz) Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]** Toshkent Viloyati [Tashkent province] Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch)
Note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers
Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992
Amendments: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times last in 2014
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Executive branch
Chief of state: President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV
Head of government: Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV ; First Deputy Prime Minister Achilbay RAMATOV (since 15 December 2016)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term ; election last held on 4 December 2016 (next to be held in 2021); prime minister nominated by majority party in legislature since 2011 but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president
Election results: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV elected president; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV 88.6% Khatamjon KETMONOV (NDP) 3.7% Narimon UMAROV (Adolat) 3.5% Sarvar OTAMURADOV (Milliy Tiklanish/National Revival) 2.4% other 1.8%
Legislative branch
Description: bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of the Senate and the Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats; 135 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed and 15 indirectly elected by the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan; members serve 5-year terms)
Note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV
Elections: last held on 21 December 2014 and 4 January 2015
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 52 National Revival Democratic Party 36 NDP 27 Adolat 20 Ecological Movement 15
Judicial branch
Highest court: Supreme Court ; Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for initial 5-year term subsequent 10-year term and lifetime term subject to reappointment
Subordinate courts: regional district city and town courts; economic courts
Political parties and leaders:
Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV]
Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV]
National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Sarvar OTAMURATOV]
People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)
Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV]
Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV]
National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Sarvar OTAMURATOV]
People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)
International organization participation: ADB CICA CIS EAPC EBRD ECO FAO IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC (national committees) ICCt ICRM IDA IDB IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF Interpol IOC ISO ITSO ITU MIGA NAM OIC OPCW OSCE PFP SCO UN UN Security Council (temporary) UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNWTO UPU WCO WFTU (NGOs) WHO WIPO WMO WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Javlon VAHOBOV
In the us chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] 887-5,300
In the us FAX: [1] 293-6,804
In the us consulate general: New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN
From the us embassy: 3 Moyqo'rq'on 5th Block Yunusobod District Tashkent 100,093
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [998] 120-5,450
From the us FAX: [998] 120-6,335
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top) white and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon (closed side to the hoist) and 12 white stars shifted to the hoist on the top band; blue is the color of the Turkic peoples and of the sky white signifies peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds while green represents nature and is the color of Islam; the red stripes are the vital force of all living organisms that links good and pure ideas with the eternal sky and with deeds on earth; the crescent represents Islam and the 12 stars the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
National anthem
Name: 'O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi'
Lyrics and music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV
Note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics
Uzbekistan - Economy 2017
top of pageEconomy overview:
Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991 the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production prices and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments and export of natural gas gold and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. In early 2016 Russia’s Gazprom announced it planned to increase purchases of Uzbek gas.
Aware of the need to improve the investment climate the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV rhetorical emphasis on such initiatives and ostensible government efforts to seek input from the private sector have increased. In the past Uzbek authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets. At the same time the Uzbek Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations offering financing and tax advantages.
In 2003 the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF providing for full currency convertibility. However strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity and the government has lately raised the issue of currency reform in a number of official decrees and proclamations. Recently lower global commodity prices and economic slowdown in neighboring Russia and China have been hurting Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsening its problem of foreign currency shortage.
Aware of the need to improve the investment climate the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV rhetorical emphasis on such initiatives and ostensible government efforts to seek input from the private sector have increased. In the past Uzbek authorities have accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets. At the same time the Uzbek Government has actively courted several major US and international corporations offering financing and tax advantages.
In 2003 the government accepted Article VIII obligations under the IMF providing for full currency convertibility. However strict currency controls and tightening of borders have lessened the effects of convertibility and have also led to some shortages that have further stifled economic activity and the government has lately raised the issue of currency reform in a number of official decrees and proclamations. Recently lower global commodity prices and economic slowdown in neighboring Russia and China have been hurting Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsening its problem of foreign currency shortage.
Real gdp purchasing power parity:
$205.6 billion (2016 est.)
$188.4 billion (2015 est.)
$172.5 billion (2014 est.)
$188.4 billion (2015 est.)
$172.5 billion (2014 est.)
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 64
Real gdp per capita:
$6,600 (2016 est.)
$6,200 (2015 est.)
$5,800 (2014 est.)
$6,200 (2015 est.)
$5,800 (2014 est.)
Note: data are in 2016 dollars
Rank: 159
Gross national saving:
31.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
31.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
32.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
31.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
32.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
Rank: 56
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 60.1%
Government consumption: 16.5%
Investment in fixed capital: 24.8%
Investment in inventories: 3%
Exports of goods and services: 19.9%
Imports of goods and services: -21.2%
Industries: textiles food processing machine building metallurgy mining hydrocarbon extraction chemicals
Labor force: 17.85 million (2016 est.)
Rank: 35
By occupation agriculture: 25.9%
By occupation industry: 13.2%
By occupation services: 60.9%
Unemployment rate:
4.9% (2016 est.)
4.9% (2015 est.)
4.9% (2015 est.)
Note: official data; another 20% are underemployed
Rank: 65
Budget
Revenues: $21.37 billion
Expenditures: $21.31 billion
Surplus or deficit: 0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 40
Inflation rate consumer prices:
8% (2016 est.)
10% (2015 est.)
10% (2015 est.)
Note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices inflation reached 22% in 2012
Rank: 208
Stock of narrow money:
$7.555 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7.403 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$7.403 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 89
Stock of broad money:
$17.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$16.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$16.26 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 92
Stock of domestic credit:
$11.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$11.78 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 104
Exports:
$11.2 billion (2016 est.)
$11.5 billion (2015 est.)
$11.5 billion (2015 est.)
Rank: 83
Commodities: energy products cotton gold mineral fertilizers ferrous and nonferrous metals textiles foodstuffs machinery automobiles
Partners: Switzerland 35.1% China 19.7% Russia 9.3% Turkey 8.7% Kazakhstan 7.2% Bangladesh 5.4% Afghanistan 4.9% (2016)
Imports:
$10.91 billion (2016 est.)
$12 billion (2015 est.)
$12 billion (2015 est.)
Rank: 93
Commodities: machinery and equipment foodstuffs chemicals ferrous and nonferrous metals
Partners: China 22.2% Russia 18% South Korea 10.5% Kazakhstan 10% Turkey 5.8% Germany 5.2% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$14 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$15 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Rank: 68
Exchange rates:
Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar -
2,967 (2016 est.)
2,967 (2015 est.)
2,570 (2014 est.)
2,311 (2013 est.)
1890.1 (2012 est.)
2,967 (2016 est.)
2,967 (2015 est.)
2,570 (2014 est.)
2,311 (2013 est.)
1890.1 (2012 est.)
Uzbekistan - Energy 2017
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100%
Production: 59 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 49
Consumption: 48 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Consumption rank: 52
Exports: 13 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 17
Imports: 13 billion kWh (2014 est.)
Imports rank: 21
Installed generating capacity: 12.93 million kW (2015 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 54
Generation sources fossil fuels: 86.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 73
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 202
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 13.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 110
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 211
Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 52,910 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 52
Crude oil exports: 27,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 50
Crude oil imports: 380 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 81
Crude oil proven reserves: 594 million bbl (1 January 2017 es)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 47
Refined petroleum
Products production: 63,650 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products production rank: 78
Products consumption: 61,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products consumption rank: 96
Products exports: 4,102 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products exports rank: 98
Products imports: 0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Products imports rank: 215
Natural gas
Production: 55.7 billion m³ (2015 est.)
Production rank: 16
Consumption: 7.55 billion m³ (2015 est.)
Consumption rank: 54
Exports: 14.7 billion m³ (2014 est.)
Exports rank: 17
Imports: 0 m³ (2013 est.)
Imports rank: 203
Proven reserves: 1.841 trillion m³ (1 January 2017 es)
Proven reserves rank: 20
Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 109 million Mt (2013 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 37
Uzbekistan - Communication 2017
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 3,412,921
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12
Fixed lines rank: 53
Mobile cellular total: 23,265,389
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 79
Mobile cellular rank: 56
Telephone system
General assessment: digital exchanges in large cities and in rural areas
Domestic: the state-owned telecommunications company Uzbektelecom owner of the fixed-line telecommunications system has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to upgrade fixed-line services including conversion to digital exchanges; mobile-cellular services are provided by three private and two state-owned operators with a total subscriber base of 23 million as of mid-2016
International: country code - 998; linked by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; the country also has a link to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable; Uzbekistan has supported the national fiber- optic backbone project of Afghanistan since 2008 (2016)
Broadcast media: government controls media; 18 state-owned broadcasters - 14 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations overseen by local officials broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013 the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media (NAEMM) of Uzbekistan a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media; in 2015 the NAEMM relaunched its TV channel under a different name (2017)
Uzbekistan - Military 2017
top of pageMilitary service age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-month or 1-year conscript service obligation for males; moving toward a professional military but conscription in some form will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities; note - widely considered to have one of the strongest militaries in Central Asia although it is untested (2016)
Uzbekistan - Transportation 2017
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 2
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 29
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,486,673
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 114,334,520 mt-km
Airports: 53 (2013)
Rank: 89
With paved runways total: 33
With paved runways over 3047 m: 6
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 13
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 6
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 4
With paved runways under 914 m: 4
With unpaved runways total: 20
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 18
Uzbekistan - Transnational issues 2017
top of pageDisputes international: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas
Illicit drugs
Rank: li>a href='../rankorder/rankorderguide.html'>Guide to Country Comparisons: transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and to a lesser extent Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
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