Map of San Marino | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.


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Location: Southern Europe an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 46 N 12 25 E

Map reference: Europe

Area
Total: 61.2 km²
Land: 61.2 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: about one third times the size of Washington DC

Land boundaries
Total: 39 km
Border countries: (1) Italy 39 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm sunny summers

Terrain: rugged mountains

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
Extremes highest point: Monte Titano 755 m

Natural resources: building stone

Land use
Arable land: 16.67%
Permanent crops: 0%
Other: 83.33% (2005)

Irrigated land: NA

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources

Natural hazards: NA

Geography
Note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines


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Population: 29,973 (July 2008 est.)
Growth rate: 1.181% (2008 est.)

Nationality
Noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
Adjective: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups: Sammarinese Italian

Languages: Italian

Religions: Roman Catholic

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,608/female 2,430)
15-64 years: 66% (male 9,464/female 10,304)
65 years and over: 17.2% (male 2,229/female 2,938) (2008 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 41.2 years
Male: 40.9 years
Female: 41.6 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.181% (2008 est.)

Birth rate: 9.74 births/1000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate: 8.37 deaths/1000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate: 10.44 migrant(s)/1000 population (2008 est.)

Population distribution

Urbanization

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: NA
International agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling
International agreements signed but not ratified: Air Pollution

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.09 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.07 male/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male/female
Total population: 0.91 male/female (2008 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 5.44 deaths/1000 live births
Male: 5.86 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 4.98 deaths/1000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 81.88 years
Male: 78.43 years
Female: 85.64 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.35 children born/woman (2008 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source

Current health expenditure

Physicians density

Hospital bed density

Sanitation facility access

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: NA
People living with hivaids: NA
Deaths: NA

Major infectious diseases

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

Education expenditures: NA

Literacy
Definition: age 10 and over can read and write
Total population: 96%
Male: 97%
Female: 95%

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
Conventional short form: San Marino
Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Local short form: San Marino

Government type: republic

Capital
Name: San Marino
Geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli singular - castello); Acquaviva Borgo Maggiore Chiesanuova Domagnano Faetano Fiorentino Montegiardino San Marino Citta Serravalle

Dependent areas

Independence: 3 September AD 301

National holiday: Founding of the Republic 3 September (AD 301)

Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

International law organization participation

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Captain Regent Assunta MELONI (for the period 1 October-31 March 2009)
Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)
Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
Elections: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011)
Election results: Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Assunta MELONI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA
Note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch
Elections: last held 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)
Election results: percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2%: PDCS 31.9%, AP 11.5%, Freedom List 6.3%, San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%; Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8%; Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%; seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35; PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2; Reforms and Freedm coalition 25: Party of Socialists and Democrats 18, United Left 5, Democrats of the Center 2

Judicial branch: Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders: Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center; Freedom List; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI]; New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or AP [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; Union of Moderates; United Left

International organization participation: CE FAO IBRD ICAO ICCt ICRM IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC IOM (observer) IPU ITU ITUC OPCW OSCE UN UNCTAD UNESCO Union Latina UNWTO UPU WFTU WHO WIPO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI
In the us chancery: 888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20,006
In the us telephone: 202-337-2,260
From the us: the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

National symbols

National anthem

National heritage


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Economy overview: The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking clothing and apparel electronics and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy which supplies much of its food.

Real gdp purchasing power parity: $850 million (2004 est.)

Real gdp growth rate: 4.6% (2004 est.)

Real gdp per capita: $34,100 (2004 est.)

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: NA%
Industry: NA%
Services: NA%

Agriculture products: wheat grapes corn olives; cattle pigs horses beef cheese hides

Industries: tourism banking textiles electronics ceramics cement wine

Industrial production growth rate: 5.6% (2005 est.)

Labor force: 20,470 (2004)
By occupation agriculture: 0.2%
By occupation industry: 40.1%
By occupation services: 59.7% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate: 3.8% (2004)

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: NA%
Highest 10: NA%

Distribution of family income gini index

Budget
Revenues: $709.6 million
Expenditures: $672.3 million (2004)

Taxes and other revenues

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: -1.5% (2006)

Central bank discount rate

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 7.58% (31 December 2007)

Stock of narrow money

Stock of broad money

Stock of domestic credit: $7.513 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance

Exports: $1.291 billion (2004)
Commodities: building stone lime wood chestnuts wheat wine baked goods hides ceramics

Imports: $2.035 billion (2004)
Commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures food

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Debt external: $NA

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates: euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007) 0.7964 (2006) 0.8041 (2005) 0.8054 (2004) 0.886 (2003)


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Electricity

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 21,000 (2006)
Mobile cellular: 17,390 (2006)

Telephone system
General assessment: adequate connections
Domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons
International: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Broadcast media

Internet
Country code: .sm
Hosts: 6,665 (2008)
Users: 15,400 (2006)

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: NA

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 292 km
Paved: 292 km (2006)

Waterways

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals


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Disputes international: none

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Illicit drugs