Statistics Iraq 
Iraq in the World
Iraq - Introduction 2022
top of pageBackground: Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by the United Kingdom during World War I and was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration in 1920. Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. It was proclaimed a "republic" in 1958 after a coup overthrew the monarchy, but in actuality, a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn from 1979 to 2003. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. After Iraq's expulsion, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions led to the Second Gulf War in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led forces.
Area
Total: 438,317 km²
Land: 437,367 km²
Water: 950 km²
Comparative: slightly more than three times the size of New York state
Land boundaries
Total: 3,809 km
Border countries: (6) Iran 1,599 km; Jordan 179 km; Kuwait 254 km; Saudi Arabia 811 km; Syria 599 km; Turkey 367 km
Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Terrain: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Elevation
Highest point: Cheekha Dar (Kurdish for "Black Tent") 3,611 m
Lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
Mean elevation: 312 m
Land use
Agricultural land: 18.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)
Forest: 1.9% (2018 est.)
Other: 80% (2018 est.)
Major rivers
By length in km: Euphrates river mouth (shared with Turkey[s], Syria, and Iran) - 3,596 km; Tigris river mouth (shared with Turkey[s], Syria, and Iran) - 1,950 km; the Tigris and Euphrates join to form the Shatt al Arab
Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 1.23 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Industrial: 2.05 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Agricultural: 35.27 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)
Iraq - People 2022
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited: 40,462,701 (2022 est.)
Growth rate: 2% (2022 est.)
Below poverty line: 23% (2014 est.)
Ethnic groups: Arab 75-80%, Kurdish 15-20%, other 5% (includes Turkmen, Yezidi, Shabak, Kaka'i, Bedouin, Romani, Assyrian, Circassian, Sabaean-Mandaean, Persian)
Note: data is a 1987 government estimate; no more recent reliable numbers are available
Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official), Turkmen (a Turkish dialect), Syriac (Neo-Aramaic), and Armenian are official in areas where native speakers of these languages constitute a majority of the population
Major language samples:
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%, Sunni 29-34%), Christian 1% (includes Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Assyrian Church of the East), other 1-4% (2015 est.)
Note: the last census in Iraq was in 1997; while there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, the overall Christian population has decreased at least 50% and perhaps as high as 90% since the fall of the SADDAM Husayn regime in 2003, according to US Embassy estimates, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon
Age structure
0-14 years: 37.02% (male 7,349,868/female 7,041,405)
15-24 years: 19.83% (male 3,918,433/female 3,788,157)
25-54 years: 35.59% (male 6,919,569/female 6,914,856)
55-64 years: 4.23% (male 805,397/female 839,137)
65 years and over: 3.33% (male 576,593/female 719,240) (2020 est.)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 71
Youth dependency ratio: 65.2
Elderly dependency ratio: 5.8
Potential support ratio: 17.1 (2021 est.)
Population distribution: population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited
Urbanization
Urban population: 71.6% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas
Population: 7.711 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.792 million Mosul, 1.448 million Basra, 1.075 million Kirkuk, 958,000 Najaf, 897,000 Erbil (2023)
Environment
Current issues: government water control projects drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification; military and industrial infrastructure has released heavy metals and other hazardous substances into the air, soil, and groundwater; major sources of environmental damage are effluents from oil refineries, factory and sewage discharges into rivers, fertilizer and chemical contamination of the soil, and industrial air pollution in urban areas
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification
Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 57.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 190.06 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 17.44 megatons (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total: 19.62 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 21.34 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 17.83 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 73.18 years
Male: 71.3 years
Female: 75.15 years (2022 est.)
Drinking water source
Improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 97.4% of population
total: 99.3% of population
rural: 97.4% of population
total: 99.3% of population
Unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 2.6% of population
total: 0.7% of population (2020 est.)
rural: 2.6% of population
total: 0.7% of population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
Improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
Unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
Food or water borne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 9 December 2022, Iraq has reported a total of 2,463,296 cases of COVID-19 or 6,124.18 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 25,363 cumulative deaths or a rate of 63.06 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 29 November 2022, 25.41% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine
Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 85.6%
Male: 91.2%
Female: 79.9% (2017)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 25.6%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 22%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 63.3% (2017)
Iraq - Government 2022
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of Iraq
Conventional short form: Iraq
Local long form: Jumhuriyat al-Iraq/Komar-i Eraq
Local short form: Al Iraq/Eraq
Former: Mesopotamia, Mandatory Iraq, Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq
Etymology: the name probably derives from "Uruk" (Biblical "Erech"), the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian city on the Euphrates River
Capital
Name: Baghdad
Geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 24 E
Time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: although the origin of the name is disputed, it likely has compound Persian roots with bagh and dad meaning "god" and "given" respectively to create the meaning of "bestowed by God"
Administrative divisions: 18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah (Arabic); parezgakan, singular - parezga (Kurdish)); 'Al Anbar; Al Basrah; Al Muthanna; Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah); An Najaf; Arbil (Erbil) (Arabic), Hewler (Kurdish); As Sulaymaniyah (Arabic), Slemani (Kurdish); Babil; Baghdad; Dahuk (Arabic), Dihok (Kurdish); Dhi Qar; Diyala; Karbala'; Kirkuk; Maysan; Ninawa; Salah ad Din; Wasit
Note: Iraq's Kurdistan Regional Government administers Arbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah (as Hewler, Dihok, and Slemani respectively)
Independence: 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government
Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descentonly: at least one parent must be a citizen of Iraq
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Executive branch
Chief of state: President Abdul Latif RASHID (since 13 October 2022; vice presidents (vacant)
Head of government: Prime Minister-Designate Mohammed Shia al-SUDANI (since 13 October 2022)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, approved by Council of Representatives
Elections and appointments: president indirectly elected by Council of Representatives (COR) to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); COR parliamentary election for president last held on 13 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)
Election results:
2022: COR vote in first round - Abdul Latif RASHID (PUK) 157, Barham SALIH (PUK) 99; Abdul Latif RASHID elected president in second round - Abdul latif RASHID 167, Barham SALIH 99
2018: COR vote in first round - Barham SALIH (PUK) 165, Fuad HUSAYN (KDP) 90; Barham SALIH elected president in second round - Barham SALIH 219, Fuad HUSAYN 22; note - the COR vote on 1 October 2018 failed due to a lack of quorum, and a new session was held on 2 October 2018
2014: Fuad MASUM elected president in first round; COR vote - Fuad MASUM (PUK) 211, Barham SALIH (PUK) 17; Haydar al-ABADI (Da'wa Party) approved as prime minister
2018: COR vote in first round - Barham SALIH (PUK) 165, Fuad HUSAYN (KDP) 90; Barham SALIH elected president in second round - Barham SALIH 219, Fuad HUSAYN 22; note - the COR vote on 1 October 2018 failed due to a lack of quorum, and a new session was held on 2 October 2018
2014: Fuad MASUM elected president in first round; COR vote - Fuad MASUM (PUK) 211, Barham SALIH (PUK) 17; Haydar al-ABADI (Da'wa Party) approved as prime minister
Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Council of Representatives of Iraq (COR) or Majlis an-Nuwwab al-Iraqiyy (329 seats; 320 members directly elected in 83 multi-seat constituencies by single nontransferable vote, 9 seats reserved for minorities - 5 for Christians, 1 each for Sabaean-Mandaeans, Yazidis, Shabaks, Fayli Kurds, and 25% of seats allocated to women; members serve 4-year terms); note - in late 2020, the COR approved an electoral law, replacing the proportional representation voting system with the single non-transferable system
Elections: last held on 10 October 2021 (next to be held in October 2025)
Election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Sadrist Bloc 73, National Progress Alliance 37, State of Law Coalition 33, Kurdish Democratic Party 31, Al Fatah Alliance 17, Kurdistan Alliance 17, Al Iraq Alliance 14, New Generation Movement 14, Ishraqet Konoon 6, Tasmin Alliance 5, Babylon Movement 4, National Contract Alliance 4, National State Forces Alliance 4, other 22, independent 43; composition - men 234, women 95, percent of women 28.9%
Judicial branch
Highest courts: Federal Supreme Court or FSC (consists of 9 judges); note - court jurisdiction limited to constitutional issues, application of federal laws, ratification of election results for the COR, judicial competency disputes, and disputes between regions or governorates and the central government; Court of Cassation (consists of a court president, 5 vice presidents, and at least 24 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Federal Supreme Court judges nominated by the HJC President, the FSC Chief Justice, the Public Prosecutor's Office chief, and the head of the Judicial Oversight Commission; FSC members required to retire at age 72; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the HJC and confirmed by the Council of Representatives to serve until retirement nominally at age 63, but can be extended to age 66 by the HJC
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (governorate level); civil courts, including first instance, personal status, labor, and customs; criminal courts including felony, misdemeanor, investigative, major crimes, juvenile, and traffic courts
Political parties and leaders:
Al Fatah Alliance [Hadi al-AMIRI]
Azm Alliance [Khamis al-KHANJAR]
Babylon Movement [Rayan al-KILDANI]
Imtidad
Ishraqet Konoon [Jaafar AZIZ]
Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masoud BARZANI]
National Contract Alliance [Falih al-FAYYADH]
National State Forces Alliance [Ammar al-HAKIM]
National Wisdom Trend [Ammar al-HAKIM]
New Generation Movement or Naway Nwe [SHASWAR Abd al-Wahid Qadir]
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Bafel TALABANI]
Sadrist Movement [Muqtada al-SADR]
State of Law Coalition [Nuri al-MALIKI]
Taqadum or Progress Party [Muhammad al-HALBUSI]
Tasmin Alliance [Sarah al-SALIHI]
numerous smaller independent, religious, local, tribal, and minority parties
Azm Alliance [Khamis al-KHANJAR]
Babylon Movement [Rayan al-KILDANI]
Imtidad
Ishraqet Konoon [Jaafar AZIZ]
Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masoud BARZANI]
National Contract Alliance [Falih al-FAYYADH]
National State Forces Alliance [Ammar al-HAKIM]
National Wisdom Trend [Ammar al-HAKIM]
New Generation Movement or Naway Nwe [SHASWAR Abd al-Wahid Qadir]
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Bafel TALABANI]
Sadrist Movement [Muqtada al-SADR]
State of Law Coalition [Nuri al-MALIKI]
Taqadum or Progress Party [Muhammad al-HALBUSI]
Tasmin Alliance [Sarah al-SALIHI]
numerous smaller independent, religious, local, tribal, and minority parties
International organization participation: ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CICA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mohammed Husham Malik AL FITYAN (since 22 March 2022)
In the us chancery: 3,421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,007
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 742-1600
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 333-1129
In the us email address and website:
[link]
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Alina L. ROMANOWSKI (since 2 June 2022)
From the us embassy: Al-Kindi Street, International Zone, Baghdad; note - consulate in Al Basrah closed as of 28 September 2018
From the us mailing address: 6,060 Baghdad Place, Washington DC 20,521-6,060
From the us telephone: 0760-030-3,000
From the us email address and website:
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great") in green Arabic script is centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white); the Council of Representatives approved this flag in 2008 as a compromise replacement for the Ba'thist SADDAM-era flag
Note: similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script; Yemen, which has a plain white band; and that of Egypt, which has a golden Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band
National anthem
Name: "Mawtini" (My Homeland)
Lyrics and music: Ibrahim TOUQAN/Mohammad FLAYFEL
Note: adopted 2004; following the ouster of SADDAM Husayn, Iraq adopted "Mawtini," a popular folk song throughout the Arab world; also serves as an unofficial anthem of the Palestinian people
National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 6 (5 cultural, 1 mixed)
Selected world heritage site locales:
Iraq - Economy 2022
top of pageReal gdp purchasing power parity:
$372.27 billion (2020 est.)
$415.32 billion (2019 est.)
$397.64 billion (2018 est.)
$415.32 billion (2019 est.)
$397.64 billion (2018 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real gdp per capita:
$9,300 (2020 est.)
$10,600 (2019 est.)
$10,300 (2018 est.)
$10,600 (2019 est.)
$10,300 (2018 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 50.4% (2013 est.)
Government consumption: 22.9% (2016 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 20.6% (2016 est.)
Investment in inventories: 0% (2016 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 32.5% (2016 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -40.9% (2016 est.)
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 3.3% (2017 est.)
Industry: 51% (2017 est.)
Services: 45.8% (2017 est.)
Agriculture products: wheat, barley, dates, tomatoes, rice, maize, grapes, potatoes, rice, watermelons
Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing
Labor force: 8.9 million (2010 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 21.6%
By occupation industry: 18.7%
By occupation services: 59.8% (2008 est.)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15-24 total: 25.6%
Rate ages 15-24 male: 22%
Rate ages 15-24 female: 63.3% (2017)
Budget
Revenues: $68.71 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: $76.82 billion (2017 est.)
Surplus or deficit: $-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Revenue
From forest resources forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal coal revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)
Exports:
$50.61 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$88.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$91.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$88.9 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$91.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Partners: China 26%, India 24%, South Korea 9%, United States 8%, Italy 6%, Greece 6% (2019)
Commodities: crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, dates, petroleum coke (2019)
Imports:
$54.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$72.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$56.88 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$72.28 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$56.88 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Partners: United Arab Emirates 28%, Turkey 21%, China 19% (2019)
Commodities: refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, jewelry, cigarettes (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$48.88 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$45.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$45.36 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Exchange rates:
Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar
1,184 (2017 est.)
1,182 (2016 est.)
1,182 (2015 est.)
1,167.63 (2014 est.)
1,213.72 (2013 est.)
1,184 (2017 est.)
1,182 (2016 est.)
1,182 (2015 est.)
1,167.63 (2014 est.)
1,213.72 (2013 est.)
Iraq - Energy 2022
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2020)
Installed generating capacity: 28.369 million kW (2020 est.)
Consumption: 46,492,540,000 kWh (2019 est.)
Exports: 0 kWh (2019 est.)
Imports: 14.18 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Transmission distribution losses: 58.502 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 97.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal
Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Consumption: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 4,161,500 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 863,300 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 3,975,800 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 145.019 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum
Products production: 398,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports: 8,284 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports: 255,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas
Production: 10,710,773,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Consumption: 18,014,129,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Imports: 7,303,356,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Proven reserves: 3,728,926,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 143.479 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 108.14 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 35.339 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Iraq - Communication 2022
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 2,699,758 (2020 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 37,475,325 (2020 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (2020 est.)
Broadcast media: the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Media Network; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to an estimated 70% of viewers and many of the broadcasters are based abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are accessible (2019)
Internet
Country code: .iq
Users total: 24,133,502 (2020 est.)
Users percent of population: 60% (2020 est.)
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 6,254,099 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est.)
Iraq - Military 2022
top of pageMilitary expenditures:
3.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
3.8% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $14.6 billion)
4.5% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $16 billion)
6% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $20.4 billion)
4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
3.8% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $14.6 billion)
4.5% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $16 billion)
6% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $20.4 billion)
Military and security forces:
Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Army Aviation Command, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi Air Defense Command, Special Forces Command, Special Security Division (Green Zone protection)
National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS), Prime Minister's Special Forces Division, Presidential Brigades
Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police
Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate
Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Peshmerga: Regional Guard Brigades, Unit (or Division) 70 Forces, Unit (or Division) 80 Forces, special operations/counter-terrorism forces (Counter Terrorism Group, CTG and Counter Terrorism Directorate, CTD); note - Unit 70 and the CTG are associated with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) political party, while Unit 80 and the CTD are associated with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP); Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Interior: Zeravani and Emergency Response Forces (paramilitary internal security forces)
Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF); the PMF and TMF are a collection of approximately 60 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests (2022)
National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS), Prime Minister's Special Forces Division, Presidential Brigades
Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police
Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate
Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Peshmerga: Regional Guard Brigades, Unit (or Division) 70 Forces, Unit (or Division) 80 Forces, special operations/counter-terrorism forces (Counter Terrorism Group, CTG and Counter Terrorism Directorate, CTD); note - Unit 70 and the CTG are associated with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) political party, while Unit 80 and the CTD are associated with the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP); Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Interior: Zeravani and Emergency Response Forces (paramilitary internal security forces)
Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF); the PMF and TMF are a collection of approximately 60 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests (2022)
Military service age and obligation: 18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)
Note: service in the armed forces was mandatory in Iraq from 1935 up until 2003
Terrorist groups: Ansar al-Islam; Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Jaysh Rijal al-Tariq al-Naqshabandi; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T.
Iraq - Transportation 2022
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 4 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 34
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,075,065 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 16.2 million (2018) mt-km
Airports
Total: 102 (2021)
With paved runways total: 72
With paved runways over 3047 m: 20
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 34
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 4
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 7
With paved runways under 914 m: 7 (2021)
With unpaved runways total: 30
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 3
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 5
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 3
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 13
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 6 (2021)
Pipelines: 2,455 km gas, 913 km liquid petroleum gas, 5,432 km oil, 1,637 km refined products (2013)
Waterways: 5,279 km (2012) (the Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third River (565 km) are the principal waterways)
Ports and terminals
River ports: Al Basrah (Shatt al Arab); Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr (Khawr az Zubayr waterway)
Iraq - Transnational issues 2022
top of pageDisputes international: Iraq-Iran: Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 15,272 (Turkey), 7,881 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 263,087 (Syria) (2022)
IDPs: 1,184,818 (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2022)
Stateless persons: 47,253 (mid-year 2021); note - in the 1970s and 1980s under SADDAM Husayn's regime, thousands of Iraq's Faili Kurds, followers of Shia Islam, were stripped of their Iraqi citizenship, had their property seized by the government, and many were deported; some Faili Kurds had their citizenship reinstated under the 2006 Iraqi Nationality Law, but others lack the documentation to prove their Iraqi origins; some Palestinian refugees persecuted by the SADDAM regime remain stateless
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