Statistics Mexico 
Mexico in the World
Mexico - Introduction 2021
top of pageBackground:
The site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec - Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved independence early in the 19th century. Elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but Enrique PENA NIETO regained the presidency for the PRI in 2012. Left-leaning antiestablishment politician and former mayor of Mexico City (2000-05) Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR, from the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), became president in December 2018.
The global financial crisis in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn in Mexico the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, high underemployment, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides.
The global financial crisis in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn in Mexico the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, high underemployment, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides.
Area
Total: 1,964,375 km²
Land: 1,943,945 km²
Water: 20,430 km²
Comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries
Total: 4,389 km
Border countries: (3) Belize 276 km; , Guatemala 958 km; , US 3,155 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguouszone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Elevation
Highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,636 m
Lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
Mean elevation: 1,111 m
Land use
Agricultural land: 54.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)
Forest: 33.3% (2018 est.)
Other: 11.8% (2018 est.)
Major rivers
By length in km: Rio Grande river mouth (shared with US [s]) - 3,057 km; Colorado river mouth (shared with US [s]) - 2,333 km
Major watersheds area km²: Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Gulf of Mexico) Rio Grande/Bravo (607,965 km²)
Pacific Ocean drainage: (Gulf of California) Colorado (703,148 km²)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 14.23 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 6.814 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 66.8 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts
Mexico - People 2021
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City: 130,207,371 (July 2021 est.)
Growth rate: 1.04% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line: 41.9% (2018 est.)
Ethnic groups: Mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European) (2012 est.)
Note: Mexico does not collect census data on ethnicity
Languages: Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2%; note -indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2020 est.)
Major language samples:
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
The Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Roman Catholic 78%, Protestant/evangelical Christian 11.2%, other 0.002%, unaffiliated (includes atheism) 10.6% (2020 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 26.01% (male 17,111,199/female 16,349,767)
15-24 years: 16.97% (male 11,069,260/female 10,762,784)
25-54 years: 41.06% (male 25,604,223/female 27,223,720)
55-64 years: 8.29% (male 4,879,048/female 5,784,176)
65 years and over: 7.67% (male 4,373,807/female 5,491,581) (2020 est.)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 50.3
Youth dependency ratio: 38.8
Elderly dependency ratio: 11.4
Potential support ratio: 8.7 (2020 est.)
Population distribution: most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City
Urbanization
Urban population: 81% of total population (2021)
Rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas
Population: 21.919 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.259 million Guadalajara, 4.956 million Monterrey, 3.245 million Puebla, 2.522 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.181 million Tijuana (2021)
Environment
Current issues: scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to urban migration; natural freshwater resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion
Current issues note: the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 20.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 486.41 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 135.77 megatons (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total: 11.64 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 13.18 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 10.02 deaths/1000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.94 years
Male: 74.15 years
Female: 79.87 years (2021 est.)
Drinking water source
Improved urban: 100% of population
Improved rural: 96.6% of population
Improved total: 100% of population
Unimproved urban: 0% of population
Unimproved rural: 3.4% of population
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 99.3% of population
Improved rural: 91.9% of population
Improved total: 97.8% of population
Unimproved urban: 0.7% of population
Unimproved rural: 8.1% of population
Unimproved total: 2.2% of population (2017 est.)
Hivaids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2020 est.)
People living with hivaids: 340,000 (2020 est.)
Deaths: 4,300 (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
Food or water borne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
Vector borne diseases: dengue fever
Note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Mexico; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 6 October 2021, Mexico has reported a total of 3,684,242 cases of COVID-19 or 2,857.49 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with 216.47 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 2 October 2021, 49.38% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 95.2%
Male: 96.1%
Female: 94.5% (2020)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 15 years
Male: 15 years
Female: 15 years (2019)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 8.1%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 7.8%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.7% (2020 est.)
Mexico - Government 2021
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: United Mexican States
Conventional short form: Mexico
Local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Local short form: Mexico
Etymology: named after the capital city, whose name stems from the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain
Capital
Name: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)
Geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 W
Time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
Timezone note: Mexico has four time zones
Etymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain
Administrative divisions: 32 states (estados, singular - estado); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Cuidad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas
Independence: 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)
Constitution
History: several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917
Amendments: proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures; amended many times, last in 2020
Legal system: civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: yes
Citizenship by descentonly: yes
Dual citizenship recognized: not specified
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Executive branch
Chief of state: President Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (since 1 December 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
Head of government: President Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (since 1 December 2018)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general, the head of the Bank of Mexico, and senior treasury officials require consent of the Senate
Elections and appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)
Election results:
2018: Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR elected president; percent of vote - Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (MORENA) 53.2%, Ricardo ANAYA (PAN) 22.3%, Jose Antonio MEADE Kuribrena (PRI) 16.4%, Jaime RODRIGUEZ Calderon 5.2% (independent), other 2.9%
2012: Enrique PENA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PENA NIETO (PRI) 38.2%, Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.6%, Josefina Eugenia VAZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.4%, other 4.8%
2012: Enrique PENA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PENA NIETO (PRI) 38.2%, Andres Manuel LOPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.6%, Josefina Eugenia VAZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.4%, other 4.8%
Legislative branch
Description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of:
Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 32 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 200 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)
Elections: Senate - last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in July 2024)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition (as of July 2018) - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.2%
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - men 250, women 250, percent of women 50%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 49.8%
Note: as of the 2018 election, senators will be eligible for a second term and deputies up to 4 consecutive terms
Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (consists of the chief justice and 11 justices and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and labor panels) and the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (organized into the superior court, with 7 judges including the court president, and 5 regional courts, each with 3 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president of the republic and approved by two-thirds vote of the members present in the Senate; justices serve 15-year terms; Electoral Tribunal superior and regional court judges nominated by the Supreme Court and elected by two-thirds vote of members present in the Senate; superior court president elected from among its members to hold office for a 4-year term; other judges of the superior and regional courts serve staggered, 9-year terms
Subordinate courts: federal level includes circuit, collegiate, and unitary courts; state and district level courts
Political parties and leaders: Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Clemente CASTANEDA]
Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Claudia RUIZ Massieu]
It's For Mexico (Va Por Mexico) - alliance that includes PAN, PRI, PRD
Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [Carlos Alberto PUENTE Salas]
Movement for National Regeneration (Movimiento Regeneracion Nacional) or MORENA [Andres Manuel LOPEZ Obrador]
National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Damian ZEPEDA Vidales]
Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Manuel GRANADOS]
Together We Make History (Juntos Hacemos Historia) - alliance that includes MORENA, PT, PVEM
International organization participation: APEC, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CE (observer), CELAC, CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-3, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Esteban MOCTEZUMA Barragan (since 20 April 2021)
In the us chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,006
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 728-1698
In the us email address and website:
mexembussa@sre.gob.mx
[link]
[link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Stephanie SYPTAK-RAMNATH (since 20 July 2021)
From the us embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 6,500 Mexico, CDMX
From the us mailing address: 8,700 Mexico City Place, Washington DC 20,521-8,700
From the us telephone: (011) [52]-55-5,080-2000
From the us fax: (011) 52-55-5,080-2005
From the us email address and website:
ACSMexicoCity@state.gov
[link]
[link]
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico City
Note: similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter, uses lighter shades of green and red, and does not display anything in its white band
National anthem
Name: 'Himno Nacional Mexicano' (National Anthem of Mexico)
Lyrics and music: Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCA
Note: adopted 1943, in use since 1854; also known as 'Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra' (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed
Mexico - Economy 2021
top of pageReal gdp purchasing power parity:
$2,306,320,000,000 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)
2,513,410,000,000 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)
2,514,780,000,000 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)
2,513,410,000,000 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)
2,514,780,000,000 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)
Note: data are in 2010 dollars
Real gdp per capita:
$17,900 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.)
$19,700 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)
$19,900 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)
$19,700 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.)
$19,900 - note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.)
Note: data are in 2010 dollars
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 67% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 11.8% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 22.3% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0.8% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 37.8% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -39.7% (2017 est.)
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 3.6% (2017 est.)
Industry: 31.9% (2017 est.)
Services: 64.5% (2017 est.)
Agriculture products: sugar cane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, poultry, wheat, green chillies/peppers, eggs
Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism
Labor force: 50.914 million (2020 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 13.4%
By occupation industry: 24.1%
By occupation services: 61.9% (2011)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 8.1%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 7.8%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 8.7% (2020 est.)
Budget
Revenues: $261.4 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $273.8 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 0.1% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)
Exports: $434.93 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)
$492.73 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)
$480.1 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Partners: United States 75% (2019)
Commodities: cars and vehicle parts, computers, delivery trucks, crude petroleum, insulated wiring (2019)
Imports: $410.66 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.)
$495.79 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.)
$505.05 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)
Partners: United States 54%, China 14% (2019)
Commodities: integrated circuits, refined petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, office machinery/parts, telephones (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $175.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
Note: Mexico also maintains access to an $88 million Flexible Credit Line with the IMF
Exchange rates:
Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar
19.8 (2020 est.)
19.22824 (2019 est.)
20.21674 (2018 est.)
15.848 (2014 est.)
13.292 (2013 est.)
19.8 (2020 est.)
19.22824 (2019 est.)
20.21674 (2018 est.)
15.848 (2014 est.)
13.292 (2013 est.)
Mexico - Energy 2021
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Production: 302.7 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Consumption: 258.7 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Exports: $7.308 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Imports: 3.532 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 72.56 million kW (2016 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 71% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 17% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Generation sources other renewable sources: 9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
Petroleum
Petroleum total petroleum production: 1.852 million bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil exports: 1.214 million bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil imports: 0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Crude oil proven reserves: 6.63 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
Refined petroleum
Products production: 844,600 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products consumption: 1.984 million bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products exports: 155,800 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Products imports: 867,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)
Natural gas
Production: 31.57 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Consumption: 81.61 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Exports: 36.81 million m³ (2017 est.)
Imports: 50.12 billion m³ (2017 est.)
Proven reserves: 279.8 billion m³ (1 January 2018 est.)
Mexico - Communication 2021
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 23,800,105 (2020)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18.46 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 120,481,969 (2020)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93.45 (2020 est.)
Broadcast media: telecom reform in 2013 enabled the creation of new broadcast television channels after decades of a quasi-monopoly; Mexico has 821 TV stations and 1,745 radio stations and most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available; in 2016, Mexico became the first country in Latin America to complete the transition from analog to digital transmissions, allowing for better image and audio quality and a wider selection of programming from networks
Internet
Country code: .mx
Users total: 92.01 million (2021 est.)
Users percent of population: 71.97% (2020 est.)
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 21,206,911 (2020)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16.45 (2020 est.)
Mexico - Military 2021
top of pageMilitary expenditures: 0.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
0.6% of GDP (2020)
0.5% of GDP (2019)
0.5% of GDP (2018)
0.5% of GDP (2017)
Military and security forces: Secretariat of National Defense (Secretaria de Defensa Nacional, SEDENA): Army (Ejercito), Mexican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Mexicana, FAM); Secretariat of the Navy (Secretaria de Marina, SEMAR): Mexican Navy (Armada de Mexico (ARM), includes Naval Air Force (FAN), Mexican Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infanteria de Marina, Mexmar or CIM)); Secretariat of Public Security and Civil Protection: National Guard (2021)
note - the National Guard was formed in 2019 and consists of personnel from the former Federal Police (disbanded in December 2019) and military police units of the Army and Navy; while the Guard is part of the civilian-led Secretariat of Public Security and Civil Protection, the Secretariat of National Defense has day-to-day operational control; in addition, the armed forces provide the commanders and the training; the Guard, along with state and municipal police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining order
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory military service for males (selection for service determined by lottery); conscript service obligation is 12 months; conscripts remain in reserve status until the age of 40; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces; women are eligible for voluntary military service (20,121)
Mexico - Transportation 2021
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 16 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 370
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 64,569,640 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,090,380,000 mt-km (2018)
Airports
Total: 1,714 (2013)
With paved runways total: 243
With paved runways over 3047 m: 12
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 32
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 80
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 86
With paved runways under 914 m: 33 (2017)
With unpaved runways total: 1,471
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 42
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 281
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 1,146 (2013)
Roadways
Total: 398,148 km (2017)
Paved: 174,911 km (includes 10,362 km of expressways) (2017)
Unpaved: 223,237 km (2017)
Waterways: 2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals mostly connected with ports on the country's east coast) (2012)
Merchant marine
Total: 671
By type: container ship 1, bulk carrier 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 31, other 624 (2021)
Ports and terminals
Major seaport: Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Veracruz
Oil terminals: Cayo Arcas terminal, Dos Bocas terminal
Cruiseport(s): Cancun, Cozumel, Ensenada
Container ports teus: Lazaro Cardenas (1,318,732), Manzanillo (3,069,189), Veracruz (1,144,156) (2019)
Lng terminals import: Altamira, Ensenada
Mexico - Transnational issues 2021
top of pageDisputes international: abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; the US has intensified security measures to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across its border with Mexico; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the US; Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 15,676 (Honduras), 9,231 (El Salvador) (2020); 82,976 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021)
IDPs: 357,000 (government's quashing of Zapatista uprising in 1994 in eastern Chiapas Region; drug cartel violence and government's military response since 2007; violence between and within indigenous groups) (2020)
Stateless persons: 13 (2020)
Illicit drugs: major source and transit country for heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, and illicit synthetic drugs including fentanyl and counterfeit pills destined for the United States; main transit country for cocaine from South America, a transit route and destination for fentanyl and associated precursors originating from China
🅶🅷🅴🅾🆂.🅲🅾🅼