Map of Congo | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Upon independence in 1960 the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government installed in 1992.


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Location: Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon

Geographic coordinates

Map reference

Area
Total: 342,000 km²
Land: 341,500 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Montana

Land boundaries: Total 5,504 km, Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Gabon 1,903 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km

Coastline: 169 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea:200 nm

Climate: Tropical; rainy season (March to June; dry season (June to October; constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Terrain: Coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mount Berongou 903 m

Natural resources:

Land use
Arable land: 2%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 29%
Forests and woodland: 62%
Other: 7%

Irrigated land: 40 km² (1989)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards

Geography


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Population:
Growth rate:

Nationality
Noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Congolese or Congo

Ethnic groups
South: Kongo 48%
North: Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%
Center: Teke 17%, Europeans 8,500 (mostly French)

Languages: French (official), African languages (Lingala and Kikongo are the most widely used)

Religions:

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years:
15-64 years:
65 years and over:

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate:

Birth rate:

Death rate:

Net migration rate:

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation
Current issues Natural hazards: seasonal flooding
International agreements: party to_Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified_Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94
International agreements note: About 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
All ages:

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 45.77 years 91,996 est.), 47.09 years (1995 est.)
Male: 44.21 years (1996 est.), 45.23 years 91,995 est.)
Female: 47.37 years (1996 est.), 49 years (1995 est.)

Total fertility rate:

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over that can read and write (1995 est.)
Total population: 74.9%
Male: 83.1%
Female: 67.2%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of the Congo
Conventional short form: Congo
Local long form: Republique Populaire du Congo
Local short form: Congo
Former: Congo/Brazzaville

Government type: Republic

Capital: Brazzaville

Administrative divisions: 9 regions (regions, singular_region) and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha

Dependent areas

Independence: 15 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Congolese National Day, 15 August (1960)

Constitution: New constitution approved by referendum March 1992

Legal system: Based on French civil law system and customary law

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Pascal LISSOUBA (since August 1992); election last held August 1992 (next to be held August 1997); results_President Pascal LISSOUBA won with 61% of the vote
Head of government: Prime Minister Jacques Joachim YHOMBI-OPANGO (since 23 June 1993)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers; named by the president

Legislative branch: Bicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale):Election last held 3 October 1993; results_percentage vote by party NA; seats_(125 total) UPADS 64, URD/PCT 58, others 3 Senate:Election last held 26 July 1992 (next to be held July 1998; results_percent of vote by party NA; seats_(60 total) UPADS 23, MCDDI 14, RDD 8, RDPS 5, PCT 2, others 8

Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Political parties and leaders

International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO

Diplomatic representation

Flag description: Red, divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Congo's economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing about 90% of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Subsequently, falling oil prices cut GDP growth by half. Moreover, the Congolese Government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its oil earnings, contributing to the government's shortage of revenues. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 61% in 1994. Recent efforts to implement economic reforms have begun to show progress; the IMF has recommended approval of an Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility agreement in 1996.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate:

Real gdp per capita:

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin

Agriculture products: Accounts for 12% of GDP (including fishing and forestry; cassava accounts for 90% of food output; other crops_rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables; cash crops include coffee and cocoa; forest products important export earner; imports over 90% of food needs

Industries:

Industrial production growth rate: Growth rate 8% (1993 est.), accounts for 35% of GDP; includes petroleum, 3.7% (estimated average annual growth rate for 1980-92)

Labor force: 79,100 wage earners
By occupation Agriculture:
By occupation industry and government: 25%

Unemployment rate: NA

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $2.18 billion (1994 est.), $765 million (1990 est.)
Expenditures: $952 million, including capital expenditures of $65 million (1990)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: Calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports:
Commodities:
Partners:

Imports
Total value:
Commodities:
Partners:

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $5 billion (1993)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1_500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)
Note: Beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948


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Electricity
Capacity: 120,000 kW
Production: 400 million kWh
Consumption per capita: 201 kWh (1993)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones

Telephone system: 18,000 telephones (1983 est.); 7 telephones/1000 persons; services adequate for government use; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo
Local: NA
Intercity: primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable
International: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

Broadcast media

Internet

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $110 million, 3.8% of GDP (1993)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 34
With paved runways over 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 7
With paved runways under 914 m: 9
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 14 (1995 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines: Crude oil 25 km

Railways

Roadways

Waterways: The Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

Merchant marine: None

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs