Background: The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics under the strong hand of Marshal Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in April 2009 and the EU in July 2013.

Geographic coordinates: 45 10 N, 15 30 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 56,594 km²
Land: 55,974 km²
Water: 620 km²
Rank: 128
Comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries
Total: 2,237 km
Border countries: (5) Bosnia and Herzegovina 956 km; , Hungary 348 km; , Montenegro 19 km; , Serbia 314 km; , Slovenia 600 km

Coastline: 5,835 km
Note: (mainland 1777 km islands 4,058 km)

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Elevation
Mean elevation: 331 m
Elevation extremes: 0 m
Note: lowest point: Adriatic Sea

Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Land use
Agricultural land: 23.7% (2011 est.)
Forest: 34.4% (2011 est.)
Other: 41.9% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 240 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes

Geography
Note: controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks

Population
Distribution: more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated: 4,270,480 (July 2018 est.)
Rank: 127
Growth rate: -0.51% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 221
Below poverty line: 19.5% (2015 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Croat(s), Croatian(s)
Adjective: Croatian: note: the French designation of 'Croate' to Croatian mercenaries in the 17th century eventually became 'Cravate' and later came to be applied to the soldiers' scarves - the cravat; Croatia celebrates Cravat Day every 18 October

Ethnic groups: Croat 90.4%, Serb 4.4%, other 4.4% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Romani), unspecified 0.8% (2011 est.)

Languages: Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 86.3%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.5%, not religious or atheist 3.8% (2011 est.)

Age structure
0-14 years: 14.21% (male 312,805 /female 293,931)
15-24 years: 11.09% (male 242,605 /female 230,853)
25-54 years: 40.15% (male 858,025 /female 856,455)
55-64 years: 14.65% (male 304,054 /female 321,543)
65 years and over: 19.91% (male 342,025 /female 508,184) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 50.9 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 22.4 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 28.5 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 3.5 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 43.3 years
Male: 41.4 years
Female: 45.3 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 20

Population growth rate: -0.51% (2018 est.)
Rank: 221

Birth rate: 8.8 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 208

Death rate: 12.4 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 16

Net migration rate: -1.7 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 151

Population distribution: more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated

Urbanization
Urban population: 56.9% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: -0.08% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 686,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2018)

Environment
Current issues: air pollution improving but still a concern in urban settings and in emissions arriving from neighboring countries; surface water pollution in the Danube River Basin
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 28 years (2014 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 9.1 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 8.8 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Female: 9.3 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Rank: 144

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.3 years (2018 est.)
Male: 73.2 years (2018 est.)
Female: 79.6 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 87

Total fertility rate: 1.41 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 212

Drinking water source
Urban: 0.4% of population
Rural: 0.3% of population
Total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)

Physicians density: 3.13 physicians/1000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density: 5.6 beds/1000 population (2015)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 2.2% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 4.2% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 3% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate note: <.1% (2016 est.)
People living with hivaids: 1500 (2016 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 131
Deaths note: <100 (2016 est.)

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: intermediate (2016)
Vectorborne diseases: tickborne encephalitis (2016)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 24.4% (2016)
Rank: 59

Education expenditures: 4.6% of GDP (2013)
Rank: 88

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Total population: 99.3% (2015 est.)
Male: 99.7% (2015 est.)
Female: 98.9% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years (2014)
Male: 15 years (2014)
Female: 16 years (2014)

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
Conventional short form: Croatia
Local long form: Republika Hrvatska
Local short form: Hrvatska
Former: Peoples Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Etymology: name derives from the Croats, a Slavic tribe who migrated to the Balkans in the 7th century A.D.

Government type: parliamentary republic

Capital
Name: Zagreb
Geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular) and 1 city* (grad - singular) with special county status; Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska(Bjelovar-Bilogora), Brodsko-Posavska (Brod-Posavina), Dubrovacko-Neretvanska (Dubrovnik-Neretva), Istarska (Istria), Karlovacka (Karlovac), Koprivnicko-Krizevacka (Koprivnica-Krizevci), Krapinsko-Zagorska (Krapina-Zagorje), Licko-Senjska (Lika-Senj), Medimurska (Medimurje), Osjecko-Baranjska (Osijek-Baranja), Pozesko-Slavonska (Pozega-Slavonia), Primorsko-Goranska (Primorje-Gorski Kotar), Sibensko-Kninska (Sibenik-Knin), Sisacko-Moslavacka (Sisak-Moslavina), Splitsko-Dalmatinska (Split-Dalmatia), Varazdinska (Varazdin), Viroviticko-Podravska (Virovitica-Podravina), Vukovarsko-Srijemska (Vukovar-Syrmia), Zadarska (Zadar), Zagreb*, Zagrebacka (Zagreb county)

Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia) established)

National holiday: Independence Day, 8 October (1991) and Statehood Day, 25 June (1991); note - 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; following a three-month moratorium to allow the European Community to solve the Yugoslav crisis peacefully, parliament adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990 (2016)
Amendments: proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014 (2016)

Legal system: civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (since 19 February 2015)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrej PLENKOVIC (since 19 October 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Damir KRSTICEVIC (since 19 October 2016), Predrag STROMAR (since 9 June 2017), Marija Pejcinovic BURIC (since 19 June 2017), and Tomislav TOLUSIC (since 25 May 2018)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 December 2014 and 11 January 2015 (next to be held in 2019); the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president and approved by the Assembly
Election results: Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC elected president in second round; percent of vote - Kolinda GRABAR-KITAROVIC (HDZ) 50.7%, Ivo JOSIPOVIC (Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance) 49.3%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly or Hrvatski Sabor (151 seats; 140 members in 10 multi-seat constituencies and 3 members in a single constituency for Croatian diaspora directly elected by proportional representation vote using the DHondt method with a 5% threshold; an additional 8 members elected from a nationwide constituency by simple majority by voters belonging to minorities recognized by Croatia; the Serb minority elects 3 Assembly members, the Hungarian and Italian minorities elect 1 each, the Czech and Slovak minorities elect 1 jointly, and all other minorities elect 2; all members serve 4-year terms
Elections: last held on 11 September 2016 as a snap election following dissolution of the Assembly on 15 July 2016 (next to be held by 23 December 2020)
Election results: percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; number of seats by coalition/party - HDZ coalition 61, Peoples Coalition 54, Most-HL 13, Only Option 8, minorities 8 (includes SDSS 3), other 7; composition - men 123, women 28, percent of women 18.5%: note: as of August 2017, seats by party - HDZ 55, SDP 37, MOST-NL 12, HNS 5, HSS 5, GLAS 4, Human Blockade 3, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HDS 2, PH 2, other 7, independent 13

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)
Judge selection and term of office: president of Supreme Court nominated by president of Croatia and elected by Croatian Sabor for a 4-year term; other Supreme Court justices appointed by National Judicial Council; all judges serve until age 70
Subordinate courts: Administrative Court; county, municipal, and specialized courts; note - there is an 11-member Constitutional Court with jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues but is outside Croatias judicial system

Political parties and leaders: Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA]Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV]Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [David BREGOVAC]Croatian Party of Rights - Dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Hrvoje NICE]Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC]Human Blockade ('Living Wall') [Ivan PERNAR and Vilibor SINCIC]Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC]Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC]Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC]Smart Party or PAMETNO [Marijana PULJAK]Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Davor BERNARDIC]

International organization participation: Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EMU, EU, FAO, G-11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Pjer SIMUNOVIC (since 8 September 2017)
In the us chancery: 2,343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 588-5,899
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 588-8,936
In the us consulate: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador W. Robert KOHORST (since 12 January 2018)
From the us embassy: 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10,010 Zagreb
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: [385] (1) 661-2,200
From the us FAX: [385] (1) 661-2,373

Flag description:

National symbols: red-white checkerboard; national colors: red, white, blue

National anthem
Name: Lijepa nasa domovino (Our Beautiful Homeland)
Lyricsmusic: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN: note: adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; 'Lijepa nasa domovino,' whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891

Economy overview: Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia’s economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable.Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019.Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia’s GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe.Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia’s economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia’s largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 85

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 121

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 81

Gross national saving:
Rank: 62

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 57.3% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 19.5% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 51.1% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -48.8% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 3.7% (2017 est.)
Industry: 26.2% (2017 est.)
Services: 70.1% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products

Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (2017 est.)
Rank: 148

Labor force: 1.559 million (2017 est.)
Rank: 130
By occupation agriculture: 1.9%
By occupation industry: 27.3%
By occupation services: 70.8% (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 164

Population below poverty line: 19.5% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 23% (2015 est.)
Highest 10: 23% (2015 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 127

Budget
Revenues: 25.24 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 24.83 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: 0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 35

Taxes and other revenues: 46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 21

Public debt:
Rank: 38

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 57

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 109

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 162

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 75

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 76

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 70

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Rank: 66

Current account balance:
Rank: 39

Exports:
Rank: 82
Partners: Italy 13.4%, Germany 12.2%, Slovenia 10.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.8%, Austria 6.2%, Serbia 4.8% (2017)
Commodities: transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Imports:
Rank: 72
Commodities: machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs
Partners: Germany 15.7%, Italy 12.9%, Slovenia 10.7%, Hungary 7.5%, Austria 7.5% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 60

Debt external:
Rank: 67

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 61

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 67

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2016)
Production: 12.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 95
Consumption: 15.93 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 76
Exports: 3.2 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 42
Imports: 8.702 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 28
Installed generating capacity: 4.921 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 80
Generation sources fossil fuels: 45% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 160
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 74
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 40% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 52
Generation sources other renewable sources: 16% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 50

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 14,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 73
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 110
Crude oil imports: 55,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 55
Crude oil proven reserves: 71 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 74

Refined petroleum
Products production: 74,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 70
Products consumption: 73,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 91
Products exports: 40,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 58
Products imports: 35,530 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 94

Natural gas
Production: 1.048 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 67
Consumption: 2.577 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 77
Exports: 172.7 million m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 46
Imports: 1.841 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 54
Proven reserves: 24.92 billion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 71

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 17.96 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 89

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 1,401,354 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 64
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 4,315,580 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 101 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 125

Telephone system
General assessment: the telecommunications network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s, covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital; telecoms market in Croatia has been shaped by Croatia becoming part of the European Union in 2013, a process which opened up the market and the creation of a regulatory environment leading to competition;  mobile market has one of the highest penetration rates in the Balkans region; Government abolishes 6% tax on mobile services revenue; trials 5G technologies (2017)
Domestic: fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 33 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions 101 per 100 (2017)
International: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece (2016)

Broadcast media: the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)

Internet
Country code: .hr
Users total: 3,135,949 (July 2016 est.)
Users percent of population: 72.7% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 96

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 1,095,881 (2017 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2017 est.)
Rank: 69

Military expenditures:
Rank: 91

Military service age and obligation: 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2008 (2017)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 3 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 46 (2015)
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,782,666 (2015)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 775,320
Note: mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 9A (2016)

Airports: 69 (2013)
Rank: 72
With paved runways total: 24 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 2 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 6 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 3 (2017)
With paved runways under 914 m: 10 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 45 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 6 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 38 (2013)

Heliports: 1 (2013)

Pipelines: 2,410 km gas, 610 km oil (2011)

Railways
Total: 2,722 km (2014)
Standard gauge: 2,722 km
Note: 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2014)
Rank: 64

Roadways
Total: 26,958 km
Note: (includes 1416 km of expressways) (2015)
Rank: 99

Waterways: 785 km (2009)
Rank: 73

Merchant marine
Total: 288 (2017)
By type: bulk carrier 17, general cargo 39, oil tanker 18, other 214 (2017)
Rank: 54

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split
Oil terminal: Omisalj
River port: Vukovar (Danube)

Disputes international: dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreementsince the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirementsSerbia and Croatia have an unresolved border dispute along the Danube river and numerous other unresolved bilateral issues dating back to the conflicts in the 1990s

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Stateless persons: 2,873 (2017): note: 659,105 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2016); flows have slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018

Illicit drugs: primarily a transit country along the Balkan route for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe and other illicit drugs and chemical precursors to and from Western Europe; no significant domestic production of illicit drugs