Background: The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed on it in 1492 - were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. After the US occupied Haiti from 1915-1934, Francois 'Papa Doc' DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti from 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. On 4 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew made landfall in Haiti, resulting in over 500 deaths and causing extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti continues to experience bouts of political instability

Geographic coordinates: 19 00 N, 72 25 W

Map reference: Central America and the Caribbean

Area
Total: 27,750 km²
Land: 27,560 km²
Water: 190 km²
Rank: 148
Comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

Land boundaries
Total: 376 km
Border countries: (1) Dominican Republic 376 km

Coastline: 1771 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm

Climate: tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Terrain: mostly rough and mountainous

Elevation
Mean elevation: 470 m
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
Highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

Natural resources: bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower, arable land

Land use
Agricultural land: 66.4% (2011 est.)
Forest: 3.6% (2011 est.)
Other: 30% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 970 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Geography
Note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic); it is the most mountainous nation in the Caribbean

Population
Distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas:
Rank: 83
Growth rate: 1.31% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 84
Below poverty line: 58.5% (2012 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Haitian(s)
Adjective: Haitian

Ethnic groups: black 95%, mixed and white 5%

Languages: French (official), Creole (official)

Religions:

Age structure
0-14 years: 32.27% (male 1,733,920 /female 1,747,387)
15-24 years: 21.11% (male 1,139,188 /female 1,137,754)
25-54 years: 37.32% (male 1,997,816 /female 2,028,495)
55-64 years: 5.1% (male 262,494 /female 287,515)
65 years and over: 4.21% (male 199,617 /female 254,254) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 62.3 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 54.8 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 7.5 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 13.3 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 23.3 years (2018 est.)
Male: 23.1 years
Female: 23.6 years
Rank: 172

Population growth rate: 1.31% (2018 est.)
Rank: 84

Birth rate: 22.6 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 65

Death rate: 7.5 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 111

Net migration rate: -2 migrant(s)/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 163

Population distribution: fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas

Urbanization
Urban population: 56.2% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 2.704 million PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) (2019)

Environment
Current issues: extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; overpopulation leads to inadequate supplies of potable water and and a lack of sanitation; natural disasters
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
International agreements signed but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth:

Infant mortality rate
Total: 45.4 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 51.5 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 39.2 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 35

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 64.6 years (2018 est.)
Male: 61.9 years
Female: 67.2 years
Rank: 186

Total fertility rate: 2.66 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 65

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 34.3% (2016/17)

Drinking water source
Urban: 35.1% of population
Rural: 52.4% of population
Total: 42.3% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure: 5.4% (2016)

Physicians density: 0.23 physicians/1000 population (2018)

Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1000 population (2013)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 66.4% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 80.8% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 72.4% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 2% (2018 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 24
People living with hivaids: 160,000 (2018 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 33
Deaths: 2,700 (2018 est.)
Deaths rank: 38

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high (2016)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever (2016)
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2016): note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 22.7% (2016)
Rank: 72

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 9.5% (2017)
Rank: 66

Education expenditures: 2.4% of GDP (2016)
Rank: 162

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 60.7%
Male: 64.3%
Female: 57.3% (2015)

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Haiti
Conventional short form: Haiti
Local long form: Republique dHaiti/Repiblik d Ayiti
Local short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Etymology: the native Taino name means Land of High Mountains and was originally applied to the entire island of Hispaniola

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Port-au-Prince
Geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W
Time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November: etymology: according to tradition, in 1706, a Captain de Saint-Andre named the bay and its surrounding area after his ship Le Prince; the name of the town that grew there means, 'the Port of The Prince'

Administrative divisions: 10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est

Independence: 1 January 1804 (from France)

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January (1804)

Constitution
History: many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987
Amendments: proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended; amended 2011, 2012 (2018)

Legal system: civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Haiti
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Jovenel MOISE (since 7 February 2017)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fritz William MICHEL (since 22 July 2019); note - Prime Minister Jean Michel LAPIN resigned on 22 July 2019
Cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Ministers governing policy
Electionsappointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
Election results: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Cour de cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges); note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
Judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of Haitis constitution states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for 10 years, whereas Article 177 states that judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for life
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates courts; land, labor, and childrens courts: note: the Superior Council of the Judiciary or Conseil Superieur du Pouvoir Judiciaire is a 9-member body charged with the administration and oversight of the judicial branch of government

Political parties and leaders: Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN]Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU]Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Chavannes JEUNE]Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition includes KID and PPRH)Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD [Jean Andre VICTOR]Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE]Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT]Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBITLavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT, Camille LEBLANC]Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]Organization for the Advancement of Haiti and Haitians or OLAHHParty for the Integral Advancement of the Haitian People or PAIPHPatriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE]Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE, Himmler REBU]Platform Pitit Desaline or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE]PontPopular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]PPG18Rally of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT]Reseau National Bouclier or BouclierRespect or RESPEStrength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS]Truth (Verite)Union [Chavannes JEUNE]Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE]Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]

International organization participation: ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 2,311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 332-4,090
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 745-7,215
In the us consulate: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, Orlando (FL), New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Michele SISON (since 21 February 2018)
From the us telephone: [509] 229-8,000
From the us embassy: Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince
From the us mailing address: (in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3,400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20,521-3,400
From the us FAX: [509] 229-8,028

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes

National symbols: Hispaniolan trogon (bird), hibiscus flower; national colors: blue, red

National anthem
Name: La Dessalinienne (The Dessalines Song)
Lyricsmusic: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD: note: adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti

Economy overview: Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population represent some of the most serious impediments to Haiti’s economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equivalent to more than a quarter of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment.Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with close to 60% of the population living under the national poverty line, Haiti’s GDP growth rose to 5.5% in 2011 as the Haitian economy began recovering from the devastating January 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. However, growth slowed to below 2% in 2015 and 2016 as political uncertainty, drought conditions, decreasing foreign aid, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. Hurricane Matthew, the fiercest Caribbean storm in nearly a decade, made landfall in Haiti on 4 October 2016, with 140 mile-per-hour winds, creating a new humanitarian emergency. An estimated 2.1 million people were affected by the category 4 storm, which caused extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure across Haiti’s southern peninsula.US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) have contributed to an increase in apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2016 reached approximately $850 million and account for over 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP.Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $2.6 billion as of December 2017, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 150

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 181

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 213

Gross national saving:
Rank: 61

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 99.1% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 10% (2016 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 32.6% (2016 est.)
Investment in inventories: -1.4% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 20% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -60.3% (2017 est.): note: figure for household consumption also includes government consumption

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 22.1% (2017 est.)
Industry: 20.3% (2017 est.)
Services: 57.6% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver

Industries: textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly using imported parts

Industrial production growth rate: 0.9% (2017 est.)
Rank: 161

Labor force:
Rank: 88
By occupation agriculture: 38.1%
By occupation industry: 11.5%
By occupation services: 50.4% (2010)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 215

Population below poverty line: 58.5% (2012 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 0.7%
Highest 10: 47.7% (2001)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 4

Budget
Revenues: 1.567 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 1.65 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 79

Taxes and other revenues: 18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 163

Public debt:
Rank: 164

Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 211

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 58

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 151

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 156

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 138

Market value of publicly traded shares: NA

Current account balance:
Rank: 108

Exports:
Rank: 161
Partners: US 80.6%, Dominican Republic 4.9% (2017)
Commodities: apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee

Imports:
Rank: 144
Commodities: food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Partners: US 20.7%, China 18.8%, Netherlands Antilles 15.7%, Indonesia 8.5% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 117

Debt external:
Rank: 146

Stock of direct foreign investment at home:
Rank: 122

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access population without electricity: 8 million (2017)
Access electrification total population: 38.7% (2016)
Access electrification urban areas: 65.4% (2016)
Access electrification rural areas: 0.5% (2016)
Production: 1.023 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 149
Consumption: 406.2 million kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 173
Exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Exports rank: 147
Imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 159
Installed generating capacity: 332,000 kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 155
Generation sources fossil fuels: 82% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 78
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 106
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 18% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 94
Generation sources other renewable sources: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 191

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 148
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 136
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 140
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 144

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 156
Products consumption: 21,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 137
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 165
Products imports: 20,030 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 122

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 145
Consumption: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 158
Exports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 120
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 138
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2014 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 146

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 3.595 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 141

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 5,703 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 204
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 6,486,549
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 61 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 109

Telephone system
General assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is among the least-developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic cell service is functional (2018)
Domestic: fixed-line is less than 1 per 100; mobile-cellular telephone services have expanded greatly in the last decade due to low-cost GSM (Global Systems for Mobile) phones and pay-as-you-go plans; mobile-cellular teledensity is 61 per 100 persons (2018)
International: country code - 509; landing points for the BDSNi and Fibralink submarine cables to 14 points in the Bahamas and Dominican Republic; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)

Broadcast media: 98 television stations throughout the country, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; 850 radio stations (of them, only 346 are licensed), including 1 government-owned; more than 100 community radio stations; over 64 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone; VOA Creole Service broadcasts daily on 30 affiliate stations (2016)

Internet
Country code: .ht
Users total: 1,282,686
Users percent of population: 12.2% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 127

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 29,900 (2017 est.)
Rank: 141

Military and security forces: the Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH), disbanded in 1995, began to be reconstituted in 2017 to assist with natural disaster relief, border security, and combating transnational crime; the small Coast Guard is not part of the military, but rather the Haitian National Police. (2019)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1 (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: HH (2016)

Airports: 14 (2013)
Rank: 149
With paved runways total: 4 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 10 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 2 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Roadways
Total: 4,266 km (2009)
Paved: 768 km (2009)
Unpaved: 3,498 km (2009)
Rank: 148

Merchant marine
Total: 4
By type: general cargo 3, other 1 (2018)
Rank: 165

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince

Disputes international: since 2004, peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military, 2,607 police, and 443 civilian personnel; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island

Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs: 34,508 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside of camps or who have left camps) (2019)
Stateless persons: 2,992 (2018); note - individuals without a nationality who were born in the Dominican Republic prior to January 2010

Illicit drugs: Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis