Background: Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

Geographic coordinates: 56 00 N, 24 00 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 65,300 km²
Land: 62,680 km²
Water: 2,620 km²
Comparative: slightly larger than West Virginia
Country comparison total: 1,545 km
Country comparison border countries: (3) Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km

Land boundaries
Total: 1,545 km
Border countries: (3) Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km

Coastline: 90 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Terrain: lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Elevation
Highest point: Aukstojas 294 m
Lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
Mean elevation: 110 m

Natural resources: peat, arable land, amber

Land use
Agricultural land: 44.8% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land arable land: 34.9% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land permanent pasture: 9.4% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land forest: 34.6% (2018 est.)
Agricultural land other: 20.6% (2018 est.)

Irrigated land: 16 km² (2013)

Total water withdrawal
Municipal: 140 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Industrial: 60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Agricultural: 60 million cubic meters (2020 est.)

Total renewable water resources: 24.5 billion m³ (2020 est.)

Natural hazards: occasional floods, droughts

Geography
Note: fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Population
Distribution: fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, and the western port of Klaipeda
Total: 2,628,186
Male: 1,214,994
Female: 1,413,192 (2024 est.)
Growth rate: -1.05% (2024 est.)
Below poverty line: 20.9% (2021 est.)
Below poverty line note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Nationality
Noun: Lithuanian(s)
Adjective: Lithuanian

Ethnic groups: Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

Languages: Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)
Major-language samples: Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian); Gheos World Guide, the indispensable source for basic information.

Religions: Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

Age structure
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 205,154/female 194,386)
15-64 years: 62.6% (male 808,435/female 837,908)
65 years and over: 22.2% (2024 est.) (male 201,405/female 380,898)

Dependency ratios
Total dependency ratio: 55.7
Youth dependency ratio: 23.6
Elderly dependency ratio: 32.1
Potential support ratio: 3.1 (2021 est.)

Median age
Total: 45.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 40.9 years
Female: 49.2 years

Population growth rate: -1.05% (2024 est.)

Birth rate: 8.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Death rate: 15.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Net migration rate: -4.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Population distribution: fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, and the western port of Klaipeda

Urbanization
Urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Major urban areas
Population: 541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

Environment
Current issues: water pollution; air pollution; deforestation; threatened animal and plant species; chemicals and waste materials released into the environment contaminate soil and groundwater; soil degradation and erosion
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Air pollutants
Particulate matter emissions: 10.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions: 12.96 megatons (2016 est.)
Methane emissions: 3.15 megatons (2020 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth: 28.2 years (2020 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio: 9 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
Male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
Female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.)
Male: 70.8 years
Female: 81.7 years

Total fertility rate: 1.62 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate: NA

Drinking water source
Improved urban: 100% of population
Unimproved rural: 6.2% of population
Unimproved total: 2% of population (2020 est.)
Unimproved urban: 0% of population

Hospital bed density: 6.4 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Sanitation facility access
Improved urban: 99.5% of population
Improved rural: 88.7% of population
Improved total: 96% of population
Unimproved urban: 0.5% of population
Unimproved rural: 11.3% of population
Unimproved total: 4% of population (2020 est.)

Obesity adult prevalence rate: 26.3% (2016)

Alcohol consumption
Per capita total: 11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita beer: 4.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita wine: 0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita spirits: 4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Per capita other alcohols: 1.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Tobacco use
Total: 32% (2020 est.)
Male: 42.1% (2020 est.)
Female: 21.8% (2020 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.5% (2021) NA

Education expenditures: 4% of GDP (2019 est.)

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 99.8%
Male: 99.8%
Female: 99.8% (2021)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 16 years
Male: 16 years
Female: 17 years (2020)

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 13.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 16.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 11.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
Conventional short form: Lithuania
Local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
Local short form: Lietuva
Former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR)
Etymology: meaning of the name 'Lietuva' remains unclear and is debated by scholars; it may derive from the Lietava, a stream in east central Lithuania

Government type: semi-presidential republic

Capital
Name: Vilnius
Geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E
Time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Etymology: named after the Vilnia River, which flows into the Neris River at Vilnius; the river name derives from the Lithuanian word 'vilnis' meaning 'a surge'

Administrative divisions: 60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

Independence: 16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

National holiday: Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918)
Note: 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Lithuanian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union

Constitution
History: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992
Amendments: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2022

Legal system: civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania
Dual citizenship recognized: no
Residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ingrida SIMONYTE (since 24 November 2020)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); first round held on 12 May 2024 (runoff held on 12 May 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
Election results: 2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4%; 2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
Elections: last held on 13 October 2024 first round (next to be held on 27 October 2024 - second round)
Elections results: preliminary first-round results percent of vote by party - LSDP 19.4%, TS-LKD 18%, NA 15%, DSVL 9.2%, LRLS 7.7%, LVZS 7%, LLRA-KSS 6%; seats by party - LSDP 20, TS-LKD 18, NA 15, DSVL 8, LRLS 8, LVZS 6, LLRA-KSS 2, Independents 1

Judicial branch
Highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one-third of membership reconstituted every 3 years
Subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts

Political parties and leaders: Dawn of Nemunas or NA, Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania or LLRA–KŠS, Freedom and Justice Party or LT (formerly Lithuanian Freedom Union (Liberals)), Freedom Party or LP, Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats or TS-LKD, Labour Party or DP, Lithuanian Center Party or LCP, Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party or LKDP, Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVZS, Lithuanian Green Party or LZP, Liberals' Movement or LRLS, Lithuanian List or LL, Lithuanian Regions Party or LRP, Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP, Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

International organization participation: Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: chief of mission: Ambassador Audra PLEPYTĖ (since 7 July 2021)
In the us chancery: 2,622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 234-5,860
In the us fax: [1] (202) 328-0466
In the us email address and website: info@usa.mfa.lt; [link]
In the us consulates general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024)
From the us embassy: Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-3,106
From the us mailing address: 4,510 Vilnius Place, Washington DC 20,521-4,510
From the us telephone: [370] (5) 266-5,500
From the us fax: [370] (5) 266-5,510
From the us email address and website: consec@state.gov; [link]

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red; yellow symbolizes golden fields, as well as the sun, light, and goodness; green represents the forests of the countryside, in addition to nature, freedom, and hope; red stands for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland

National symbols: mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork; national colors: yellow, green, red

National anthem
Name: 'Tautiska giesme' (The National Song)
Lyrics/music: Vincas KUDIRKA
Note: adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 while Lithuania was a part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990

National heritage
Total world heritage sites: 5 (all cultural)
Selected world heritage site locales:

Economy overview: high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; growth stalled due to Ukraine war impact on energy, exports, and fiscal spending for defense and refugee support; rebound supported by EU fund-driven investments and reduced inflation; structural challenges include pension reform, labor market inefficiencies, health care, and education spending

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $132.712 billion (2023 est.); $133.159 billion (2022 est.); $129.987 billion (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Real gdp growth rate: -0.34% (2023 est.); 2.44% (2022 est.); 6.28% (2021 est.)
Note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real gdp per capita: $46,200 (2023 est.); $47,000 (2022 est.); $46,400 (2021 est.)
Note: data in 2021 dollars

Gdp composition by end use
Household consumption: 58.8% (2023 est.)
Government consumption: 17.7% (2023 est.)
Investment in fixed capital: 23.3% (2023 est.)
Investment in inventories: -3.6% (2023 est.)
Exports of goods and services: 78.5% (2023 est.)
Imports of goods and services: -74.7% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 3% (2023 est.)
Industry: 24.1% (2023 est.)
Services: 63.1% (2023 est.)
Note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Agriculture products: wheat, milk, rapeseed, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, beans, triticale, oats, peas (2022)
Note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

Industrial production growth rate: -2.17% (2023 est.)
Note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Labor force: 1.51 million (2023 est.)
Note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment rate: 6.96% (2023 est.); 5.96% (2022 est.); 7.11% (2021 est.)
Note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment
Rate ages 15 24 total: 13.9% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 male: 16.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 female: 11.3% (2023 est.)
Rate ages 15 24 note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Population below poverty line: 20.9% (2021 est.)
Note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Budget
Revenues: $24.347 billion (2022 est.)
Expenditures: $24.219 billion (2022 est.)
Note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Taxes and other revenues: 21.1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
Note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Public debt: 36.05% of GDP (2022 est.)
Note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Revenue
From forest resources: 0.31% of GDP (2018 est.)
From coal: 0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate consumer prices: 9.12% (2023 est.); 19.71% (2022 est.); 4.68% (2021 est.)
Note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Current account balance: $1.506 billion (2023 est.); -$3.874 billion (2022 est.); $766.788 million (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exports: $61.101 billion (2023 est.); $61.444 billion (2022 est.); $53.397 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Latvia 13%, Poland 8%, Germany 8%, Russia 6%, US 6% (2022)
Partners note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Commodities: refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, natural gas, wheat (2022)
Commodities note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Imports: $58.104 billion (2023 est.); $62.853 billion (2022 est.); $50.377 billion (2021 est.)
Note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Partners: Poland 12%, Germany 11%, Latvia 8%, US 6%, Russia 5% (2022)
Partners note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, cars, plastic products (2022)
Commodities note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $6.168 billion (2023 est.); $5.365 billion (2022 est.); $5.58 billion (2021 est.)
Note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Exchange rates:

Electricity
Access electrification total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity: 4.258 million kW (2022 est.)
Consumption: 11.227 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Exports: 2.652 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Imports: 11.22 billion kWh (2022 est.)
Transmission/distribution losses: 855.476 million kWh (2022 est.)
Generation sources fossil fuels: 28.1% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources solar: 4.7% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources wind: 42.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources hydroelectricity: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)
Generation sources biomass and waste: 17.8% of total installed capacity (2022 est.)

Coal
Consumption: 263,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Exports: 154,000 metric tons (2022 est.)
Imports: 496,000 metric tons (2022 est.)

Petroleum
Total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Refined petroleum consumption: 68,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Crude oil estimated reserves: 12 million barrels (2021 est.)

Natural gas
Consumption: 1.601 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Exports: 1.921 billion m³ (2022 est.)
Imports: 3.53 billion m³ (2022 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions: 12.803 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From coal and metallurgical coke: 586,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From petroleum and other liquids: 9.115 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)
From consumed natural gas: 3.102 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2022 est.)

Energy consumption per capita: 85.201 million Btu/person (2022 est.)

Telephones
Fixed lines total subscriptions: 250,000 (2022 est.)
Fixed lines subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular total subscriptions: 3.826 million (2022 est.)
Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 139 (2022 est.)

Military expenditures: 2.9% of GDP (2024 est.); 2.8% of GDP (2023); 2.5% of GDP (2022); 2% of GDP (2021); 2.1% of GDP (2020)

Military and security forces: Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Land Forces (Sausumos Pajegos), Naval Forces (Karines Juru Pajegos), Air Forces (Karines Oro Pajegos), Special Operations Forces (Specialiuju Operaciju Pajegos); National Defense Volunteer Forces (Krašto Apsaugos Savanorių Pajegos or KASP); National Riflemen's Union (Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga) (2024)
Note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government that cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the armed forces
Note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces

Military service age and obligation: 19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation; in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; 18-38 for voluntary service for men and women (2024)
Note 1: Lithuania conscripts up to 4,000 males each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system
Note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel

National air transport system
Number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)
Inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 50
Annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 26,031 (2018)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: LY

Airports: 65 (2024)

Heliports: 2 (2024)

Pipelines: 1,921 km gas, 121 km refined products (2013)

Roadways
Total: 83,821 km (2022)

Waterways: 441 km (2007) (navigable year-round)

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees country of origin: 41,490 (Ukraine) (as of 11 March 2024)
Stateless persons: 2,720 (2022)

Illicit drugs: source country for amphetamine tablets