Background: The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when they were defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations.Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government known as the National Transitional Council (NTC). In 2012, the NTC handed power to an elected parliament, the General National Congress (GNC). Voters chose a new parliament to replace the GNC in June 2014 - the House of Representatives (HoR), which relocated to the eastern city of Tobruk after fighting broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi.In October 2015, the UN brokered an agreement among a broad array of Libyan political parties and social groups - known as the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA). Members of the Libyan Political Dialogue, including representatives of the HoR and defunct-GNC, signed the LPA in December 2015. The LPA called for the formation of an interim Government of National Accord or GNA, with a nine-member Presidency Council, the HoR, and an advisory High Council of State that most ex-GNC members joined. The LPA’s roadmap for a transition to a new constitution and elected government was subsequently endorsed by UN Security Council Resolution 2,259, which also called upon member states to cease official contact with parallel institutions. In January 2016, the HoR voted to approve the LPA, including the Presidency Council, while voting against a controversial provision on security leadership positions and the Presidency Council’s proposed cabinet of ministers. In March 2016, the GNA Presidency Council seated itself in Tripoli. In 2016, the GNA twice announced a slate of ministers who operate in an acting capacity, but the HoR did not endorse the ministerial list. HoR and defunct-GNC-affiliated political hardliners continued to oppose the GNA and hamper the LPA’s implementation. In September 2017, UN Special Representative Ghassan SALAME announced a new roadmap for national political reconciliation. SALAME’s plan called for amendments to the LPA, a national conference of Libyan leaders, and a constitutional referendum and general elections.

Geographic coordinates: 25 00 N, 17 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 1,759,540 km²
Land: 1,759,540 km²
Water: 0 km²
Rank: 18
Comparative: about 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska

Land boundaries
Total: 4,339 km
Border countries: (6) Algeria 989 km; , Chad 1050 km; , Egypt 1115 km; , Niger 342 km; , Sudan 382 km; , Tunisia 461 km

Coastline: 1770 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive fishing zone: 62
Note: nm: note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north

Climate: Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Terrain: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions

Elevation
Mean elevation: 423 m
Elevation extremes: -47 m
Note: lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum

Land use
Agricultural land: 8.8% (2011 est.)
Forest: 0.1% (2011 est.)
Other: 91.1% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 4,700 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

Geography
Note: note 1: more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesertnote 2: the volcano Waw an Namus lies in south central Libya in the middle of the Sahara; the caldera is an oasis - the name means 'oasis of mosquitoes' - containing several small lakes surrounded by vegetation and hosting various insects and a large diversity of birds

Population
Distribution: well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water: note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2017)
Note: (July 2017 est.) (July 2018 est.)
Rank: 107
Growth rate: 1.45% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 77
Below poverty line: note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Libyan(s)
Adjective: Libyan

Ethnic groups: Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)

Languages: Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)

Religions:

Demographic profile: Despite continuing unrest, Libya remains a destination country for economic migrants. It is also a hub for transit migration to Europe because of its proximity to southern Europe and its lax border controls. Labor migrants have been drawn to Libya since the development of its oil sector in the 1960s. Until the latter part of the 1990s, most migrants to Libya were Arab (primarily Egyptians and Sudanese). However, international isolation stemming from Libya’s involvement in international terrorism and a perceived lack of support from Arab countries led QADHAFI in 1998 to adopt a decade-long pan-African policy that enabled large numbers of sub-Saharan migrants to enter Libya without visas to work in the construction and agricultural industries. Although sub-Saharan Africans provided a cheap labor source, they were poorly treated and were subjected to periodic mass expulsions.By the mid-2000s, domestic animosity toward African migrants and a desire to reintegrate into the international community motivated QADHAFI to impose entry visas on Arab and African immigrants and to agree to joint maritime patrols and migrant repatriations with Italy, the main recipient of illegal migrants departing Libya. As his regime neared collapse in 2011, QADHAFI reversed his policy of cooperating with Italy to curb illegal migration and sent boats loaded with migrants and asylum seekers to strain European resources. Libya’s 2011 revolution decreased immigration drastically and prompted nearly 800,000 migrants to flee to third countries, mainly Tunisia and Egypt, or to their countries of origin. The inflow of migrants declined in 2012 but returned to normal levels by 2013, despite continued hostility toward sub-Saharan Africans and a less-inviting job market.While Libya is not an appealing destination for migrants, since 2014, transiting migrants - primarily from East and West Africa - continue to exploit its political instability and weak border controls and use it as a primary departure area to migrate across the central Mediterranean to Europe in growing numbers. In addition, more than 200,000 people were displaced internally as of August 2017 by fighting between armed groups in eastern and western Libya and, to a lesser extent, by inter-tribal clashes in the country’s south.

Age structure
0-14 years: 25.53% (male 882,099 /female 842,320)
15-24 years: 16.81% (male 582,247 /female 553,004)
25-54 years: 47.47% (male 1,684,019 /female 1,522,027)
55-64 years: 5.77% (male 197,196 /female 192,320)
65 years and over: 4.43% (male 147,168 /female 152,107) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 49.1 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 42.6 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 15.5 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 29.4 years
Male: 29.5 years
Female: 29.2 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 125

Population growth rate: 1.45% (2018 est.)
Rank: 77

Birth rate: 17.2 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 104

Death rate: 3.7 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 215

Net migration rate: 1.9 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 48

Population distribution: well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water

Urbanization
Urban population: 80.1% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 1.68% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 1.158 million TRIPOLI (capital), 799,000 Benghazi, 801,000 Misratah (2018)

Environment
Current issues: desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, brings water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities; water pollution is a significant problem; the combined impact of sewage, oil byproducts, and industrial waste threatens Libya's coast and the Mediterranean Sea
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 1.1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 10.5 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 11.3 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Female: 9.6 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Rank: 130

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.9 years (2018 est.)
Male: 75.1 years (2018 est.)
Female: 78.7 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 83

Total fertility rate: 2.03 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 115

Drinking water source
Urban: 45.8% of population
Rural: 45.1% of population
Total: 45.6% of population (2001 est.)

Physicians density: 2.09 physicians/1000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density: 3.7 beds/1000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 3.2% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 4.3% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 3.4% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate note: NA
People living with hivaids note: NA
Deaths note: NA

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 32.5% (2016)
Rank: 16

Education expenditures
Note: NA

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Total population: 91% (2015 est.)
Male: 96.7% (2015 est.)
Female: 85.6% (2015 est.)

Country name
Conventional long form: State of Libya
Conventional short form: Libya
Local long form: Dawiat Libiya
Local short form: Libiya
Etymology: name derives from the Libu, an ancient Libyan tribe first mentioned in texts from the 13th century B.C.

Government type: in transition

Capital
Name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)
Geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 22 districts (muhafazah, singular - muhafazat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi (Benghazi), Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus (Tripoli), Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati

Independence: 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

National holiday: Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)

Constitution: previous 1951, 1977; in July 2017, the Constitutional Assembly completed and approved a draft of a new permanent constitution; in September 2018, the House of Representatives passed a constitutional referendum law and submitted it to the High National Elections Commission in December to begin preparations for a constituional referendum (2019)

Legal system: Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Chairman, Presidential Council, Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fayiz al-SARAJ (since December 2015)
Cabinet: GNA Presidency Council (pending approval by the House of Representatives - as of December 2018)
Electionsappointments: presidential election to be held pending election-related legislation
Election results: NA

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al Nuwab) or HoR (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members directly elected by majority vote; member term NA); note - the High Council of State serves as an advisory group for the HoR
Elections: last held on 25 June 2014 ( parliamentary election to be held pending election-related legislation); note - the Libyan Supreme Court in November 2014 declared the HoR election unconstitutional, but the HoR and the international community rejected the ruling
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 158, women 30, percent of women 16%; note - only 188 of the 200 seats were filled in the June 2014 election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the HoR also boycotted the election

Judicial branch: NA; note - government is in transition

Political parties and leaders: NA

International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Wafa M.T. BUGHAIGHIS (since 29 November 2017)
In the us chancery: 2,600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20,037
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 944-9,601
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 944-9,606
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Peter W. BODDE (since 15 November 2018)
From the us embassy: Sidi Slim Area/Walie Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli (temporarily closed)
From the us mailing address: US Embassy, 8,850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20,521-8,850
From the us telephone: [218] (0) 91-220-3,239
From the us: note: the US Embassy in Tripoli closed in July 2014 due to fighting near the embassy related to Libyan civil unrest; embassy staff and operations temporarily first relocated to Valetta, Malta and currently are temporarily relocated to Tunis, Tunisia

Flag description: three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country

National symbols: star and crescent, hawk; national colors: red, black, green

National anthem
Name: Libya, Libya, Libya
Lyricsmusic: Al Bashir AL AREBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB: note: also known as 'Ya Beladi' or 'Oh, My Country!'; adopted 1951; readopted 2011 with some modification to the lyrics; during the QADHAFI years between 1969 and 2011, the anthem was 'Allahu Akbar,' (God is Great) a marching song of the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War

Economy overview: Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, has struggled since 2014 given security and political instability, disruptions in oil production, and decline in global oil prices. The Libyan dinar has lost much of its value since 2014 and the resulting gap between official and black market exchange rates has spurred the growth of a shadow economy and contributed to inflation. The country suffers from widespread power outages, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing have all declined since 2011. Oil production in 2017 reached a five-year high, driving GDP growth, with daily average production rising to 879,000 barrels per day. However, oil production levels remain below the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day.The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 17% of GDP in 2017. Low consumer confidence in the banking sector and the economy as a whole has driven a severe liquidity shortage.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 106

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 1

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 141

Gross national saving:
Rank: 177

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 71.6% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 19.4% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 2.7% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 1.3% (2016 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 38.8% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -33.8% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 1.3% (2017 est.)
Industry: 52.3% (2017 est.)
Services: 46.4% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle

Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

Industrial production growth rate: 60.3% (2017 est.)
Rank: 1

Labor force: 1.114 million (2017 est.)
Rank: 143
By occupation agriculture: 17%
By occupation industry: 23%
By occupation services: 59% (2004 est.)

Unemployment rate: 30% (2004 est.)
Rank: 207

Population below poverty line: note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line

Budget
Revenues: 15.78 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 23.46 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 219

Taxes and other revenues: 51.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 14

Public debt:
Rank: 205

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 221

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 27

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 115

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 45

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 45

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 90

Market value of publicly traded shares: NA

Current account balance:
Rank: 35

Exports:
Rank: 73
Partners: Italy 19%, Spain 12.5%, France 11%, Egypt 8.6%, Germany 8.6%, China 8.3%, US 4.9%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.5% (2017)
Commodities: crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals

Imports:
Rank: 96
Commodities: machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
Partners: China 13.5%, Turkey 11.3%, Italy 6.9%, South Korea 5.9%, Spain 4.8% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 31

Debt external:
Rank: 143

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 78

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 52

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access population without electricity: 13,083 (2013)
Access electrification total population: 99.8% (2013)
Access electrification urban areas: 100% (2013)
Access electrification rural areas: 99.1% (2013)
Production:
Production rank: 61
Consumption: 27.3 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 65
Exports: 0 kWh (2015 est.)
Exports rank: 160
Imports: 376 million kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 83
Installed generating capacity: 9.46 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 62
Generation sources fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 11
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 129
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 183
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 199

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 897,100 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 21
Crude oil exports:
Crude oil exports rank: 23
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 154
Crude oil proven reserves: 48.36 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 9

Refined petroleum
Products production: 89,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 69
Products consumption: 260,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 49
Products exports: 16,880 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 71
Products imports: 168,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 36

Natural gas
Production: 9.089 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 43
Consumption: 4.446 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 64
Exports: 4.644 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 31
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 150
Proven reserves: 1.505 trillion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 21

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 46.48 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 62

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 1,374,408 (July 2016 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (July 2016 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 65
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 7,660,068 (July 2016 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (July 2016 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 101

Telephone system
General assessment: political and security instability in Libya has disrupted its telecommunications sector, but much of its infrastructure remains superior to that in most other African countries; registering a SIM card now requires proof of ID; govt. established new indepentent regulatory autority; LTE-based fixed broadband network launched (2018)
Domestic: 21 per 100 fixed-line and 115 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions; service generally adequate, but pressure to rebuild damaged infrastructure growing (2018)
International: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2018)

Broadcast media: state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)

Internet
Country code: .ly
Users total: 1,326,194 (July 2016 est.)
Users percent of population: 20.3% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 126

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 168,920 (2017 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2017 est.)
Rank: 112

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)

Terrorist groups
Home based alQaida in the Islamic Maghreb:
Home based Ansar alSharia groups:
Home based Islamic State of Iraq and ashSham:
Foreign based alMulathamun Battalion: aim(s): replace several African governments, including Libyas transitional government, with an Islamic statearea(s) of operation: maintains an operational presence; engages in kidnappings for ransom (November 2018)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 8 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 23 (2015)
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,566,465 (2015)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 3,833,542
Note: mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5A (2016)

Airports: 146 (2013)
Rank: 41
With paved runways total: 68 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 23 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 7 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 30 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 7 (2017)
With paved runways under 914 m: 1 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 78 (2013)
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 2 (2013)
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 14 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 37 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Heliports: 2 (2013)

Pipelines: 882 km condensate, 3,743 km gas, 7,005 km oil (2013)

Roadways
Total: 100,024 km (2003)
Paved: 57,214 km (2003)
Unpaved: 42,810 km (2003)
Rank: 47

Merchant marine
Total: 98 (2017)
By type: general cargo 2, oil tanker 16, other 80 (2017)
Rank: 86

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Tripoli
Oil terminal: Az Zawiyah, Ras Lanuf
LNG terminal: Marsa el Brega

Disputes international: dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 km² still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Moroccovarious Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 23,687 (Syria), 10,300 (Sudan), 7,277 (Palestinian), 6,858 (Eritrea) (2018)
IDPs: 187,423 (conflict between pro-QADHAFI and anti-QADHAFI forces in 2011; post-QADHAFI tribal clashes 2014) (2018)