Background: Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of coups and countercoups, with the last coup occurring in 1978. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production.

Geographic coordinates: 17 00 S, 65 00 W

Map reference: South America

Area
Total: 1,098,581 km²
Land: 1,083,301 km²
Water: 15,280 km²
Rank: 29
Comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Montana

Land boundaries
Total: 7,252 km
Border countries: (5) Argentina 942 km; , Brazil 3,403 km; , Chile 942 km; , Paraguay 753 km; , Peru 1212 km

Coastline: 0 km
Note: (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

Elevation
Mean elevation: 1192 m
Lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m
Highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m

Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower

Land use
Agricultural land: 34.3% (2011 est.)
Forest: 52.5% (2011 est.)
Other: 13.2% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 3,000 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: flooding in the northeast (March to April)volcanism: volcanic activity in Andes Mountains on the border with Chile; historically active volcanoes in this region are Irruputuncu (5,163 m), which last erupted in 1995, and the Olca-Paruma volcanic complex (5,762 m to 5,167 m)

Geography
Note: note 1: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Perunote 2: the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato

Population
Distribution: a high altitude plain in the west between two cordillera of the Andes, known as the Altiplano, is the focal area for most of the population; a dense settlement pattern is also found in and around the city of Santa Cruz, located on the eastern side of the Andes: 11,306,341 (July 2018 est.)
Rank: 80
Growth rate: 1.48% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 74
Below poverty line:

Nationality
Noun: Bolivian(s)
Adjective: Bolivian

Ethnic groups:

Languages:

Religions: Roman Catholic 76.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 8.1%, Protestant 7.9%, other 1.7%, none 5.5% (2012 est.)

Demographic profile: Bolivia ranks at or near the bottom among Latin American countries in several areas of health and development, including poverty, education, fertility, malnutrition, mortality, and life expectancy. On the positive side, more children are being vaccinated and more pregnant women are getting prenatal care and having skilled health practitioners attend their births.Bolivia’s income inequality is the highest in Latin America and one of the highest in the world. Public education is of poor quality, and educational opportunities are among the most unevenly distributed in Latin America, with girls and indigenous and rural children less likely to be literate or to complete primary school. The lack of access to education and family planning services helps to sustain Bolivia’s high fertility rate—approximately three children per woman. Bolivia’s lack of clean water and basic sanitation, especially in rural areas, contributes to health problems.Between 7% and 16% of Bolivia’s population lives abroad (estimates vary in part because of illegal migration). Emigrants primarily seek jobs and better wages in Argentina (the principal destination), the US, and Spain. In recent years, more restrictive immigration policies in Europe and the US have increased the flow of Bolivian emigrants to neighboring countries. Fewer Bolivians migrated to Brazil in 2015 and 2016 because of its recession; increasing numbers have been going to Chile, mainly to work as miners.

Age structure
0-14 years: 31.34% (male 1,805,765 /female 1,737,647)
15-24 years: 19.37% (male 1,109,388 /female 1,080,662)
25-54 years: 37.9% (male 2,098,847 /female 2,185,890)
55-64 years: 5.96% (male 310,250 /female 363,403)
65 years and over: 5.43% (male 270,435 /female 344,054) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 63.7 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 53.1 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 10.6 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 9.4 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 24.6 years (2018 est.)
Male: 23.9 years
Female: 25.4 years
Rank: 161

Population growth rate: 1.48% (2018 est.)
Rank: 74

Birth rate: 21.6 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 71

Death rate: 6.3 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 149

Net migration rate: -0.4 migrant(s)/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 119

Population distribution: a high altitude plain in the west between two cordillera of the Andes, known as the Altiplano, is the focal area for most of the population; a dense settlement pattern is also found in and around the city of Santa Cruz, located on the eastern side of the Andes

Urbanization
Urban population: 69.8% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 1.97% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 278,000 Sucre (constitutional capital) (2018); 1.835 million LA PAZ (capital), 1.677 million Santa Cruz, 1.271 million Cochabamba (2019)

Environment
Current issues: the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth:

Infant mortality rate
Total: 34.2 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 37.6 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 30.7 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 51

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 69.8 years (2018 est.)
Male: 67 years
Female: 72.8 years
Rank: 161

Total fertility rate: 2.58 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 74

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 66.5% (2016)

Drinking water source
Urban: 3.3% of population
Rural: 24.4% of population
Total: 10% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure: 6.9% (2016)

Physicians density: 1.61 physicians/1000 population (2016)

Hospital bed density: 1.1 beds/1000 population (2014)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 39.2% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 72.5% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 49.7% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.3% (2018 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 86
People living with hivaids: 22,000 (2018 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 82
Deaths note: <1000 (2018 est.)

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high (2019)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A (2019)
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2019)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 20.2% (2016)
Rank: 102

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3.4% (2016)
Rank: 93

Education expenditures: 7.3% of GDP (2014)
Rank: 11

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 92.5%
Male: 96.5%
Female: 88.6% (2015)

Country name
Conventional long form: Plurinational State of Bolivia
Conventional short form: Bolivia
Local long form: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
Local short form: Bolivia
Etymology: the country is named after Simon BOLIVAR, a 19th-century leader in the South American wars for independence

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital)
Geographic coordinates: 16 30 S, 68 09 W
Time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time): etymology: La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de Sucre (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivianote: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world

Administrative divisions: 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija

Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

Constitution
History: many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 to 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009; note - in late 2017, the Constitutional Tribunal declared inapplicable provisions of the constitution that prohibit elected officials, including the president, from serving more than 2 consecutive terms
Amendments: proposed through public petition by at least 20% of voters or by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the Assembly and approval in a referendum; amended 2013 (2018)

Legal system: civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: yes
Citizenship by descent only: yes
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch
Chief of state:
Head of government: Interim President Jeanine ANEZ Chavez (since 12 November 2019); Vice President (vacant)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Electionsappointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot one of 3 ways: candidate wins at least 50% of the vote, or at least 40% of the vote and 10% more than the next highest candidate; otherwise a second round is held and the winner determined by simple majority vote; president and vice president are elected by majority vote to serve a 5-year term; no term limits (changed from two consecutive term limit by Constitutional Court in late 2017); election last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held NA); note - on 10 November 2019, as a result of an Organization of American States report citing manipulations of the voting system, President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma announced that the October election results would be annulled and called for fresh elections; MORALES resigned from his position later that day
Election results:: note: weeks of protest in La Paz and other cities over allegations of fraud following the October 2019 general election, an announcement by the Organization of American States that the election was manipulated, and pressure from the Bolivian military all culminated in the annulment of the election and the resignation of President Juan Evo MORALES Ayma on 10 November 2019; Interim President Jeanine ANEZ Chavez has pledged to hold new elections as soon as possible

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges or ministros organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court, Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal, National Agro-Environmental Court, and Council of the Judiciary candidates pre-selected by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly and elected by direct popular vote; judges elected for 6-year terms; Plurinational Electoral Organ judges appointed - 6 by the Legislative Assembly and 1 by the president of the republic; members serve single 6-year terms
Subordinate courts: National Electoral Court; District Courts (in each of the 9 administrative departments); agro-environmental lower courts

Political parties and leaders:

International organization participation: CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 2,109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20,037
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 483-4,410
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 328-3,712
In the us consulate: Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington, DC
In the us: note: in September 2008, the US expelled the Bolivian ambassador to the US in reciprocity for Bolivia expelling the US ambassador to Bolivia
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge dAffaires Bruce WILLIAMSON (since December 2017)
From the us telephone: [591] (2) 216-8,000
From the us embassy: Avenida Arce 2,780, Casilla 425, La Paz
From the us mailing address: 3,220 La Paz Place, Dulles, VA, 20,189-3,220
From the us FAX: [591] (2) 216-8,111
From the us: note: in September 2008, the Bolivian Government expelled the US Ambassador to Bolivia, Philip GOLDBERG, and both countries have yet to reinstate their ambassadors

Flag description:

National symbols: llama, Andean condor, two national flowers: the cantuta and the patuju; national colors: red, yellow, green

National anthem
Name: Cancion Patriotica (Patriotic Song)
Lyricsmusic: Jose Ignacio de SANJINES/Leopoldo Benedetto VINCENTI: note: adopted 1852

Economy overview: Bolivia is a resource rich country with strong growth attributed to captive markets for natural gas exports - to Brazil and Argentina. However, the country remains one of the least developed countries in Latin America because of state-oriented policies that deter investment.Following an economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms in the 1990s spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005-06, the government passed hydrocarbon laws that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee; the laws engendered much public debate. High commodity prices between 2010 and 2014 sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses with GDP growing 6.8% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014. The global decline in oil prices that began in late 2014 exerted downward pressure on the price Bolivia receives for exported gas and resulted in lower GDP growth rates - 4.9% in 2015 and 4.3% in 2016 - and losses in government revenue as well as fiscal and trade deficits.A lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with conflict among social groups, pose challenges for the Bolivian economy. In 2015, President Evo MORALES expanded efforts to court international investment and boost Bolivia’s energy production capacity. MORALES passed an investment law and promised not to nationalize additional industries in an effort to improve the investment climate. In early 2016, the Government of Bolivia approved the 2016-2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan aimed at maintaining growth of 5% and reducing poverty.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 94

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 70

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 154

Gross national saving:
Rank: 132

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 67.7% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 17% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 3.8% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 21.7% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -31.3% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 13.8% (2017 est.)
Industry: 37.8% (2017 est.)
Services: 48.2% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: soybeans, quinoa, Brazil nuts, sugarcane, coffee, corn, rice, potatoes, chia, coca

Industries: mining, smelting, electricity, petroleum, food and beverages, handicrafts, clothing, jewelry

Industrial production growth rate: 2.2% (2017 est.)
Rank: 123

Labor force: 5.719 million (2016 est.)
Rank: 73
By occupation agriculture: 29.4%
By occupation industry: 22%
By occupation services: 48.6% (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 49

Population below poverty line:

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 0.9%
Highest 10: 36.1% (2014 est.)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 28

Budget
Revenues: 15.09 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 18.02 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 196

Taxes and other revenues: 39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 39

Public debt:
Rank: 104

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 127

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 114

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 106

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 82

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 84

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 85

Market value of publicly traded shares:
Rank: 70

Current account balance:
Rank: 171

Exports:
Rank: 98
Partners: Brazil 17.9%, Argentina 16%, US 7.8%, Japan 7.3%, India 6.6%, South Korea 6.3%, Colombia 5.8%, China 5.1%, UAE 4.7% (2017)
Commodities: natural gas, silver, zinc, lead, tin, gold, quinoa, soybeans and soy products

Imports:
Rank: 108
Commodities: machinery, petroleum products, vehicles, iron and steel, plastics
Partners: China 21.7%, Brazil 16.8%, Argentina 12.6%, US 8.4%, Peru 6.5% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 74

Debt external:
Rank: 106

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 93

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad:
Rank: 120

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access population without electricity: 1.2 million (2013)
Access electrification total population: 93% (2016)
Access electrification urban areas: 99.3% (2016)
Access electrification rural areas: 79.1% (2016)
Production: 8.951 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 107
Consumption: 7.785 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 105
Exports: 0 kWh (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 108
Imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 127
Installed generating capacity: 2.764 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 101
Generation sources fossil fuels: 76% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 93
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 52
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 18% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 92
Generation sources other renewable sources: 7% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 92

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 60,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 50
Crude oil exports: 1274 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 72
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 99
Crude oil proven reserves: 211.5 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 54

Refined petroleum
Products production: 65,960 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 75
Products consumption: 83,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 86
Products exports: 9,686 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 82
Products imports: 20,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 118

Natural gas
Production: 18.69 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 32
Consumption: 3.171 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 71
Exports: 15.46 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 15
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 94
Proven reserves: 295.9 billion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 37

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 17.66 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 90

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 851,110
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 78
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 10,106,216
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 91 (July 2016 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 84

Telephone system
General assessment: state-owned Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) is the countrys incumbent long-distance operator, and offers local telephone service, DSL, and satellite TV;  its subsidiary Entel Movil is Bolivias largest mobile network provider, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved, but some remote areas are still underserved; Entel plans to extend fiber to all 339 municipal capital cities by 2022; MNP (mobile number potability) launched in October 2018; Bolivian Space Agency planning to launch a second telecom satellite after 2020 (2019)
Domestic: most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; 8 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 91 per 100 persons (2018)
International: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries (2019)

Broadcast media: large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting

Internet
Country code: .bo
Users total: 4,354,678
Users percent of population: 39.7% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 83

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 358,680
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2017 est.)
Rank: 90

Military expenditures:
Rank: 76

Military and security forces: Bolivian Armed Forces: Bolivian Army (Ejercito Boliviano, EB), Bolivian Naval Force (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, FNB, includes Marines), Bolivian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana, FAB); Ministry of Interior: National Police (Policía Nacional de Bolivia, PNB; includes Anti-Narcotics Special Forces (Fuerza Especial de Lucha Contra el Narcotráfico, FELCN) (2019)

Military service age and obligation: 16-49 years of age for 12-month voluntary male and female military service; Bolivian citizenship required; minimum age for combat duty is 18; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; 15-19 years of age for voluntary premilitary service, provides exemption from further military service (2017)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 7 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 39 (2015)
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,578,959 (2015)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 9,456,548
Note: mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CP (2016)

Airports: 855 (2013)
Rank: 7
With paved runways total: 21 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 5 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 6 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 6 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 834 (2013)
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 47 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 151 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 631 (2013)

Pipelines: 5,457 km gas, 51 km liquid petroleum gas, 2,511 km oil, 1627 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 3,960 km (2019)
Narrow gauge: 3,960 km
Note: 1.000-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 51

Roadways
Total: 90,568 km (2017)
Paved: 9,792 km (2017)
Unpaved: 80,776 km (2017)
Rank: 54

Waterways: 10,000 km
Note: (commercially navigable almost exclusively in the northern and eastern parts of the country) (2012)
Rank: 13

Merchant marine
Total: 49
By type: general cargo 36, oil tanker 2, other 11 (2018)
Rank: 115

Ports and terminals
River port: Puerto Aguirre (Paraguay/Parana): note: Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

Disputes international: Chile and Peru rebuff Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, but Chile offers instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian products; contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of its border regions with all of its neighbors (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru)

Illicit drugs: world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 37,500 hectares under cultivation in 2016, a 3 percent increase over 2015; third largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 275 metric tons potential pure cocaine in 2016; transit country for Peruvian and Colombian cocaine destined for Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Europe; weak border controls; some money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade; major cocaine consumption