Map of Central African Republic | Geography | People | Government | Economy | Energy | Communication
Military | Transportation | Transnational Issues | Year: Guide1989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025 | More stats

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Background: The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade. President Ange-Felix PATASSE's civilian government was plagued by unrest and in March 2003 he was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois BOZIZE who established a transitional government. Though the government has the tacit support of civil society groups and the main parties a wide field of candidates contested the municipal legislative and presidential elections held in March and May of 2005 in which General BOZIZE was affirmed as president. The government still does not fully control the countryside where pockets of lawlessness persist. Unrest in the neighboring nations of Chad Sudan and the DRC continues to affect stability in the Central African Republic as well.


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Location: Central Africa north of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Geographic coordinates: 7 00 N 21 00 E

Map reference: Africa

Area
Total: 622,984 km²
Rank: 45
Land: 622,984 km²
Water: 0 km²
Comparative: slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries
Total: 5,203 km
Border countries: (6) Cameroon 797 km; Chad 1197 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 1577 km; Republic of the Congo 467 km; South Sudan 990 km; Sudan 175 km

Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Climate: tropical; hot dry winters; mild to hot wet summers

Terrain: vast flat to rolling monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest

Elevation
Extremes lowest point: Oubangui River 335 m
Extremes highest point: Mont Ngaoui 1420 m

Natural resources: diamonds uranium timber gold oil hydropower

Land use
Arable land: 3.1%
Permanent crops: 0.15%
Other: 96.75% (2005)

Irrigated land: 10 km² (2008)

Major rivers

Major watersheds area km²

Total water withdrawal

Total renewable water resources: 144.4 km³ (2003)

Natural hazards: hot dry dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common

Geography
Note: landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa


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Population: 4,950,027 (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 117
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy higher infant mortality higher death rates lower population growth rates and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected
Growth rate: 2.146% (2011 est.)
Growth rate rank: 40
Below poverty line: NA%

Nationality
Noun: Central African
Adjective: Central African

Ethnic groups: Baya 33% Banda 27% Mandjia 13% Sara 10% Mboum 7% M'Baka 4% Yakoma 4% other 2%

Languages: French (official) Sangho (lingua franca and national language) tribal languages

Religions: indigenous beliefs 35% Protestant 25% Roman Catholic 25% Muslim 15%
Note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority

Demographic profile

Age structure
0-14 years: 41%
15-64 years: 55.3% (male 1,353,600/female 1,382,291)
65 years and over: 3.7% (male 73,977/female 111,196) (2011 est.)

Dependency ratios

Median age
Total: 19.2 years
Male: 18.8 years
Female: 19.6 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate: 2.146% (2011 est.)
Rank: 40

Birth rate: 36.46 births/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 24

Death rate: 15.01 deaths/1000 population (July 2011 est.)
Rank: 10

Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1000 population (2011 est.)
Rank: 81

Population distribution

Urbanization
Urban population: 39% of total population
Rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas

Environment
Current issues: tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation
International agreements party to: Biodiversity Climate Change Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Desertification Endangered Species Hazardous Wastes Ozone Layer Protection Tropical Timber 94 Wetlands
International agreements signed but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Air pollutants

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.03 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Mothers mean age at first birth

Maternal mortality ratio

Infant mortality rate
Total: 99.38 deaths/1000 live births
Rank: 7
Male: 107.34 deaths/1000 live births
Female: 91.17 deaths/1000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 50.07 years
Rank: 213
Male: 48.84 years
Female: 51.35 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate: 4.63 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Rank: 31

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Drinking water source:

Current health expenditure

Physicians density: 0.08 physicians/1000 population (2004)
Rank: 168

Hospital bed density: 1.2 beds/1000 population (2006)
Rank: 136

Sanitation facility access:

Hiv/Aids
Adult prevalence rate: 4.7% (2009 est.)
Adult prevalence rate rank: 16
People living with hivaids: 130,000 (2009 est.)
People living with hivaids rank: 36
Deaths: 11,000 (2009 est.)
Deaths rank: 25

Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria
Respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Obesity adult prevalence rate

Alcohol consumption

Tobacco use

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 21.8% (2000)
Rank: 27

Education expenditures: 1.3% of GDP (2009)
Rank: 160

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 48.6%
Male: 64.8%
Female: 33.5% (2000 est.)

School life expectancy primary to tertiary education
Total: 7 years
Male: 8 years
Female: 5 years (2009)

Youth unemployment


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Country name
Conventional long form: Central African Republic
Conventional short form: none
Local long form: Republique Centrafricaine
Local short form: none
Former: Ubangi-Shari Central African Empire
Abbreviation: CAR

Government type: republic

Capital
Name: Bangui
Geographic coordinates: 4 22 N 18 35 E
Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures singular - prefecture) 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques singular - prefecture economique) and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran Bangui** Basse-Kotto Haute-Kotto Haut-Mbomou Kemo Lobaye Mambere-Kadei Mbomou Nana-Grebizi* Nana-Mambere Ombella-Mpoko Ouaka Ouham Ouham-Pende Sangha-Mbaere* Vakaga

Dependent areas

Independence: 13 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday: Republic Day 1 December (1958)

Constitution: ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004

Legal system: civil law system based on the French model

International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state: President Francois BOZIZE
Head of government: Prime Minister Faustin-Archange TOUADERA (since 22 January 2008)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers
Elections: president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results: Francois BOZIZE elected to a second term as president; percent of vote - Francois BOZIZE (KNK) 64.4% Ange-Felix PATASSE 21.4% Martin ZIGUELE (MLPC) 6.8% Emile Gros Raymond NAKOMBO (RDC) 4.6% Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH (NAP) 2.8%

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (105 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held on 23 January 2011 and 27 March 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KNK 62 independents 26 MLPC 2 other 15

Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (three judges appointed by the president three by the president of the National Assembly and three by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Political parties and leaders: Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Andre KOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO]; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Ange-Felix PATASSE] (the party of deposed president); National Convergence or KNK; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]

International organization participation: ACP AfDB AU BDEAC CEMAC FAO FZ G-77 IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF Interpol IOC IOM ISO (subscriber) ITSO ITU ITUC MIGA NAM OIC OIF OPCW UN UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UNWTO UPU WCO WHO WIPO WMO WTO

Diplomatic representation
In the us chief of mission: Ambassador Stanislas MOUSSA-KEMBE
In the us chancery: 1618 22nd Street NW Washington DC 20,008
In the us telephone: [1] (202) 483-7,800
In the us fax: [1] (202) 332-9,893
From the us chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence WOHLERS
From the us embassy: Avenue David Dacko Bangui
From the us mailing address: B. P. 924 Bangui
From the us telephone: [236] 61 02 00
From the us fax: [236] 61 44 94
From the us note: the embassy is currently operating with a minimal staff

Flag description: four equal horizontal bands of blue (top) white green and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band; banner combines the Pan-African and French flag colors; red symbolizes the blood spilled in the struggle for independence blue represents the sky and freedom white peace and dignity green hope and faith and yellow tolerance; the star represents aspiration towards a vibrant future

National symbols: elephant

National anthem
Name: 'Le Renaissance'
Lyricsmusic: Barthelemy BOGANDA/Herbert PEPPER
Note: adopted 1960; Barthelemy BOGANDA who wrote the anthem's lyrics was the first prime minister of the autonomous French territory

National heritage


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Economy overview: Subsistence agriculture together with forestry remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR) with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 16% of export earnings and the diamond industry for 40%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position a poor transportation system a largely unskilled work force and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs.

Real gdp purchasing power parity:
Rank: 171
Note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real gdp growth rate:
Rank: 114

Real gdp per capita:
Rank: 220
Note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Gross national saving

Gdp composition by end use

Gdp composition by sector of origin
Agriculture: 53.8%
Industry: 14.5%
Services: 31.7% (2010 est.)

Agriculture products: timber cotton coffee tobacco manioc (tapioca) yams millet corn bananas; timber

Industries: gold and diamond mining logging brewing textiles footwear assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2002)
Rank: 116

Labor force: 1.926 million (2007)
Rank: 121

Unemployment rate: 8% (2001 est.)
Rank: 91
Note: 23% unemployment for Bangui

Youth unemployment

Population below poverty line: NA%

Gini index

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10: 2.1%
Highest 10: 33% (2003)

Distribution of family income gini index: 61.3 (1993)
Rank: 7

Budget
Revenues: $325.7 million
Expenditures: $335.2 million (2010 est.)
Surplus or deficit: -0.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
Surplus or deficit rank: 52

Taxes and other revenues: 16.1% of GDP (2010 est.)
Rank: 182

Public debt

Revenue

Fiscal year

Inflation rate consumer prices: 3.5% (2009 est.)
Rank: 47

Central bank discount rate: 4.75% (31 December 2008)
Rank: 78

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 15% (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 54

Stock of narrow money: $288.8 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 169

Stock of broad money: $343.4 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 180

Stock of domestic credit: $357.6 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 171

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance: -$181.9 million (2009 est.)
Rank: 83

Exports: $123.9 million (2009 est.)
Rank: 184
Commodities: diamonds timber cotton coffee tobacco
Partners: Belgium 25.6% China 17.5% Morocco 12.1% Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.1% France 6.1% Indonesia 4.9% (2010)

Imports: $270.9 million (2009 est.)
Rank: 193
Commodities: food textiles petroleum products machinery electrical equipment motor vehicles chemicals pharmaceuticals
Partners: Netherlands 27.8% France 11.9% Cameroon 8.3% China 5.1% (2010)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $210.6 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 166

Debt external: $396 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Rank: 168

Stock of direct foreign investment at home

Stock of direct foreign investment abroad

Exchange rates:


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Electricity
Production: 160 million kWh (2008 est.)
Production rank: 184
Consumption: 148.8 million kWh (2008 est.)
Consumption rank: 189
Exports: 0 kWh (2009 est.)
Imports: 0 kWh (2009 est.)

Coal

Petroleum

Crude oil

Refined petroleum

Natural gas
Production: 0 m³ (2009 est.)
Production rank: 170
Consumption: 0 m³ (2009 est.)
Consumption rank: 162
Exports: 0 m³ (2009 est.)
Exports rank: 81
Imports: 0 m³ (2009 est.)
Imports rank: 106
Proven reserves: 0 m³ (1 January 2011 est.)
Proven reserves rank: 125

Carbon dioxide emissions

Energy consumption per capita


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Telephones
Main lines in use: 12,000 (2010)
Main lines in use rank: 200
Mobile cellular: 1.02 million (2010)
Mobile cellular rank: 151

Telephone system
General assessment: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity low-powered radiotelephone communication
Domestic: limited telephone service with less than 1 fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone services are concentrated in Bangui
International: country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)

Broadcast media: government-owned network Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately-owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet
Country code: .cf
Hosts: 20 (2010)
Hosts rank: 217
Users: 22,600 (2009)
Users rank: 191

Broadband fixed subscriptions


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Military expenditures: 0.9% of GDP (2009)
Rank: 141

Military and security forces

Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for selective military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2011)

Space program

Terrorist groups


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National air transport system

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports: 37 (2010)
Rank: 106
With paved runways total: 2
With paved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With paved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 1 (2010)
With unpaved runways total: 35
With unpaved runways 2438 to 3047 m: 1
With unpaved runways 15-24 to 2437 m: 12
With unpaved runways 914 to 1523 m: 16
With unpaved runways under 914 m: 6 (2010)

Heliports

Pipelines

Railways

Roadways
Total: 24,307 km
Rank: 105

Waterways: 2,800 km (the primary navigable river is the Ubangi which joins the River Congo; it was the traditional route for the export of products because it connected with the Congo-Ocean railway at Brazzaville; because of the warfare on both sides of the River Congo from 1997 however routes through Cameroon became preferred by importers and exporters) (2010)
Rank: 34

Merchant marine

Ports and terminals: Bangui Nola Salo Nzinga


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Disputes international: periodic skirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan persist

Refugees and internally displaced persons
Refugees: 7,900 (Sudan); 3,700 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); note - UNHCR resumed repatriation of Southern Sudanese refugees in 2006
Idps: 197,000 (ongoing unrest following coup in 2003) (2007)

Illicit drugs