Map of Monaco | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then the principality's mild climate splendid scenery and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.


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Location: Western Europe bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N 7 24 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 1.95 km²
Water: 0 km²
Land: 1.95 km²
Comparative: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 4.4 km
Border countries: (1) France 4.4 km

Coastline: 4.1 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate: Mediterranean with mild wet winters and hot dry summers

Terrain: hilly rugged rocky

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Extremes highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources: none

Land use
Arable land: 0%
Permanent crops: 0%
Other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)

Irrigated land: NA km²

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban


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Population: 32,130 (July 2003 est.)
Growth rate: 0.44% (2003 est.)
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Monegasque or Monacan
Adjective: Monegasque or Monacan

Ethnic groups: French 47% Monegasque 16% Italian 16% other 21%

Languages: French (official) English Italian Monegasque

Religions: Roman Catholic 90%

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,551; female 2,445)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,814; female 10,130)
65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,937; female 4,253) (2003 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 45 years
Male: 43 years
Female: 47 years (2002)

Population growth rate: 0.44% (2003 est.)

Birth rate: 9.46 births/1000 population (2003 est.)

Death rate: 12.82 deaths/1000 population (2003 est.)

Net migration rate: 7.78 migrant(s)/1000 population (2003 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: NA
International agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.05 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.04 male/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male/female
Total population: 0.91 male/female (2003 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 5.63 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 4.69 deaths/1000 live births (2003 est.)
Male: 6.52 deaths/1000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 79.27 years
Male: 75.37 years
Female: 83.37 years (2003 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.76 children born/woman (2003 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA%
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures

Literacy
Definition: NA
Total population: 99%
Male: NA%
Female: NA%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
Conventional short form: Monaco
Local short form: Monaco
Local long form: Principaute de Monaco

Government type: constitutional monarchy

Capital: Monaco

Administrative divisions: none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government but there are four quarters (quartiers singular - quartier); Fontvieille La Condamine Monaco-Ville Monte-Carlo

Dependent areas

Independence: 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

National holiday: National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday) 19 November

Constitution: 17 December 1962

Legal system: based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)
Elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
Head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000)

Legislative branch
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008)

Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders: National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]

International organization participation: ACCT ECE FAO IAEA ICAO ICC ICCt (signatory) ICRM IFRCS IHO IMO Interpol IOC ITU OPCW OSCE UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNITAR UPU WHO WIPO WMO WToO

Diplomatic representation
In the us consulates general: New York
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: Monaco situated on the French Mediterranean coast is a popular resort attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001 a major new construction project will extend the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small high-value-added nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors including tobacco the telephone network and the postal service. Living standards are high roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.

Real gdp purchasing power parity

Real gdp growth rate: NA%

Real gdp per capita: purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: NA%
Industry: NA%
Services: NA%

Agriculture products: none

Industries: tourism construction small-scale industrial and consumer products

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Labor force: 30,540 (January 1994)

Unemployment rate: 3.1% (1998)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $518 million
Expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate consumer prices: NA%

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit

Market value of publicly traded shares

Current account balance

Exports: $NA; full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Imports: $NA; full customs integration with France which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002) 1.1175 (2001) 1.0854 (2000) 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998)


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Electricity
Consumption: NA kWh
Imports note: electricity supplied by France

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 31,027 (1995)
Mobile cellular: NA

Telephone system
General assessment: modern automatic telephone system
Domestic: NA
International: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .mc
Service providers isps: 2 (2000)
Users: NA

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: none; linked to airport in Nice France by helicopter service (2002)

Heliports: 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice France and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002)

Pipelines

Railways
Total: 1.7 km
Standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)

Roadways

Waterways: none

Merchant marine: none (2002 est.)

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs