Statistics Algeria 
Algeria in the World
Algeria - Introduction 2023
top of pageBackground:
Algeria has known many empires and dynasties starting with the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962.
Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. FIS membership is illegal.
Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. FIS membership is illegal.
Area
Total: 2,381,740 km²
Land: 2,381,740 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas
Land boundaries
Total: 6,734 km
Border countries: (6) Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km
Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Land use
Agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 13.8% (2018 est.)
Forest: 0.8% (2018 est.)
Other: 81.8% (2018 est.)
Major watersheds area km²:
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 km²)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 km²)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 km²)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 190 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 6.67 billion cubic meters (2020 est.)
Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts
Geography
Note: largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated
Algeria - People 2023
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this: 44,758,398 (2023 est.)
Growth rate: 1.62% (2023 est.)
Below poverty line: 5.5% (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups: Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1%
Note: although almost all Algerians are Amazigh in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as primarily Amazigh, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and several other communities; the Amazigh are also Muslim but identify with their Amazigh rather than Arab cultural heritage; Amazigh have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Amazigh languages and introduced them into public schools
Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq))
Major-language samples:
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.)
Demographic profile: For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s.
Age structure
0-14 years: 28.78% (male 6,594,512/female 6,286,191)
15-64 years: 64.29% (male 14,607,255/female 14,166,990)
65 years and over: 6.93% (2023 est.) (male 1,475,635/female 1,627,815)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 58.5
Youth dependency ratio: 48.7
Elderly dependency ratio: 9.8
Potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est.)
Population distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this
Urbanization
Urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment
Current issues: air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 22.68 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
Male: 19.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Drinking water source
Improved urban: 99.6% of population
Improved rural: 98.8% of population
Improved total: 99.4% of population
Unimproved urban: 0.4% of population
Unimproved rural: 1.2% of population
Unimproved total: 0.6% of population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access
Improved urban:
98.3% of population
rural: 91.3% of population
total: 96.5% of population
rural: 91.3% of population
total: 96.5% of population
Unimproved urban:
1.7% of population
rural: 8.7% of population
total: 3.5% of population (2020 est.)
rural: 8.7% of population
total: 3.5% of population (2020 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Note: on 32 August 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Algeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine
Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 81.4%
Male: 87.4%
Female: 75.3% (2018)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 31.9% (2021 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 27.8%
Rate ages 15 24 female: 54%
Algeria - Government 2023
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Conventional short form: Algeria
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
Local short form: Al Jaza'ir
Etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers
Capital
Name: Algiers
Geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-Jazair" meaning "the islands" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525
Administrative divisions: 58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt
Constitution
History: several previous; latest approved by referendum November 2020
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2008, 2016; last in 2020
Legal system: mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeria
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Executive branch
Chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nadir LARBAOUI (since 11 November 2023)
Cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 December 2019 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament
Election results:
2019: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (National Democratic Rally, RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Front El Mustakbal, FM) 6.7%
2014: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for a fourth term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (FLN) 81.5%, Ali BENFLIS (FLN) 12.2%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 3.4%, other 2.9%
Legislative branch
Description:
bicameral Parliament consists of:
Council of the Nation or Majlis al-Umma (174 seats, statutory; 170 currently); two-thirds of members indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local assemblies within each wilaya, and one-third of members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National People's Assembly or al-Majlis al-Sha'abi al-Watani (407 seats, including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote using the Hare quota method; members serve 5-year terms)
Council of the Nation or Majlis al-Umma (174 seats, statutory; 170 currently); two-thirds of members indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local assemblies within each wilaya, and one-third of members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National People's Assembly or al-Majlis al-Sha'abi al-Watani (407 seats, including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote using the Hare quota method; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections:
Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next expected in 2025)
National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)
National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)
Election results:
Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition as of August 2023 - men 163, women 7, percent of women 4.1%
National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 375, women 32, percent of women 7.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 6.8%
National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 375, women 32, percent of women 7.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 6.8%
Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years
Subordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals
Political parties and leaders:
Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]
Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]
El-Infitah [Omar BOUACHA]
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP [Naima SALHI]
Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Yazid BENAICHA]
Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]
Movement for National Reform or El Islah [Mohamed Ben ABDESSALAM]
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abdelali Hassani CHERIF]
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Mustapha YAHI]
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Redouane KHELIF]
National Liberation Front or FLN [Abdelkrim BENMBAREK]
National Militancy Front or FMN [Abdallah HADDAD]
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]
National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]
New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel BENZIADI]
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Atmane MAZOUZ]
Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]
Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Salah ABDERAHMANE]
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Reda BENOUNANE]
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]
Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]
Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]
Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]
El-Infitah [Omar BOUACHA]
Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP [Naima SALHI]
Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Yazid BENAICHA]
Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]
Movement for National Reform or El Islah [Mohamed Ben ABDESSALAM]
Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abdelali Hassani CHERIF]
National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]
National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Mustapha YAHI]
National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Redouane KHELIF]
National Liberation Front or FLN [Abdelkrim BENMBAREK]
National Militancy Front or FMN [Abdallah HADDAD]
National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]
National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]
New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]
New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]
Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel BENZIADI]
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Atmane MAZOUZ]
Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]
Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]
Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Salah ABDERAHMANE]
Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Reda BENOUNANE]
Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]
Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]
Note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Mohammed HANECHE (since 12 December 2022)
In the us chancery: 2,118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 265-2,800
In the us FAX: [1] (202) 986-5,906
In the us email address and website:
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)
From the us embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16,030, Alger
From the us mailing address: 6,030 Algiers Place, Washington DC 20,521-6,030
From the us telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000
From the us FAX: [213] (0) 770-08-2,299
From the us email address and website:
Flag description: two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness
National symbols: five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon, fennec fox; national colors: green, white, red
National anthem
Name: "Kassaman" (We Pledge)
Lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI
Note: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)
Selected World Heritage Site locales:
Algeria - Economy 2023
top of pageEconomy overview: suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confidence; COVID-19 austerity policies; delayed promised socio-economic reforms
Real gdp purchasing power parity:
$487.716 billion (2021 est.)
$471.223 billion (2020 est.)
$496.547 billion (2019 est.)
$471.223 billion (2020 est.)
$496.547 billion (2019 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Real gdp per capita:
$11,000 (2021 est.)
$10,800 (2020 est.)
$11,600 (2019 est.)
$10,800 (2020 est.)
$11,600 (2019 est.)
Note: data are in 2017 dollars
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est.)
Government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 38.1% (2017 est.)
Investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est.)
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est.)
Industry: 39.3% (2017 est.)
Services: 47.4% (2017 est.)
Agriculture products: potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables
Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 31.9% (2021 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 27.8%
Rate ages 15 24 female: 54%
Budget
Revenues: $55.185 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $64.728 billion (2019 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public debt:
27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt
Current account balance:
-$4.608 billion (2021 est.)
-$18.187 billion (2020 est.)
-$16.954 billion (2019 est.)
-$18.187 billion (2020 est.)
-$16.954 billion (2019 est.)
Exports:
$41.776 billion (2021 est.)
$24.902 billion (2020 est.)
$38.551 billion (2019 est.)
$24.902 billion (2020 est.)
$38.551 billion (2019 est.)
Note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Partners: Italy 13%, France 13%, Spain 12%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 7%, India 5%, South Korea 5% (2019)
Commodities: natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ammonia (2021)
Imports:
$44.322 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$42.347 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.259 billion (2019 est.)
$42.347 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.259 billion (2019 est.)
Partners: China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019)
Commodities: refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$59.434 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
$59.434 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
Exchange rates:
Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - 135.064 (2021 est.)
126.777 (2020 est.)
119.354 (2019 est.)
116.594 (2018 est.)
110.973 (2017 est.)
126.777 (2020 est.)
119.354 (2019 est.)
116.594 (2018 est.)
110.973 (2017 est.)
Algeria - Energy 2023
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification-total population: 99.8% (2021)
Access electrification-urban areas: 99.6% (2021)
Access electrification-rural areas: 99.2% (2021)
Installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est.)
Consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est.)
Imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)
Coal
Production: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
Imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est.)
Proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil and lease condensate imports: 4,100 bbl/day (2018 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Refined petroleum
Products production: 627,900 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products exports: 578,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Products imports: 82,930 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Natural gas
Production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
Imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Proven reserves: 4,503,900,000,000 cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 57.867 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Algeria - Communication 2023
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 5,576,193 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2021 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 47,028,685 (2021 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 106 (2021 est.)
Broadcast media: state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations
Internet
Country code: .dz
Users total: 31.24 million (2021 est.)
Users percent of population: 71% (2021 est.)
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Total: 3,790,459 (2020 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)
Algeria - Military 2023
top of pageMilitary expenditures:
9% of GDP (2023)
4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
6% of GDP (2019 est.)
4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
6% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and security forces:
Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie
Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2023)
Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2023)
Note: the National Gendarmerie performs police functions outside urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense; it is comprised of territorial, intervention/mobile, border guard, railway, riot control, and air support units; General Directorate of National Security share responsibility for maintaining law and order
Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for mandatory service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2023)
Note: conscripts comprise an estimated 70% of the military
Space program
Overview: has a national space policy and a national space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resource usage, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, satellite image processing, and geo-spatial information; has bilateral relationships with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Ukraine, and the UK; also a member of the Arab Space Coordination Group, established by the UAE in 2019 (2023)
Overview note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in space programs
Terrorist groups
Terrorist groups: al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) - Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun)
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in terrorist organizations
Algeria - Transportation 2023
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km
Airports: 149 (2021)
With paved runways: 67 (2023)
With paved runways civil airports: 19
With paved runways military airports: 11
With paved runways joint use (civil-military) airports: 14
With paved runways other airports: 32
With paved runways note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the “typical” length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.)
With unpaved runways: 82
With unpaved runways note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control
Pipelines: 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013)
Merchant marine
Total: 119 (2022)
By type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89
Ports and terminals
Major seaports: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda
Lng terminals export: Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda
Algeria - Transnational issues 2023
top of pageDisputes international:
Algeria-Morocco: the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco remain a dormant dispute
Algeria-Libya: dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 km² still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria
Algeria-Mali: none identified
Algeria-Mauritania: none identified
Algeria-Niger: none identified
Algeria-Tunisia: none identified
Algeria-Libya: dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 km² still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria
Algeria-Mali: none identified
Algeria-Mauritania: none identified
Algeria-Niger: none identified
Algeria-Tunisia: none identified
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)
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