Map of Burundi | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

Background


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area

Land boundaries: 974 km total; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km

Coastline: none - landlocked

Maritime claims: none - landlocked

Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands

Terrain: mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains

Elevation

Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium

Land use: 43% arable land; 8% permanent crops; 35% meadows and pastures; 2% forest and woodland; 12% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography
Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed geoad0.gif" border="0" geoad1


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Population: 5,456,112 (July 1989), growth rate 3.6% (1989)

Nationality: noun - Burundian(s; adjective - Burundi

Ethnic groups: Africans - 85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pygmy; other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians

Languages: Kirundi and French (official; Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Religions: about 67% Christian (62% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant), 32% indigenous beliefs, 1% Muslim

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 48 births/1000 population (1989)

Death rate: 15 deaths/1000 population (1989)

Net migration rate: 3 migrants/1000 population (1989)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 114 deaths/1000 live births (1989)

Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 53 years female (1989)

Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1989)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 30%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Burundi

Government type: republic

Capital: Bujumbura

Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

Dependent areas

Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Constitution: 20 November 1981; on taking power Maj. Pierre Buyoya suspended the Constitution and formed a Military Council for National Salvation

Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal adult

Executive branch: Chief of State - President Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987; Head of Government Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since NA September 1988)

Legislative branch: Army (includes naval and air units; paramilitary Gendarmerie

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: AfDB, CCC, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNE SCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Ambassador Edouard KADIGIRI; Chancery at Suite 212, 2,233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington DC 20,007; telephone (202) 342-2,574; US - Ambassador James Daniel PHILLIPS; Embassy at Avenue du Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bujumbura (mailing address is B. P. 1720, Bujumbura; telephone 234-54 through 56

Flag description: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic industries. Its economic health is dependent on the coffee crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: major cash crops - coffee, cotton, and tea; food crops - rice, corn, palm oil, sugar, bananas, manioc, pulses; livestock-meat, milk, hides, and skins

Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing

Industrial production growth rate: 5.1% (1986)

Labor force:

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $252 million; expenditures $295 million, including capital expenditures of $143 million (1986)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $84 million (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: coffee 88%, tea, hides and skins
Partners: EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%

Imports: $212 million (c.i.f., 1987)
Commodities: capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Partners: EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $745 million (December 1988)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 148.20 (December 1988), 140.40 (1988), 123.56 (1987), 114.17 (1986), 120.69 (1985)


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Electricity
Capacity: 51,000 kW capacity; 46 million kWh produced, 10 kWh per capita (1988)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $36.3 million, 19.1% of central government budget (1987)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: Lake Tanganyika

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs