Statistics Lebanon 
Lebanon in the World
Lebanon - Introduction 2024
top of pageBackground:
As a result of its location at the crossroads of three continents, the area that is modern-day Lebanon is rich in cultural and religious diversity. This region was subject to various foreign conquerors for much of its history, including the Romans, Arabs, and Ottomans. Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. From it the French demarcated the region of Lebanon in 1920, and it gained independence in 1943. Lebanon subsequently experienced periods of political turmoil interspersed with prosperity built on its position as a regional center for finance and trade.
The country's 1975-90 civil war, which resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability, and sectarianism remains a key element of Lebanese political life. The Israeli defense forces, which occupied parts of Lebanon during the civil war, did not completely withdraw until 2000. Neighboring Syria influenced Lebanon's foreign and domestic policies while its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005, but its influence diminished significantly after 2005. Over 1.5 million Syrian refugees fled to Lebanon after the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011. Hizballah -- a major Lebanese political party, militia, and US-designated foreign terrorist organization -- and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal and fought a brief war in 2006. After HAMAS attacked Israel on 7 October 2023, the intensity and frequency of these cross-border attacks increased substantially into a cycle of hostilities, mostly limited to the border areas as of January 2024. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved.
Lebanon's prosperity has significantly diminished since the beginning of the country's economic crisis in 2019, which has crippled its economy, shut down its previously lucrative banking sector, reduced the value of its currency, and caused many Lebanese to emigrate in search of better prospects.
The country's 1975-90 civil war, which resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities, was followed by years of social and political instability, and sectarianism remains a key element of Lebanese political life. The Israeli defense forces, which occupied parts of Lebanon during the civil war, did not completely withdraw until 2000. Neighboring Syria influenced Lebanon's foreign and domestic policies while its military occupied Lebanon from 1976 until 2005, but its influence diminished significantly after 2005. Over 1.5 million Syrian refugees fled to Lebanon after the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011. Hizballah -- a major Lebanese political party, militia, and US-designated foreign terrorist organization -- and Israel continued attacks and counterattacks against each other after Syria's withdrawal and fought a brief war in 2006. After HAMAS attacked Israel on 7 October 2023, the intensity and frequency of these cross-border attacks increased substantially into a cycle of hostilities, mostly limited to the border areas as of January 2024. Lebanon's borders with Syria and Israel remain unresolved.
Lebanon's prosperity has significantly diminished since the beginning of the country's economic crisis in 2019, which has crippled its economy, shut down its previously lucrative banking sector, reduced the value of its currency, and caused many Lebanese to emigrate in search of better prospects.
Area
Total: 10,400 km²
Land: 10,230 km²
Water: 170 km²
Comparative: about one-third the size of Maryland
Country comparison total: 484 km
Country comparison border countries: (2) Israel 81 km; Syria 403 km
Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows
Elevation
Highest point: Qornet es Saouda 3,088 m
Lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 1,250 m
Natural resources: limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land
Land use
Agricultural land: 63.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 13.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 23.3% (2018 est.)
Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 240 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 900 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 700 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Geography
Note: smallest country in continental Asia; Nahr el Litani is the only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity
Lebanon - People 2024
top of pagePopulation
Distribution: the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density
Total: 5,364,482
Male: 2,678,543
Female: 2,685,939 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: 0.61% (2024 est.)
Ethnic groups: Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
Note: many Christian Lebanese do not identify as Arab but rather as descendants of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians
Languages: Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Major-language samples: دليل جيوس العالمي، المصدر الذي لا غنى عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic); Gheos World Guide une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions: Muslim 67.8% (31.9% Sunni, 31.2% Shia, smaller percentages of Alawites and Ismailis), Christian 32.4% (Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group), Druze 4.5%, very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, Buddhists, and Hindus (2020 est.)
Note: data represent the religious affiliation of the citizen population (data do not include Lebanon's sizable Syrian and Palestinian refugee populations); 18 religious sects recognized
Age structure
0-14 years: 18.9% (male 519,352/female 495,591)
15-64 years: 71.6% (male 1,939,311/female 1,900,574)
65 years and over: 9.5% (2024 est.) (male 219,880/female 289,774)
Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 59.3
Youth dependency ratio: 44
Elderly dependency ratio: 15.3
Potential support ratio: 6.5 (2021 est.)
Population distribution: the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density
Urbanization
Urban population: 89.4% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Environment
Current issues: deforestation; soil deterioration, erosion; desertification; species loss; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills; waste-water management
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 24.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 24.8 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 3.37 megatons (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate
Total: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Drinking water source
Improved urban: NA
Unimproved rural: NA
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: NA
Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: NA
Improved rural: NA
Improved total: 100% of population
Unimproved urban: NA
Unimproved rural: NA
Unimproved total: 0% of population (2020 est.)
Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 1.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 0.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 0.53 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 95.1%
Male: 96.9%
Female: 93.3% (2018)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 11 years
Male: 12 years
Female: 11 years (2014)
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 23.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 24.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 22% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Lebanon - Government 2024
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Lebanese Republic
Conventional short form: Lebanon
Local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah
Local short form: Lubnan
Former: Greater Lebanon
Etymology: derives from the Semitic root 'lbn' meaning 'white' and refers to snow-capped Mount Lebanon
Capital
Name: Beirut
Geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: derived from the Canaanite or Phoenician word 'ber'ot,' meaning 'the wells' or 'fountain,' which referred to the site's accessible water table
Administrative divisions: 8 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Aakkar, Baalbek-Hermel, Beqaa (Bekaa), Beyrouth (Beirut), Liban-Nord (North Lebanon), Liban-Sud (South Lebanon), Mont-Liban (Mount Lebanon), Nabatiye
Constitution
History: drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926
Amendments: proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 2004
Legal system: mixed legal system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Lebanon
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
Suffrage: 21 years of age; authorized for all men and women regardless of religion; excludes persons convicted of felonies and other crimes or those imprisoned; excludes all military and security service personnel regardless of rank
Executive branch
Chief of state: president (vacant)
Head of government: Caretaker Prime Minister Najib MIQATI (since 20 September 2021)
Cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and Parliament
Elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds of Parliament members in the first round and if needed a two-thirds quorum of members by simple majority vote in a second round for a 6-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); last held on 31 October 2016; prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with Parliament
Election results: 2023: on 14 June 2023, Parliament failed in its twelfth attempt to elect a president
Note: the Hezbollah bloc withdrew following the first round of voting and a second round was not possible since Parliament lacked the required 86-member quorum for a second round of voting; 2016: Michel AWN elected president in second round; Parliament vote - Michel AWN (FPM) 83; the president was finally elected in its 46th attempt on 31 October 2016
Legislative branch
Description: unicameral House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab in Arabic, Chambre des députés in French (128 seats; members directly elected in multi-member constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held on 15 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2026)
Elections results: percent of vote by party/coalition – NA; seats by party/coalition – FPM 16, LF 14, Amal Movement 13, Hezbollah 13, PSP 9, Kata’ib Party 4, other 30, independent 29; composition - men 120, women 8, percentage women 6.3%
Note 1: Lebanon’s constitution states that the Parliament cannot conduct regular business until it elects a president when the position is vacant
Note 2: seats are apportioned evenly between Christians and Muslims
Judicial branch
Highest courts: Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (organized into 8 chambers, each with a presiding judge and 2 associate judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 10 members)
Judge selection and term of office: Court of Cassation judges appointed by Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body headed by the chief justice, and includes other judicial officials; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed - 5 by the Council of Ministers and 5 by parliament; members serve 5-year terms
Subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; specialized tribunals, religious courts; military courts
Political parties and leaders: Al-Ahbash (Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) or AICP, Amal Movement ('Hope Movement'), Azm Movement, Ba’th Arab Socialist Party of Lebanon, Free Patriotic Movement or FPM, Future Movement Bloc or FM, Hizballah, Islamic Action Front or IAF, Kata'ib Party, Lebanese Democratic Party, Lebanese Forces or LF, Marada Movement, Progressive Socialist Party or PSP, Social Democrat Hunshaqian Party, Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP, Tashnaq or Armenian Revolutionary Federation
International organization participation: ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Waël HACHEM, Counselor (since 15 March 2021)
In the us chancery: 2,560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 939-6,300
In the us fax: [1] (202) 939-6,324
In the us email address and website: info@lebanonembassyus.org; [link]
In the us consulates general: Detroit, New York, Los Angeles
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Lisa A. JOHNSON (since 11 January 2024)
From the us embassy: Awkar facing the Municipality, P.O. Box 70-840 Antelias, Beirut
From the us mailing address: 6,070 Beirut Place, Washington DC 20,521-6,070
From the us telephone: [961] (04) 543-600
From the us fax: [961] (4) 544-019
From the us email address and website: BeirutACS@state.gov; [link]
Flag description: three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band; the red bands symbolize blood shed for liberation, the white band denotes peace, the snow of the mountains, and purity; the green cedar tree is the symbol of Lebanon and represents eternity, steadiness, happiness, and prosperity
National anthem
Name: 'Kulluna lil-watan' (All Of Us, For Our Country!)
Lyrics/music: Rachid NAKHLE/Wadih SABRA
Note: adopted 1927; chosen following a nationwide competition
Lebanon - Economy 2024
top of pageEconomy overview: upper middle-income Middle Eastern economy; economic activity hurt by economic depression, COVID-19, and port explosion; hyperinflation and sharp poverty increases; banks have ceased lending; new financing facility helping with recovery
Real gdp purchasing power parity: $65.818 billion (2023 est.); $65.917 billion (2022 est.); $66.329 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars
Real gdp growth rate: -0.15% (2023 est.); -0.62% (2022 est.); -7% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real gdp per capita: $12,300 (2023 est.); $12,000 (2022 est.); $11,900 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars
Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 129.7% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 5.8% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 0.9% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 46.1% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -82.4% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
Industry: 2.4% (2023 est.)
Services: 47.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Agriculture products: potatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, chicken, lemons/limes, wheat (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries: banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating
Industrial production growth rate: 0.74% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force: 1.771 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate: 11.57% (2023 est.); 11.6% (2022 est.); 12.62% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 23.7% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 24.6% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 22% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Budget
Revenues: $12.73 billion (2021 est.)
Expenditures: $11.356 billion (2021 est.)
Note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Taxes and other revenues: 5.68% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Public debt: 146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
Note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Inflation rate consumer prices: 221.34% (2023 est.); 171.21% (2022 est.); 154.76% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Current account balance: -$5.643 billion (2023 est.); -$7.265 billion (2022 est.); -$4.556 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports: $11.77 billion (2023 est.); $12.445 billion (2022 est.); $9.684 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: UAE 22%, Syria 8%, Egypt 5%, US 5%, Turkey 4% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: diamonds, plastics, jewelry, gold, scrap iron (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports: $23.313 billion (2023 est.); $24.536 billion (2022 est.); $17.667 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: China 14%, Turkey 13%, Greece 9%, UAE 7%, Italy 5% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: refined petroleum, cars, gold, broadcasting equipment, diamonds (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $32.513 billion (2022 est.); $35.239 billion (2021 est.); $42.44 billion (2020 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt external: $38.856 billion (2022 est.)
Note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates:
Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2022 est.)
1,507.5 (2021 est.)
1,507.5 (2020 est.)
1,507.5 (2019 est.)
1,507.5 (2018 est.)
1,507.5 (2021 est.)
1,507.5 (2020 est.)
1,507.5 (2019 est.)
1,507.5 (2018 est.)
Lebanon - Energy 2024
top of pageElectricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 4.141 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 9.166 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 448.671 million kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 1.328 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 90.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Coal
Consumption: 207,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 47.1 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 197,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 26.594 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 456,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 26.137 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
Lebanon - Communication 2024
top of pageTelephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 875,000 (2021 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 4.288 million (2021 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 77 (2021 est.)
Lebanon - Military 2024
top of pageMilitary expenditures: 3.2% of GDP (2021 est.); 3% of GDP (2020 est.); 4.7% of GDP (2019 est.); 5.1% of GDP (2018 est.); 4.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military and security forces: Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF): Army Command (includes Presidential Guard Brigade, Land Border Regiments), Naval Forces, Air Forces; Ministry of Interior: Internal Security Forces Directorate (law enforcement; includes Mobile Gendarmerie), Directorate for General Security (DGS; border control, some domestic security duties); Parliamentary Police Force (2024)
Note 1: the commander of the LAF is also the head of the Army; the LAF patrols external borders, while official border checkpoints are under the authority of Directorate for General Security
Note 2: the Parliamentary Police Force reports to the speaker of parliament and has responsibility for protecting parliament premises and the speaker’s residence; both the Internal Security Forces and the Lebanese Armed Forces provide units to the Parliamentary Police Force
Military service age and obligation: 17-25 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2024)
Note: women were allowed to volunteer for military service in the 1980s; as of 2023, they comprised about 5% of the active duty military
Terrorist groups: Abdallah Azzam Brigades; al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade; Asbat al-Ansar; HAMAS; Hizballah; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); Palestine Liberation Front; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); PFLP-General Command
Note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Lebanon - Transportation 2024
top of pageNational air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 2,981,937 (2018)
Annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 56.57 million (2018) mt-km
Lebanon - Transnational issues 2024
top of pageRefugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 487,000 (Palestinian refugees) (2022); 784,884 (Syria) (2023)
Idps: 7,000 (2020)
Stateless persons: undetermined (2016)
Note: tens of thousands of persons are stateless in Lebanon, including many Palestinian refugees and their descendants, Syrian Kurds denaturalized in Syria in 1962, children born to Lebanese women married to foreign or stateless men; most babies born to Syrian refugees, and Lebanese children whose births are unregistered
Illicit drugs: source country for amphetamine tablets destined for Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Libya and Sudan; source for captagon
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