Map of Chile | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: A three-year-old Marxist government was overthrown in 1973 by a dictatorial military regime led by Augusto PINOCHET which ruled until a freely elected president was installed in 1990. Sound economic policies first implemented by the PINOCHET dictatorship led to unprecedented growth in 1991-97 and have helped secure the country's commitment to democratic and representative government. Growth slowed in 1998-99 but recovered strongly in 2000.


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Location: Southern South America bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean between Argentina and Peru

Geographic coordinates: 30 00 S 71 00 W

Map reference: South America

Area
Total: 756,950 km²
Land: 748,800 km²
Water: 8,150 km²
Note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez
Comparative: slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

Land boundaries
Total: 6,171 km
Border countries: (3) Argentina 5,150 km; , Bolivia 861 km; , Peru 160 km

Coastline: 6,435 km

Maritime claims
Contiguous zone: 24 NM
Continental shelf: 200/350 NM
Exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
Territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate: temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south

Terrain: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
Extremes highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m

Natural resources: copper timber iron ore nitrates precious metals molybdenum hydropower

Land use
Arable land: 5%
Permanent crops: 0%
Permanent pastures: 18%
Forests and woodland: 22%
Other: 55% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 12,650 km² (1993 est.)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis

Geography
Note: strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan Beagle Channel Drake Passage); Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions


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Population: 15,328,467 (July 2001 est.)
Growth rate: 1.13% (2001 est.)
Below poverty line: 22% (1998 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Chilean
Adjective: Chilean

Ethnic groups: white and white-Amerindian 95% Amerindian 3% other 2%

Languages: Spanish

Religions: Roman Catholic 89% Protestant 11% Jewish NEGL%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 27.25% (male 2,135,755; female 2,041,552)
15-64 years: 65.39% (male 4,993,416; female 5,029,739)
65 years and over: 7.36% (male 467,477; female 660,528) (2001 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age

Population growth rate: 1.13% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 16.8 births/1000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 5.55 deaths/1000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2001 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage
International agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.05 male/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male/female
Total population: 0.98 male/female (2001 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate: 9.36 deaths/1000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 75.94 years
Male: 72.63 years
Female: 79.42 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 0.19% (1999 est.)
People living with hivaids: 15,000 (1999 est.)
Deaths: 1000 (1999 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 95.2%
Male: 95.4%
Female: 95% (1995 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of Chile
Conventional short form: Chile
Local long form: Republica de Chile
Local short form: Chile

Government type: republic

Capital: Santiago

Administrative divisions
Note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica

Dependent areas

Independence: 18 September 1810 (from Spain)

National holiday: Independence Day 18 September (1810)

Constitution: 11 September 1980 effective 11 March 1981 amended 30 July 1989 1993 and 1997

Legal system: based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Head of government: President Ricardo LAGOS Escobar (since 11 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 12 December 1999, with runoff election held 16 January 2000 (next to be held NA December 2005)
Election results: Ricardo LAGOS Escobar elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo LAGOS Escobar 51.32%, Joaquin LAVIN 48.68%

Legislative branch
Elections: Senate - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001); Chamber of Deputies - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001)
Election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), RN 7, UDI 10, UCCP 1, independents 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CPD 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%), RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%; seats by party - CPD 70 (PDC 39, PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), RN 24, UDI 21, Socialist Party 1, right-wing independents 4

Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

Political parties and leaders: Center-Center Union Party or UCCP [Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ricardo HORMAZABAL]; Coalition of Parties for Democracy ('Concertacion') or CPD - including PDC PS PPD PRSD; Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Pablo LONGUEIRA]; National Renewal or RN [Alberto CARDEMIL]; Party for Democracy or PPD [Guido GIRARDI]; Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Anselmo SULE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ]

International organization participation: APEC CCC ECLAC FAO G-11 G-77 IADB IAEA IBRD ICAO ICC ICFTU ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF IMO Inmarsat Intelsat Interpol IOC IOM ISO ITU LAES LAIA Mercosur (associate) NAM OAS OPANAL OPCW PCA RG UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNITAR UNMIBH UNMOGIP UNTAET UNTSO UNU UPU WCL WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WToO WTrO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI
In the us chancery: 1140 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20,036
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 785-1746
In the us fax: [1] (202) 887-5,579
In the us consulates general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador John O'LEARY
From the us embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2,800, Las Condes, Santiago
From the us mailing address: APO AA 34,033
From the us telephone: [56] (2) 232-2,600
From the us fax: [56] (2) 339-3,710

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97 but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999 reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999 exports and economic activity had begun to recover and growth rebounded to 5.5% in 2000. Unemployment remains stubbornly high however putting pressure on President LAGOS to improve living standards. Meanwhile Chile has launched free trade negotiations with the US.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: 5.5% (2000 est.)

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $10,100 (2000 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 8%
Industry: 38%
Services: 54% (2000)

Agriculture products: wheat corn grapes beans sugar beets potatoes fruit; beef poultry wool; fish; timber

Industries: copper other minerals foodstuffs fish processing iron and steel wood and wood products transport equipment cement textiles

Industrial production growth rate: 6% (2000 est.)

Labor force: 5.8 million (1999 est.)
By occupation agriculture: 14%
By occupation industry: 27%
By occupation services: 59% (1997 est.)

Unemployment rate: 9% (December 2000)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: 22% (1998 est.)

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 1.2%
Highest 10: 41.3% (1998)

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $16 billion
Expenditures: $17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 4.5% (2000 est.)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $18 billion (f.o.b. 2000)
Commodities: copper fish fruits paper and pulp chemicals
Partners: EU 27% US 16% Japan 14% Brazil 6% Argentina 5% (1998)

Imports: $17 billion (f.o.b. 2000)
Commodities: consumer goods chemicals motor vehicles fuels electrical machinery heavy industrial machinery food
Partners: US 24% EU 23% Argentina 11% Brazil 6% Japan 6% Mexico 5% (1998)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $39 billion (2000)

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: Chilean pesos per US dollar - 571.12 (January 2001) 535.47 (2000) 508.78 (1999) 460.29 (1998) 419.30 (1997) 412.27 (1996)


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Electricity
Production: 38.092 billion kWh (1999)
Production by source fossil fuel: 61%
Production by source hydro: 35%
Production by source nuclear: 0%
Production by source other: 4% (1999)
Consumption: 35.426 billion kWh (1999)
Exports: 0 kWh (1999)
Imports: 0 kWh (1999)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 2.603 million (1998)
Mobile cellular: 944,225 (1998)

Telephone system
General assessment: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities
Domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations
International: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .cl
Service providers isps: 7 (2000)
Users: 625,000 (2000)

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures
Dollar figure: $2.5 billion (FY99)
Percent of gdp: 3.1% (FY99)

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 366 (2000 est.)
With paved runways total: 69
With paved runways over 3047 m: 6
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 6
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 22
With paved runways 914 to 1523 m: 21
With paved runways under 914 m: 14 (2000 est.)
With unpaved runways total: 297
With unpaved runways over 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 4
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 11
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 62
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 219 (2000 est.)

Heliports

Pipelines: crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km

Railways
Total: 6,701 km
Broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1317 km electrified)
Narrow gauge: 117 km 1.067-m gauge (28 km electrified); 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2000)

Roadways

Waterways: 725 km

Merchant marine
Total: 44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 606,506 GRT/884,023 DWT
Ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 7, chemical tanker 8, container 4, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 2 (2000 est.)

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs