Background: The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences complicated the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. In December 2017, parliament approved the removal of presidential age limits, thereby making it possible for MUSEVENI to continue standing for office.

Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 241,038 km²
Land: 197,100 km²
Water: 43,938 km²
Rank: 82
Comparative: slightly more than two times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon

Land boundaries
Total: 2,729 km
Border countries: (5) Democratic Republic of the Congo 877 km; , Kenya 814 km; , Rwanda 172 km; , South Sudan 475 km; , Tanzania 391 km

Coastline: 0 km
Note: (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Elevation: 614 m
Note: lowest point: Albert Nile

Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold

Land use
Agricultural land: 71.2% (2011 est.)
Forest: 14.5% (2011 est.)
Other: 14.3% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 140 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: droughts; floods; earthquakes; landslides; hailstorms

Geography
Note: landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers

Population
Distribution: population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated:
Rank: 35
Growth rate: 3.18% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 6
Below poverty line: 21.4% (2017 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Ugandan(s)
Adjective: Ugandan

Ethnic groups: Baganda 16.5%, Banyankole 9.6%, Basoga 8.8%, Bakiga 7.1%, Iteso 7%, Langi 6.3%, Bagisu 4.9%, Acholi 4.4%, Lugbara 3.3%, other 32.1% (2014 est.)

Languages: English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Religions: Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)

Demographic profile: Uganda has one of the youngest and most rapidly growing populations in the world; its total fertility rate is among the world’s highest at 5.8 children per woman. Except in urban areas, actual fertility exceeds women’s desired fertility by one or two children, which is indicative of the widespread unmet need for contraception, lack of government support for family planning, and a cultural preference for large families. High numbers of births, short birth intervals, and the early age of childbearing contribute to Uganda’s high maternal mortality rate. Gender inequities also make fertility reduction difficult; women on average are less-educated, participate less in paid employment, and often have little say in decisions over childbearing and their own reproductive health. However, even if the birth rate were significantly reduced, Uganda’s large pool of women entering reproductive age ensures rapid population growth for decades to come.Unchecked, population increase will further strain the availability of arable land: and natural resources and overwhelm the country’s limited means for providing food, employment, education, health care, housing, and basic services. The country’s north and northeast lag even further behind developmentally than the rest of the country as a result of long-term conflict (the Ugandan Bush War 1981-1986 and more than 20 years of fighting between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and Ugandan Government forces), ongoing inter-communal violence, and periodic natural disasters.Uganda has been both a source of refugees and migrants and a host country for refugees. In 1972, then President Idi AMIN, in his drive to return Uganda to Ugandans, expelled the South Asian population that composed a large share of the country’s business people and bankers. Since the 1970s, thousands of Ugandans have emigrated, mainly to southern Africa or the West, for security reasons, to escape poverty, to search for jobs, and for access to natural resources. The emigration of Ugandan doctors and nurses due to low wages is a particular concern given the country’s shortage of skilled health care workers. Africans escaping conflicts in neighboring states have found refuge in Uganda since the 1950s; the country currently struggles to host tens of thousands from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, and other nearby countries.

Age structure
0-14 years: 47.84% (male 9,753,880 /female 9,789,455)
15-24 years: 21.04% (male 4,250,222 /female 4,347,313)
25-54 years: 26.52% (male 5,422,096 /female 5,412,112)
55-64 years: 2.64% (male 522,637 /female 554,287)
65 years and over: 1.96% (male 351,481 /female 450,266) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 101.6 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 97.2 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 22.8 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 15.9 years
Male: 15.8 years
Female: 16 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 225

Population growth rate: 3.18% (2018 est.)
Rank: 6

Birth rate: 42.4 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 5

Death rate: 9.9 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 40

Net migration rate: -0.7 migrant(s)/1000 population (2017 est.)
Rank: 130

Population distribution: population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated

Urbanization
Urban population: 23.8% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 5.7% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 2.986 million KAMPALA (capital) (2018)

Environment
Current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial discharge and water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth:

Infant mortality rate
Total: 54.6 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 63.3 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Female: 45.7 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Rank: 22

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 56.3 years (2018 est.)
Male: 54.8 years (2018 est.)
Female: 57.8 years (2018 est.)
Rank: 217

Total fertility rate: 5.62 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 7

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 38.4% (2017)

Drinking water source
Urban: 4.5% of population
Rural: 24.2% of population
Total: 21% of population (2015 est.)

Physicians density: 0.09 physicians/1000 population (2015)

Hospital bed density: 0.5 beds/1000 population (2010)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 71.5% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 82.7% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 80.9% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 5.9% (2017 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 11
People living with hivaids: 1.3 million (2017 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 7
Deaths: 26,000 (2017 est.)
Deaths rank: 8

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high (2016)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever (2016)
Vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness) (2016)
Water contact diseases: schistosomiasis (2016)
Animal contact diseases: rabies (2016)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 5.3% (2016)
Rank: 181

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 10.5% (2016)
Rank: 61

Education expenditures: 2.3% of GDP (2014)
Rank: 169

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
Total population: 78.4% (2015 est.)
Male: 85.3% (2015 est.)
Female: 71.5% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 10 years (2011)
Male: 10 years (2011)
Female: 10 years (2011)

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
Conventional short form: Uganda
Etymology: from the name Buganda, adopted by the British as the designation for their East African colony in 1894; Buganda had been a powerful East African state during the 18th and 19th centuries

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Kampala
Geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 33 E
Time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 121 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Butebo, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kagadi, Kakumiro, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Kyotera, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namisindwa, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Omoro, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pakwach, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubanda, Rubirizi, Rukiga, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo

Independence: 9 October 1962 (from the UK)

National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995 (2018)
Amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting entrenched clauses including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two-thirds of Ugandas districts, and assent by the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2017 (2018)

Legal system: mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a native-born citizen of Uganda
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: an aggregate of 20 years and continuously for the last 2 years prior to applying for citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Head of government: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); Prime Minister Ruhakana RUGUNDA (since 19 September 2014); First Deputy Prime Minister Moses ALI (since 6 June 2016); Second Deputy Prime Minister Kirunda KIVEJINJA (since 6 June 2016)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of the National Assembly or persons who qualify to be elected as members of the National Assembly
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 18 February 2016 (next to be held in 2021)
Election results: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 60.6%, Kizza BESIGYE (FDC) 35.6%, other 3.8%
Head of state: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); note - the president is both head of state and head of government

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (445 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 112 for women directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote, and 25 representatives reserved for special interest groups - army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5; up to 18 ex officio members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections: last held on 18 February 2016 (next to be held in 2021)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 292, FDC 37, DP 5, UPDF 10, UPC 6, independent 66 (excludes 19 ex-officio members)

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and at least 6 justices)
Judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president of the republic in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission, an 8-member independent advisory body, and approved by the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (also acts as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 12 High Court Circuits and 8 High Court Divisions); Industrial Court; Chief Magistrate Grade One and Grade Two Courts throughout the country; qadhis courts; local council courts; family and children courts

Political parties and leaders: Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Mull Sebujja KATENDE (since 8 September 2017)
In the us chancery: 5,911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,011
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 726-7,100 through 7,102, 0416
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Deborah R. MALAC (since 27 February 2016)
From the us embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala
From the us mailing address: P.O. Box 7,007, Kampala
From the us telephone: [256] 414-306,001
From the us FAX: [256] 414-306-009

Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK

National symbols: grey crowned crane; national colors: black, yellow, red

National anthem
Name: Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!
Lyricsmusic: George Wilberforce KAKOMOA: note: adopted 1962

Economy overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, substantial reserves of recoverable oil, and small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing 72% of the work force. The country’s export market suffered a major slump following the outbreak of conflict in South Sudan, but has recovered lately, largely due to record coffee harvests, which account for 16% of exports, and increasing gold exports, which account for 10% of exports. Uganda has a small industrial sector that is dependent on imported inputs such as refined oil and heavy equipment. Overall, productivity is hampered by a number of supply-side constraints, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of modern technology in agriculture, and corruption.Uganda’s economic growth has slowed since 2016 as government spending and public debt has grown. Uganda’s budget is dominated by energy and road infrastructure spending, while Uganda relies on donor support for long-term drivers of growth, including agriculture, health, and education. The largest infrastructure projects are externally financed through concessional loans, but at inflated costs. As a result, debt servicing for these loans is expected to rise.Oil revenues and taxes are expected to become a larger source of government funding as oil production starts in the next three to 10 years. Over the next three to five years, foreign investors are planning to invest $9 billion in production facilities projects, $4 billion in an export pipeline, as well as in a $2-3 billion refinery to produce petroleum products for the domestic and East African Community markets. Furthermore, the government is looking to build several hundred million dollars’ worth of highway projects to the oil region.Uganda faces many economic challenges. Instability in South Sudan has led to a sharp increase in Sudanese refugees and is disrupting Uganda's main export market. Additional economic risks include: poor economic management, endemic corruption, and the government’s failure to invest adequately in the health, education, and economic opportunities for a burgeoning young population. Uganda has one of the lowest electrification rates in Africa - only 22% of Ugandans have access to electricity, dropping to 10% in rural areas.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 89

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 59

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 200

Gross national saving:
Rank: 93

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 74.3% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 8% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 23.9% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.3% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 18.8% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -25.1% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 28.2% (2017 est.)
Industry: 21.1% (2017 est.)
Services: 50.7% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, and fish

Industries: sugar processing, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

Industrial production growth rate: 4.4% (2017 est.)
Rank: 69

Labor force: 15.84 million (2015 est.)
Rank: 38
By occupation agriculture: 71%
By occupation industry: 7%
By occupation services: 22% (2013 est.)

Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2014 est.)
Rank: 137

Population below poverty line: 21.4% (2017 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 36.1% (2009 est.)
Highest 10: 36.1% (2009 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 71

Budget
Revenues: 3.848 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 4.928 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 158

Taxes and other revenues: 14.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 199

Public debt:
Rank: 127

Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 181

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 34

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 11

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 127

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 134

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 132

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Rank: 77

Current account balance:
Rank: 148

Exports:
Rank: 125
Partners: Kenya 17.7%, UAE 16.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6.6%, Rwanda 6.1%, Italy 4.8% (2017)
Commodities: coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold

Imports:
Rank: 127
Commodities: capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Partners: China 17.4%, India 13.4%, UAE 12.2%, Kenya 7.9%, Japan 6.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.3%, Indonesia 4.4%, South Africa 4.1% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 101

Debt external:
Rank: 112

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 128

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad: NA

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access population without electricity: 32.1 million (2013)
Access electrification total population: 22% (2013)
Access electrification urban areas: 55% (2013)
Access electrification rural areas: 10% (2013)
Production: 3.463 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 130
Consumption: 3.106 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 135
Exports: 121 million kWh (2015 est.)
Exports rank: 81
Imports: 50 million kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 107
Installed generating capacity: 1.02 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 127
Generation sources fossil fuels: 19% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 195
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 203
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 68% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 19
Generation sources other renewable sources: 12% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 75

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 210
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 211
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 209
Crude oil proven reserves: 2.5 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 31

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 212
Products consumption: 32,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 119
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 213
Products imports: 31,490 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 99

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 210
Consumption: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 210
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 205
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 206
Proven reserves: 14.16 billion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 76

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 4.703 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 135

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 262,286 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 120
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 24,948,878 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 63 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 49

Telephone system
General assessment: in recent years, telecommunications infrastructure has developed through private partnerships; private companies have laid over 1,800 km of fiber optics in Uganda since 2015; as of 2018, fixed fiber backbone infrastructure is available in over half of Uganda’s districts; mobile phone companies now provide 4G networks across all major cities and national parks, while offering 3G coverage in second-tier cities and most rural areas with road access; between 2016 and 2018, commercial Internet services dropped in price from $300/Mbps to $80/Mbps. (2018) (2018)
Domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed-line and mobile- (2018)
International: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog and digital links to Kenya and Tanzania (2018)

Broadcast media: public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; 31 Free-To-Air (FTA) TV stations, 2 digital terrestrial TV stations, 3 cable TV stations, and 5 digital satellite TV stations; 258 operational FM stations (2017)

Internet
Country code: .ug
Users total: 18,148,923 (September 2017)
Users percent of population: 45.9% (September 2017)
Users rank: 36

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 145,765 (2017 est.)
Date: (2017 est.)
Rank: 113

Military expenditures:
Rank: 71

Military service age and obligation: 18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that while recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent, 'no person under the apparent age of 18 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces'; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2012)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1 (2015)
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 41,812 (2015)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 23,472
Note: mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 5X (2016)

Airports: 47 (2013)
Rank: 94
With paved runways total: 5 (2013)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 3 (2013)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1 (2013)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways total: 42 (2013)
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 8 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 26 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 7 (2013)

Railways
Total: 1244 km (2014)
Narrow gauge: 1244 km
Note: 1.000-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 85

Roadways
Total: 20,544 km
Note: (excludes local roads) (2017)
Paved: 4,257 km (2017)
Unpaved: 16,287 km (2017)
Rank: 108

Waterways
Note: (there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2011)

Merchant marine
Total: 1 (2017)
By type: bulk carrier 1 (2017)
Rank: 175

Ports and terminals
Lake port: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell (Lake Victoria)

Disputes international: Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its bordersUgandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National ParkLRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 785,114 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 299,850 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 33,657 (Burundi) (refugee and asylum seekers), 22,064 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 14,313 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,854 (Eritrea) (2018)
IDPs: 24,000 (displaced in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lords Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions; intercommunal violence and cattle raids) (2017)