Map of Congo | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Upon independence in 1960 the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. It has been ruled by a Marxist government ever since.


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Location

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area

Land boundaries:

Coastline: 169 km

Maritime claims: Territorial sea:200 nm

Climate: tropical; rainy season (March to June; dry season (June to October; constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Terrain: coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

Elevation

Natural resources: petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas

Land use: 2% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 29% meadows and pastures; 62% forest and woodland; 7% other

Irrigated land

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 2,227,744 (July 1989), growth rate 3.4% (1989)

Nationality: noun - Congolese (sing., pl.; adjective - Congolese or Congo

Ethnic groups: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in the south, Sangha (20%) and M'Bochi (12%) in the north, Teke (17%) in the center; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French

Languages: French (official; many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used

Religions: 50% Christian, 42% animist, 2% Muslim

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate

Birth rate: 46 births/1000 population (1989)

Death rate: 13 deaths/1000 population (1989)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1000 population (1989)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: deforestation; about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1000 live births (1989)

Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 58 years female (1989)

Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1989)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: 80%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name: conventional long form: People's Republic of the Congo

Government type: people's republic

Capital: Brazzaville

Administrative divisions: 9 regions (regions, singular - region; Bouenza, Cuvette, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha; note - there may be a new capital district of Brazzaville

Dependent areas

Independence: 15 August 1960 (from France; formerly Congo/Brazzaville)

National holiday: National Day, 15 August (1960)

Constitution: 8 July 1979

Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: universal over age 18

Executive branch: Chief of State - President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 8 February 1979; Head of Government - Prime Minister Ange Edouard POUNGUI (since 11 August 1984)

Legislative branch: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary National People's Militia

Judicial branch

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: AfDB, CCC, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

Diplomatic representation
In the us: Ambassador Benjamin BOUNKOULOU; Chancery at 4,891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington DC 20,011; telephone (202) 726-5,500; US - Ambassador Leonard G. SHURTLEFF; Embassy at Avenue Amilcar Cabral, Brazzaville (mailing address is B. P. 1015, Brazzaville, or Box C, APO New York 9,662-0006; telephone 83-20-70 or 83-26-24

Flag description: red with the national emblem in the upper hoist-side corner; the emblem includes a yellow five-pointed star above a crossed hoe and hammer (like the hammer and sickle design) in yellow, flanked by two curved green palm branches; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Oil is the mainstay of the economy, providing about 90% of exports and two-thirds of government revenues. In the early 1980s rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the Congo to finance large-scale development projects, and the country briefly achieved one of the highest real growth rates in Africa. The world decline in oil prices, however, has ended the period of rapid economic growth. The government has been forced to launch an austerity program to cope with declining receipts and to meet mounting foreign debts.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate

Real gdp per capita

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: imports 90% of annual food requirements; cash crops are coffee and cacao; cassava, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables

Industries: crude oil, cement, sawmills, brewery, sugar mill, palm oil, soap, cigarettes

Industrial production growth rate: - 5.9% (1987)

Labor force: 79,100 wage earners; 75% agriculture, 25% commerce, industry, and government; 51% of population of working age; 40% of population economically active (1985)

Unemployment rate: NA%

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $453.2 million; expenditures $742.7 million, including capital expenditures of $101.2 million (1987)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $912 million (f.o.b., 1987)
Commodities: crude petroleum 72%, lumber, plywood, coffee, cocoa, sugar, diamonds
Partners: US, France, other EC

Imports: $494.4 million (c.i.f., 1987)
Commodities: foodstuffs, consumer goods, intermediate manufactures, capital equipment
Partners: France, Italy, other EC, US, FRG, Spain, Japan, Brazil

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $4.5 billion (December 1988)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 312.52 (January 1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)


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Electricity
Capacity: 133,000 kW capacity; 301 million kWh produced, 140 kWh per capita (1988)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: NA

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 52 total, 48 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 25 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: long section with Democratic Republic of the Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs