Map of Armenia | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Armenia's leaders remain preoccupied by Armenia's five-year old conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.


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Location: Southeastern Europe, between Turkey and Azerbaijan

Geographic coordinates

Map reference:

Area
Total: 29,800 km²
Land: 28,400 km²

Land boundaries: total 1,254 km, Azerbaijan (east) 566 km, Azerbaijan (south) 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Climate: continental, hot, and subject to drought

Terrain: high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

Elevation

Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

Land use
Permanent crops: 0%
Meadows and pastures: 15%
Forest and woodland: 0%
Other: 56%

Irrigated land: 3,050 km² (1990)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population: 3,481,207 (July 1993 est.)
Growth rate: 1.23% (1993 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Armenian(s)
Adjective: Armenian

Ethnic groups: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Languages: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Religions: Armenian Orthodox 94%

Demographic profile

Age structure

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.23% (1993 est.)

Birth rate: 25.79 births/1000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate: 6.77 deaths/1000 population (1993 est.)

Net migration rate: -6.76 migrant(s)/1000 population (1993 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues:
Current issues note: landlocked

Air pollutants

Sex ratio

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 28.2 deaths/1000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 71.77 years
Male: 68.36 years
Female: 75.36 years (1993 est.)

Total fertility rate: 3.31 children born/woman (1993 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy: age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
Total population: 100%
Male: 100%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Armenia
Conventional short form: Armenia
Local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
Local short form: Hayastan
Former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic

Government type: republic

Capital: Yerevan

Administrative divisions: none (all rayons are under direct republic jurisdiction)

Dependent areas

Independence: 23 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

National holiday: NA

Constitution: adopted NA April 1978; post-Soviet constitution not yet adopted

Legal system: based on civil law system

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet

Judicial branch: Supreme Court

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation:

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Rouben SHUGARIAN
In the us chancery: 122 C Street NW, Suite 360, Washington, DC 20,001
In the us telephone: (202) 628-5,766
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Designate Harry GILMORE
From the us embassy: 18 Gen Bagramian, Yerevan
From the us mailing address: use embassy street address
From the us telephone: (7) (885) 215-1122, 215-1144
From the us fax: (7) (885) 215-1122

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and gold

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Armenia under the old centrally planned Soviet system had built up textile, machine-building, and other industries and had become a key supplier to sister republics. In turn, Armenia had depended on supplies of raw materials and energy from the other republics. Most of these supplies enter the republic by rail through Azerbaijan (85%) and Georgia (15%). The economy has been severely hurt by ethnic strife with Azerbaijan over control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, a mostly Armenian-populated enclave within the national boundaries of Azerbaijan. In addition to outright warfare, the strife has included interdiction of Armenian imports on the Azerbaijani railroads and expensive airlifts of supplies to beleaguered Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh. An earthquake in December 1988 destroyed about one-tenth of industrial capacity and housing, the repair of which has not been possible because the supply of funds and real resources has been disrupted by the reorganization and subsequent dismantling of the central USSR administrative apparatus. Among facilities made unserviceable by the earthquake are the Yerevan nuclear power plant, which had supplied 40% of Armenia's needs for electric power and a plant that produced one-quarter of the output of elevators in the former USSR. Armenia has some deposits of nonferrous metal ores (bauxite, copper, zinc, and molybdenum) that are largely unexploited. For in a chaotic state of transformation. The dramatic drop in output in 1992 is attributable largely to the cumulative impact of the blockade; of particular importance was the shutting off in the summer of 1992 of rail and road links to Russia through Georgia due to civil strife in the latter republic.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: -34% (1992)

Real gdp per capita: $NA

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: accounts for about 20% of GDP; only 29% of land area is arable; employs 18% of labor force; citrus, cotton, and dairy farming; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs

Industries: diverse, including (in percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting machine tools (5.5%), forging-pressing machines (1.9%), electric motors (9%), tires (1.5%), knitted wear (4.4%), hosiery (3.0%), shoes (2.2%), silk fabric (0.8%), washing machines (2.0%), chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, and microelectronics (1990)

Industrial production growth rate: growth rate -50% (1992 est.)

Labor force: 1.63 million
By occupation industry and construction: 42%
By occupation agriculture and forestry: 18%
By occupation other: 40% (1990)

Unemployment rate: 2% of officially registered unemployed but large numbers of underemployed

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget: revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $30 million to outside the successor states of the former USSR (f.o.b., 1992)
Commodoties: machinery and transport equipment, light industrial products, processed food items (1991)
Partners: NA

Imports:
Commodoties: machinery, energy, consumer goods (1991)
Partners: NA

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates


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Electricity
Production: 2,875,000 kW capacity; 9,000 million kWh produced, 2,585 kWh per capita (1992)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Percent of gdp: 250 million rubles, NA% of GDP (1992 est.), note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 12
Usable: 10
With permanentsurface runways: 6
With runways over 3659 m: 1
With runways 2440-3659 m: 4
With runways 1220-2439 m: 3

Heliports

Pipelines: natural gas 900 km (1991)

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: NA km

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international:

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe