Background: Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando GUEBUZA, served two terms and then passed executive power to Filipe NYUSI in 2015. RENAMO’s residual armed forces have intermittently engaged in a low-level insurgency since 2012, although a late December 2016 ceasefire held throughout 2018 and has facilitated efforts toward a peacebuilding initiative and a constitutional amendment to devolve some governance to the provinces. Since October 2017, the northern province of Cabo Delgado has experienced violent extremist attacks.

Geographic coordinates: 18 15 S, 35 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 799,380 km²
Land: 786,380 km²
Water: 13,000 km²
Rank: 36
Comparative: slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California

Land boundaries
Total: 4,783 km
Border countries: (6) Malawi 1498 km; , South Africa 496 km; , Eswatini 108 km; , Tanzania 840 km; , Zambia 439 km; , Zimbabwe 1402 km

Coastline: 2,470 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate: tropical to subtropical

Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Elevation
Mean elevation: 345 m
Lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m

Natural resources: coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Land use
Agricultural land: 56.3% (2011 est.)
Forest: 43.7% (2011 est.)
Other: 0% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land: 1180 km² (2012)

Natural hazards: severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Geography
Note: the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

Population
Distribution: three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas:
Rank: 50
Growth rate: 2.46% (2018 est.)
Growth rate rank: 25
Below poverty line: 46.1% (2015 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Mozambican(s)
Adjective: Mozambican

Ethnic groups: African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Euro-African 0.2%, Indian 0.08%, European 0.06%

Languages: Emakhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Xichangana 8.6%, Cinyanja 8.1, Cisena 7.1%, Elomwe 7.1%, Echuwabo 4.7%, Cindau 3.8%, Xitswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%, Zionist Christian 15.6%, Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%, Anglican 1.7%, other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified 2.5% (2017 est.)

Demographic profile: Mozambique is a poor, sparsely populated country with high fertility and mortality rates and a rapidly growing youthful population - 45% of the population is younger than 15. Mozambique’s high poverty rate is sustained by natural disasters, disease, high population growth, low agricultural productivity, and the unequal distribution of wealth. The country’s birth rate is among the world’s highest, averaging around more than 5 children per woman (and higher in rural areas) for at least the last three decades. The sustained high level of fertility reflects gender inequality, low contraceptive use, early marriages and childbearing, and a lack of education, particularly among women. The high population growth rate is somewhat restrained by the country’s high HIV/AIDS and overall mortality rates. Mozambique ranks among the worst in the world for HIV/AIDS prevalence, HIV/AIDS deaths, and life expectancy at birth.Mozambique is predominantly a country of emigration, but internal, rural-urban migration has begun to grow. Mozambicans, primarily from the country’s southern region, have been migrating to South Africa for work for more than a century. Additionally, approximately 1.7 million Mozambicans fled to Malawi, South Africa, and other neighboring countries between 1979 and 1992 to escape from civil war. Labor migrants have usually been men from rural areas whose crops have failed or who are unemployed and have headed to South Africa to work as miners; multiple generations of the same family often become miners. Since the abolition of apartheid in South Africa in 1991, other job opportunities have opened to Mozambicans, including in the informal and manufacturing sectors, but mining remains their main source of employment.

Age structure
0-14 years: 44.52% (male 6,097,116 /female 6,028,416)
15-24 years: 21.6% (male 2,905,254 /female 2,977,732)
25-54 years: 27.62% (male 3,525,755 /female 3,995,264)
55-64 years: 3.37% (male 442,990 /female 475,900)
65 years and over: 2.88% (male 359,624 /female 425,738) (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 93.5 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 87.5 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 6.1 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 16.5 (2015 est.)

Median age
Total: 17.3 years (2018 est.)
Male: 16.7 years
Female: 17.8 years
Rank: 220

Population growth rate: 2.46% (2018 est.)
Rank: 25

Birth rate: 37.8 births/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 11

Death rate: 11.4 deaths/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 22

Net migration rate: -1.8 migrant(s)/1000 population (2018 est.)
Rank: 159

Population distribution: three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas

Urbanization
Urban population: 36.5% of total population
Note: (2015-20 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 4.35% annual rate of change

Major urban areas
Population: 1.669 million Matola, 1.104 million MAPUTO (capital), 811,000 Nampula (2019)

Environment
Current issues: increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; soil erosion; deforestation; water pollution caused by artisanal mining; pollution of surface and coastal waters; wildlife preservation (elephant poaching for ivory)
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.88 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth:

Infant mortality rate
Total: 64 deaths/1000 live births (2018 est.)
Male: 66 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 62 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 11

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 54.1 years (2018 est.)
Male: 53.3 years
Female: 54.9 years
Rank: 218

Total fertility rate: 5.02 children born/woman (2018 est.)
Rank: 12

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 27.1% (2015)

Drinking water source
Urban: 19.4% of population
Rural: 63% of population
Total: 48.9% of population (2015 est.)

Current health expenditure: 5.1% (2016)

Physicians density: 0.07 physicians/1000 population (2017)

Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1000 population (2011)

Sanitation facility access
Urban: 57.6% of population (2015 est.)
Rural: 89.9% of population (2015 est.)
Total: 79.5% of population (2015 est.)

Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 12.6% (2018 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 6
People living with hivaids: 2.2 million (2018 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 2
Deaths: 53,900 (2018 est.)
Deaths rank: 3

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high (2016)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever (2016)
Vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever (2016)
Water contact diseases: schistosomiasis (2016)
Animal contact diseases: rabies (2016)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 7.2% (2016)
Rank: 160

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 15.6% (2011)
Rank: 41

Education expenditures: 6.5% of GDP (2013)
Rank: 21

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 56%
Male: 70.8%
Female: 43.1% (2015)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 10 years
Male: 10 years
Female: 9 years (2017)

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
Conventional short form: Mozambique
Local long form: Republica de Mocambique
Local short form: Mocambique
Former: Portuguese East Africa, Peoples Republic of Mozambique
Etymology: named for the offshore island of Mozambique; the island was apparently named after Mussa al-BIK, an influential Arab slave trader who set himself up as sultan on the island in the 15th century

Government type: presidential republic

Capital
Name: Maputo
Geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time): etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city

Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Constitution
History: previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments; amended 2007, 2018 (2018)

Legal system: mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law; note - in rural, apply where applicable predominantly Muslim villages with no formal legal system, Islamic law may be applied

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015, re-elected 15 Oct 2019) (2019)
Head of government: President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015); Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015) (2019)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Electionsappointments: president elected directly by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 15 October 2024); prime minister appointed by the president (2019)
Election results: Filipe NYUSI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Filipe NYUSI (FRELIMO) 73.0%, Ossufo MOMADE (RENAMO) 21.9%, Daviz SIMANGO (MDM) 5.1% (2019)

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; 248 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 2 single members representing Mozambicans abroad directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) (2019)
Elections: last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 15 October 2024) (2019)
Election results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 58%, RENAMO 36%, MDM 7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 144, RENAMO 89, MDM 17; composition - men 151, women 99, percent of women 39.6% (2019)

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary Magistracy is responsible for judiciary management and discipline
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic; vice president appointed by the president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and ratified by the Assembly of the Republic; other judges elected by the Assembly; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the Assembly, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms
Subordinate courts: Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts

Political parties and leaders: Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]Optimistic Party for the Development of Mozambique or Podemos [Helder Mendonca]

International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 293-7,146
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Dennis W. HEARNE (since 22 February 2019)
From the us telephone: [258] (21) 49 2,797
From the us embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Caixa Postal, 783, Maputo
From the us mailing address: P.O. Box 783, Maputo
From the us FAX: [258] (21) 49 0114

Flag description:

National symbols: national colors: green, black, yellow, white, red

National anthem
Name: Patria Amada (Lovely Fatherland)
Lyricsmusic: Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown: note: adopted 2002

Economy overview: At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP, in purchasing power parity terms, from $4 billion in 1993 to about $37 billion in 2017. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, about half the population remains below the poverty line and subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force.Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2016, information surfaced revealing that the Mozambican Government was responsible for over $2 billion in government-backed loans secured between 2012-14 by state-owned defense and security companies without parliamentary approval or national budget inclusion; this prompted the IMF and international donors to halt direct budget support to the Government of Mozambique. An international audit was performed on Mozambique’s debt in 2016-17, but debt restructuring and resumption of donor support have yet to occur.Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade leading up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances, but the sizable external debt burden, donor withdrawal, elevated inflation, and currency depreciation contributed to slower growth in 2016-17.Two major International consortiums, led by American companies ExxonMobil and Anadarko, are seeking approval to develop massive natural gas deposits off the coast of Cabo Delgado province, in what has the potential to become the largest infrastructure project in Africa. . The government predicts sales of liquefied natural gas from these projects could generate several billion dollars in revenues annually sometime after 2022.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 122

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 91

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 222

Gross national saving:
Rank: 123

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 69.7% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 27.2% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 21.7% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 13.9% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 38.3% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -70.6% (2017 est.)

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 23.9% (2017 est.)
Industry: 19.3% (2017 est.)
Services: 56.8% (2017 est.)

Agriculture products: cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry

Industries: aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages

Industrial production growth rate: 4.9% (2017 est.)
Rank: 61

Labor force: 12.9 million (2017 est.)
Rank: 45
By occupation agriculture: 74.4%
By occupation industry: 3.9%
By occupation services: 21.7% (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate:
Rank: 196

Population below poverty line: 46.1% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 1.9%
Highest 10: 36.7% (2008)

Distribution of family income gini index:
Rank: 39

Budget
Revenues: 3.356 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 4.054 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 176

Taxes and other revenues: 26.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Rank: 105

Public debt:
Rank: 15

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices:
Rank: 212

Central bank discount rate:
Rank: 8

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Rank: 8

Stock of narrow money:
Rank: 112

Stock of broad money:
Rank: 117

Stock of domestic credit:
Rank: 131

Market value of publicly traded shares: NA

Current account balance:
Rank: 174

Exports:
Rank: 111
Partners: India 28.1%, Netherlands 24.4%, South Africa 16.7% (2017)
Commodities: aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity

Imports:
Rank: 124
Commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles
Partners: South Africa 36.8%, China 7%, UAE 6.8%, India 6.2%, Portugal 4.4% (2017)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Rank: 106

Debt external:
Rank: 110

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access population without electricity: 21 million (2017)
Access electrification total population: 24.2% (2016)
Access electrification urban areas: 64.2% (2016)
Access electrification rural areas: 5% (2016)
Production: 18.39 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Production rank: 79
Consumption: 11.57 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption rank: 90
Exports: 12.88 billion kWh (2015 est.)
Exports rank: 16
Imports: 9.928 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports rank: 25
Installed generating capacity: 2.626 million kW (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity rank: 102
Generation sources fossil fuels: 16% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels rank: 199
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources nuclear rank: 149
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 83% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity rank: 12
Generation sources other renewable sources: 1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources rank: 161

Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Petroleum total petroleum production rank: 178
Crude oil exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil exports rank: 170
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Crude oil imports rank: 171
Crude oil proven reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves rank: 173

Refined petroleum
Products production: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products production rank: 182
Products consumption: 26,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Products consumption rank: 128
Products exports: 0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports rank: 185
Products imports: 25,130 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports rank: 107

Natural gas
Production: 6.003 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Production rank: 47
Consumption: 1.841 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption rank: 84
Exports: 4.162 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Exports rank: 32
Imports: 0 m³ (2017 est.)
Imports rank: 161
Proven reserves: 2.832 trillion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 13

Carbon dioxide emissions
From consumption of energy: 11.12 million Mt (2017 est.)
From consumption of energy rank: 102

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 80,545 (2017 est.)
Fixed lines rank: 144
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 11,875,506
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2017 est.)
Mobile cellular rank: 77

Telephone system
General assessment: the mobile segment has shown strong growth given competition; poor fixed-line infrastructure means most Internet access is through mobile accounts; DSL, cable broadband, WiMAX (broadband over long distances), 3G and some fibre broadband available; LTE services launched (2018)
Domestic: extremely low fixed-line teledensity contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; operators provide coverage that includes all the main cities and key roads; fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and 45 per 100 mobile-cellular teledensity (2018)
International: country code - 258; landing points for the EASSy and SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking numerous east African countries, the Middle East and Asia ; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2019)

Broadcast media: 1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

Internet
Country code: .mz
Users total: 4,543,284
Users percent of population: 17.5% (July 2016 est.)
Users rank: 81

Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 41,653 (2017 est.)
Rank: 133

Military expenditures:
Rank: 118

Military and security forces: Armed Defense Forces of Mozambique (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2019)

Military service age and obligation: registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2019)

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 3 (2015)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 16 (2015)
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 686,892 (2015)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 5,138,916
Note: mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: C9 (2016)

Airports: 98 (2013)
Rank: 57
With paved runways total: 21 (2017)
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1 (2017)
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 2 (2017)
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 9 (2017)
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 5 (2017)
With paved runways under 914 m: 4 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 77 (2013)
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1 (2013)
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 9 (2013)
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 29 (2013)
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 38 (2013)

Pipelines: 972 km gas, 278 km refined products (2013)

Railways
Total: 4,787 km (2014)
Narrow gauge: 4,787 km
Note: 1.067-m gauge (2014)
Rank: 41

Roadways
Total: 31,083 km (2015)
Paved: 7,365 km (2015)
Unpaved: 23,718 km (2015)
Rank: 96

Waterways: 460 km
Note: (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)
Rank: 85

Merchant marine
Total: 27
By type: general cargo 10, other 17 (2018)
Rank: 132

Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Disputes international: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 9,850 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,841 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2019)
IDPs: 14,000 (violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018) (2018)

Illicit drugs: southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center