Statistical information Cuba 1992
Cuba in the World
Cuba - Introduction 1992
top of pageBackground: Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959, and his guiding vision has defined Cuba's Communist revolution while his iron will has held the country together for more than four decades. CASTRO brought Cuba onto the world stage by inviting Soviet support in the 1960s, inciting revolutionary movements throughout Latin America and Africa in the 1970s, and sending his army to fight in Angola in the 1980s. At home, Havana provided Cubans with high levels of healthcare, education, and social security while suppressing the Roman Catholic Church and arresting political dissidents. The withdrawal of former-Soviet subsidies, worth $4billion-$6 billion per year, in 1990, cause severe economic hardship for Cuba.
Cuba - Geography 1992
top of pageLocation
Geographic coordinates
Map reference
Area
Total: 110,860 km²
Land: 110,860 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Land boundaries: 29.1 km; US Naval Base at Guantanamo 29.1 km
Coastline: 3,735 km
Maritime claims
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: US Naval Base at Guantanamo is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
Climate:
tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to
April); rainy season (May to October)
April); rainy season (May to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Elevation
Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica
Land use
Land use: arable land: 23%; permanent crops: 6%; meadows and pastures 23%; forest and woodland 17%; other 31%; includes irrigated 10%
Irrigated land
Major rivers
Major watersheds area km²
Total water withdrawal
Total renewable water resources
Natural hazards
Geography
Cuba - People 1992
top of pagePopulation: 10,846,821 (July 1992), growth rate 1.0% (1992)
Nationality: noun - Cuban(s; adjective - Cuban
Ethnic groups: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
Languages: Spanish
Religions: 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power
Demographic profile
Age structure
Age structure
Dependency ratios
Median age
Population growth rate
Birth rate: 17 births/1000 population (1992)
Death rate: 6 deaths/1000 population (1992)
Net migration rate: -1 migrant/1000 population (1992)
Population distribution
Urbanization
Major urban areas
Environment
Current issues: averages one hurricane every other year
Current issues note: largest country in Caribbean; 145 km south of Florida
Air pollutants
Sex ratio
Mothers mean age at first birth
Maternal mortality ratio
Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 79 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (1992)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Drinking water source
Current health expenditure
Physicians density
Hospital bed density
Sanitation facility access
Hiv/Aids
Major infectious diseases
Obesity adult prevalence rate
Alcohol consumption
Tobacco use
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
Education expenditures
Literacy: 94% (male 95%, female 93%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Youth unemployment
Cuba - Government 1992
top of pageCountry name
Conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
Government type: Communist state
Capital: Havana
Administrative divisions:
14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti
Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara
Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara
Dependent areas
Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902
National holiday: Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953)
Constitution: 24 February 1976
Legal system:
based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of
Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
International law organization participation
Citizenship
Suffrage: universal at age 16
National Assembly of the People's Power: last held December 1986 (next to be held before December 1992); results - PCC is the only party; seats - (510 total) indirectly elected
Communists: about 600,000 full and candidate members
Executive branch:
president of the Council of State, first vice president of the Council of State, Council of State, president of the
Council of Ministers, first vice president of the Council of Ministers,
Council of Ministers
Council of Ministers, first vice president of the Council of Ministers,
Council of Ministers
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular)
Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular)
Political parties and leaders
International organization participation:
CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, IFAD, ILO,
IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
none; protecting power in the US is
Switzerland - Cuban Interests Section; position vacant since March 1992; 2,630 and 2,639 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009; telephone (202) 797-8,518 or 8,519, 8,520, 8,609, 8,610
Switzerland - Cuban Interests Section; position vacant since March 1992; 2,630 and 2,639 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20,009; telephone (202) 797-8,518 or 8,519, 8,520, 8,609, 8,610
US:
protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland - US Interests Section, Swiss
Embassy; Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN; Calzada entre L Y M, Vedado
Seccion, Havana (mailing address is USINT, Swiss Embassy, Havana, Calzada
Entre L Y M, Vedado); telephone 32-0051, 32-0543
Embassy; Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN; Calzada entre L Y M, Vedado
Seccion, Havana (mailing address is USINT, Swiss Embassy, Havana, Calzada
Entre L Y M, Vedado); telephone 32-0051, 32-0543
Diplomatic representation
Flag description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center
National symbols
National anthem
National heritage
Cuba - Economy 1992
top of pageEconomy overview:
The economy, centrally planned and largely state owned, is highly dependent on the agricultural sector and foreign trade. Sugar provided about two-thirds of export revenues in 1991, and over half was exported to the former Soviet republics. The economy has stagnated since 1985 under policies that have deemphasized material incentives in the workplace, abolished farmers' informal produce markets, and raised prices of government-supplied goods and services. In 1990 the economy probably fell 5% largely as a result of declining trade with the former Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe. Recently the government has been trying to increase trade with Latin America and China. Cuba has had difficulty servicing its foreign debt since 1982. The government currently is encouraging foreign investment in tourist facilities and in industrial plants idled by falling imports from the former Soviet Union. Other investment priorities include sugar, basic foods, and nickel. The annual Soviet subsidy dropped from $4 billion in 1990 to about $1 billion in 1991 because of a lower price paid for Cuban sugar and a sharp decline in Soviet exports to Cuba. The former Soviet republics have indicated they will no longer extend aid to Cuba beginning in 1992.
Instead of highly subsidized trade, Cuba has been shifting to trade at market prices in convertible currencies. Because of increasingly severe shortages of fuels, industrial raw materials, and spare parts, aggregate output dropped by one-fifth in 1991.
Eastern Europe. Recently the government has been trying to increase trade with Latin America and China. Cuba has had difficulty servicing its foreign debt since 1982. The government currently is encouraging foreign investment in tourist facilities and in industrial plants idled by falling imports from the former Soviet Union. Other investment priorities include sugar, basic foods, and nickel. The annual Soviet subsidy dropped from $4 billion in 1990 to about $1 billion in 1991 because of a lower price paid for Cuban sugar and a sharp decline in Soviet exports to Cuba. The former Soviet republics have indicated they will no longer extend aid to Cuba beginning in 1992.
Instead of highly subsidized trade, Cuba has been shifting to trade at market prices in convertible currencies. Because of increasingly severe shortages of fuels, industrial raw materials, and spare parts, aggregate output dropped by one-fifth in 1991.
GNP: $17 billion, per capita $1,580; real growth rate -20% (1991 est.)
Real gdp purchasing power parity
Real gdp growth rate
Real gdp per capita
Gross national saving
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Gdp composition by end use
Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture products: accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry; key commercial crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products - coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar)
Industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery
Industrial production growth rate: growth rate 0%; accounts for 45% of GDP (1989)
Labor force: 3,578,800 in state sector; services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990); economically active population 4,620,800 (1988)
Organized labor: Workers Central Union of Cuba (CTC), only labor federation approved by government; 2,910,000 members; the CTC is an umbrella organization composed of 17 member unions
Labor force
Unemployment rate
Youth unemployment
Population below poverty line
Gini index
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Distribution of family income gini index
Budget: revenues $12.46 billion; expenditures $14.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
Public debt
Revenue
Fiscal year: calendar year
Inflation rate consumer prices
Central bank discount rate
Commercial bank prime lending rate
Stock of narrow money
Stock of broad money
Stock of domestic credit
Market value of publicly traded shares
Current account balance
Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: sugar, nickel, medical products, shellfish, citrus, tobacco, coffee
Partners: former USSR 63%, China 6%, Canada 4%, Japan 4% (1991 est.)
Imports: $3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)
Commodoties: petroleum, capital goods, industrial raw materials, food
Partners:
former USSR 47%, Spain 8%, China 6%, Argentina 5%, Italy 4%,
Mexico 3% (1991 est.)
Mexico 3% (1991 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Debt external
Stock of direct foreign investment at home
Stock of direct foreign investment abroad
Exchange rates: Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)
Cuba - Energy 1992
top of pageElectricity
Production: 3,889,000 kW capacity; 16,272 million kWh produced, 1,516 kWh per capita (1991)
Coal
Petroleum
Crude oil
Refined petroleum
Natural gas
Carbon dioxide emissions
Energy consumption per capita
Cuba - Communication 1992
top of pageTelephones
Telephone system
Broadcast media
Internet
Broadband fixed subscriptions
Cuba - Military 1992
top of pageMilitary expenditures
Percent of gdp:
exchange rate conversion - $1.2-1.4 billion, 6% of
GNP (1989 est.)
GNP (1989 est.)
Military and security forces
Military service age and obligation
Space program
Terrorist groups
Cuba - Transportation 1992
top of pageNational air transport system
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
Airports:
189 total, 167 usable; 73 with permanent-surface runways; 3
with runways over 3,659 m; 12
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 18
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
with runways over 3,659 m; 12
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 18
with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Heliports
Pipelines
Railways
Roadways
Waterways: 240 km
Merchant marine:
77 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 537,464
GRT/755,824 DWT; includes 46 cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 cargo/training, 11 petroleum tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 4 bulk; note - Cuba beneficially owns an additional 45 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 574,047 DWT under the registry of Panama, Cyprus, and Malta
GRT/755,824 DWT; includes 46 cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 1 cargo/training, 11 petroleum tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 4 bulk; note - Cuba beneficially owns an additional 45 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 574,047 DWT under the registry of Panama, Cyprus, and Malta
Civil air: 88 major transport aircraft
Ports and terminals
Cuba - Transnational issues 1992
top of pageDisputes international
Refugees and internally displaced persons
Illicit drugs
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