Background: Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856 the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Geography Note: most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay where the capital of Kingston is situated
Ethnic groups: descendants of the Bounty mutineers Australian New Zealander Polynesian
Languages: English (official) Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Religions: Anglican 31.8% Roman Catholic 11.5% Uniting Church in Australia 10.6% Seventh-Day Adventist 3.2% other Christian 5.6% none 19.9% unspecified 16.6% (2006 census)
National holiday: Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders) 8 June (1856)
Constitution: Norfolk Island Act of 1979 as amended in 2005
Legal system: based on the laws of Australia local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Executive branch Chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II ; represented by the Australian governor general Head of government: Administrator Owen WALSH (since October 2007) Cabinet: Executive Council made up of 4 of the 9 members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator Elections: the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members to serve three-year terms) Elections: last held on 17 March 2010 (next to be held in 2013) Election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Flag description: three vertical bands of green (hoist side) white and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band; green stands for the rich vegetation on the island and the pine tree - endemic to the island - is a symbol of Norfolk Island Note: somewhat reminiscent of the flag of Canada with its use of only two colors and depiction of a prominent local floral symbol in the central white band
National anthem Name: 'Come Ye Blessed' Lyricsmusic: New Testament/John Prindle SCOTT Note: the local anthem whose lyrics consist of the words from Matthew 25:34-36 40 is also known as 'The Pitcairn Anthem;' as a territory of Australia 'God Save the Queen' is official (see Australia) however the island does not recognize 'Advance Australia Fair'
Economy overview: Tourism the primary economic activity has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self sufficient in the production of beef poultry and eggs.